ʻO wai ka Aristotle? He aha ka mea iʻike, Kawaihae, na makana i ka 'epekema

Ke kumu o Aristotle ua inextricably ua hoʻopili i Makedonia. I ka 384 BC. Hawaii., ia ia i hanau, ka moku'āina ua ma ke ala i ko lakou mau pomaikai. Eia ua ke kulanakaukale, i kahi Aristotle i hanau ai. Kawaihae no ka poe akeakamai hoomaka ma ka wahi i kapaʻia Stageira (he mea no hoi pela 'ana "Stagira" a me "Stagira"). E like me ka haawina i kauohaia'ku laila no kanaka solidified i ka lua o ka inoa, loko mai o ke kulanakauhale ponoi. Nolaila, Aristotle ua iʻikeʻia me Stagirite.

ohana

He Ua hānauʻia ma luna o ka Halkidiki Peninsula. Ano ka mea, o ka akau o Helene, a laila ka mea, ua pono i ka outskirts o ka Hellenistic honua. Nearby ua he hihiu Thrace. Here noho kekahi poʻe'ē he heluna kanaka, mai ka makahiki o ka ola o ka panalāʻau o ka poe kanaka ei i kawili pu ia me ka Helene i hele mai. Akā, Aristotle ua he maemae-koko mamo o ka poʻe e noho lā ma Attica. Kona makua kāne Nicomachus i kekahi kahuna lapaau kaulana e noho ana ma ka pā hale o ke Teselonike i ke aliʻi.

Kona oihana ua loa ā ina a me ka mahalo i ka kahiko. Na Helene, nui na mea i manaoio i nā kauka iho, mai ke akua Asclepius. No laila, i ka poe akeakamai o kaʻohana ua maikai, a kaulana. Thinker iho hoohana mau manao, a hoi noʻonoʻo iho i ka mamao descendent o Asclepius. A pau i kēia mea naʻaupō, akā, ma ia manawa ua mau kino i ua'āina, he pono ole. Ia mea i kahaha ko oukou naau i Aristotle e hoʻokele i ka hui pu iho i ka hohonu o ka manao, a me ka manaoio cult o ka Olympian akua kanaka o loko.

Helehelena i loko o Atenai

Malamaia hoike wā thinker helehelena. E like me ke kanaka opiopio ia ua nondescript. I kona makahiki 17, oia mua kipa ma Atenai - Greece ka moʻomeheu a me ka pili aupuni waena. About kēia wā, he mau loa fragmentary ike. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ke kanaka'ōpiopio laila, hana i ka Noho o kona makua kāne hoʻoilina, a me ke ahiahi, komo i loko o quackery ua i loko o ka hana koa. Kālepa o ka 'inikua ai', ka mua manawa ia i hiki ai i loko o ka papa o ka poe akeakamai a me ka mea a komo i loko o ka hoopaapaa ana.

Plato ka Academy

ʻO wai ka Aristotle? He ua kaulana no kona 'imi naʻauao hana. Lepo maikai, no keia i ka Academy, kahi āna i ua makahiki 18 makahiki. Aia oia koke lilo kekahi o na kumu nui haumana o kekahi poe akeakamai nui - Plato. Ka fresco kaulana ma Raphael o "Na Kula o Atenai" hōʻike kēia mau thinkers ma ka olelo hoopaapaa, i hele ia e na haumana o ke Academy a pau.

He 'aneʻi i ke kanaka'ōpiopio hoʻomaka e komo i loko oʻimi naʻauao noiʻi, a kakau iho la i kona mua ka palapala, ai hana. Ka mua 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke i aku la E ke Kumu - philosophicalʻano o. Kēia i hanaʻia e hahai ana i ke kumu hoohalike o Plato ka kumu, ka mea i hoʻomaka 'ana i keia ano o ka palapala.

Kekahi o nāʻano loa kaulana o ia manawa i noonoo "Eudemus a Ma o kaʻuhane." Aristotle Ua hai i ka moʻolelo o kekahi o Plato mau haumāna, kipaku mai ka Academy.

kākā'ōlelo

He aha ka Aristotle Ma hou, e ike, ia mea nui, e hoailona oukou i ka mua hana o ka Academy loaʻa i ka hooulu ana o ka rhetoric. Ke hiki e'ōlelo aku i loko o ke alo o kanaka, a kamaʻilio iā ia i kona manao ua nui mahalo i kahiko Greece. Nolaila, he poe akeakamai pūʻana i loko,ʻaʻole wale kumumanaʻo akā, mau haʻi'ōlelo no hoi, a me ka Academy, oia kahi i noʻonoʻo i ka haku i hala o kēia oe. Kona tālena Ua kaulana ma na 'ōlelo mahope manawa, a me Cicero, ka poe i ike i ke alahula mau keiki o Aristotle ka iho wale.

Ka mokuāhana ma me ka Platonists

I ka makahiki 347 i make, Plato. Me ia i loko o Aristotle ka mea, ua he nui nui o ke koena unuhi o ka manao, aka, ia mea he papa kiʻekiʻe kumu i kona iniiaiie caregiver a me kākoʻo. Thinker hiki i loaʻa i ka hoʻomaopopo like 'ōlelo a me nā haumāna o ka Academy. Koke mua ia, ke Makedonia Pilipo ke alii i luku ai i aina o Stageira poe akeakamai, ma hope i kona nalowale pono noho mau kokoke ana i ona lā. No laila, koke Aristotle haalele Athens, a hele aku la i Asia Minor. Ua hanaʻia i loko kona maloko hoʻoponopono ulia.

E like laila ka mea i kākau i na hana, a hoohui mai ia i ke akeakamai o Aristotle. Pokole, ua ohi ka mea, ma ia Anederoniko o Rode posthumously, a ua hui pu ia ma ka "Metaphysics".

Uchitel Aleksandra

Ka manawa mua ma hope o ka neʻe aku, oia noho ma Aso: manao iho a me Mytilene, a i oleloia i loko o kona mau palapala. Next i ka mokupuni o Lesbos, ma na hana o Aristotle he i ke ao. Kēia hana i ole hele unnoticed, a ua kono i ka poe akeakamai a hiki i ka pā hale Filippa Makedonskogo, ka mea i imi i ke kumu no kāna keiki Alexander. Kēia kanaka'ōpio i ka luna ia, i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ua lanakila ka hapalua o ka honua kahiko.

I loko nō o ka mea i Aristotle i hānau i loko o Makedonia, oia ua mau ua noʻonoʻo he Helene. Thinker me ka manao pono, manaoio aku i ka nui loa o Hellenistic moʻomeheu hiki uaʻapo mai a pau kokoke'āina. I keia manawa, no ka Helene i noho nui waiwai a oi oluolu kona nui hoalauna. Naʻauao poe kanaka i ke kahua no kekahi houʻano o ke kaiāulu.

A pau i kēia mau pono Aristotle ike. Books poe akeakamai hoʻomau i ka manaʻo. Ka mea wale nō mea i ua ole lawa o Helene, e hui me ka hoʻonui, ma kona manao, - he alii ikaika a me ka ikaika-Ke makemake nei anei. I ike aku la ia ia i loko o ke keiki poe akeakamai Alexander. Aristotle i i ka pololei, a me ka hulina hoʻonaʻauao o ke keiki.

Poe akeakamai ikaika e loli ai o ke alii a me kana keiki. No ka laʻana, ka mea, ua pinepine i ka laʻi ka huhu irascible Alexander, ka mea i ho'āʻo ana e hoolohe i ke kumu o ka manao. Mai Aristotleʻo ia i luna,ʻaʻole wale ka philosophical a me ka rhetorical kaʻike, akā, i ka hoihoi i loko o ka sciences maoli, me lapaʻau, a ma i i alakaʻi i ka uku no kona'āina. I kona paipai aʻo kai eʻe, Alexander mau i ke kope o ka Iliad, a Aristotle i mai no ia.

Lyceum

I ka 336 BC, King Philip i pepehiʻia e ka mea kumakaia i waena o kona mau pūʻali koa. Alexander, ua e ku ma ke poo o ka moku'āina, ma hope i kona i ole i manawa e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina. Nolaila, Athens hookahi manawa hou i ho'āʻo ai e ia i ka wahi, kahi Aristotle noho. Kawaihae no ka poe akeakamai i ka hoa kanaka, a hoi aku la a hiki i ka ho omaka. Akā,ʻo ia i lilo i ke kumu ma ka Academy, e like me ma mua. Ke kumu no keia, ua nui oko ao me Plato mau haumana, mālama i kēia mau kulanui.

No laila, i loko o Atenai, he hou kula - Lyceum, a lilo iho la ia i ke poo o Aristotle. Books thinker a me ke kumu o ke kaulana i kana o Laielohelohe i ka nui helu o nā haumāna. Ua laweʻia ma ka inoa o ke kula ma muli o ke koke o ka luakini Apollona Likeyskogo. E like me 'oe ke koho, nolaila, i ka hua'ōlelo ua hele "kiʻekiʻe ke kula."

Hoʻohālikelike me ka Academy

ua lilo Lyceum, a me ka Academy mau enemi ioauoa o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana kahiko. I ka Ia manawa ka mea, i ka like 'ole. No ka laʻana, ka Lyceum i pili me ke akua Apollo a me ka Academy o Atenai i ka luakini. Kēlā me kēia kula i kona iho gymnasium. Ua ua he kula, kahi ana i ao mai ai i ka hoʻokumu paʻaʻana i kaʻike heluhelu, e like me ka hana physical aʻo. I ka wä kahiko Greece, nui kupu ka cult o ke olakino Aloha Hawaii a me ka haʻuki. He nui na poe akeakamai Ua pio ka polokalamu 'âlapa, a me kekahi iʻikeʻia ma ka nâ Pâʻani' Olumepika.

Ke kaulana Aristotle, ka mea, ke i ko lakou noonoo ana ola pilikia i, no ka mea, ua i he kauka. The Academy Ua aia ma ka akau-komohana kula o Atenai, oiai ka Lyceum i aia ma ka hikina o ke kulanakauhale kokoke i ka puka Dioharovymi. Mau wahi i ikeia no kona wai me ka maʻemaʻe inu wai. Aristotle mau i ka manaʻo nui i hooeueu ae la i kona mau haumāna Antisthenes hookupaa nui ae i kekahi kula kokoke. Ua ua Kinosarg.

ʻO nā kūmau o ka poe akeakamai a me ka poo o ke kula i kekahi kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana külana. Ma ke kakahiaka nui, ia i alakaʻi papa me mikanele mau haumana, kūlana tālena, a me kaʻoi naau.

Aia ma hope o ka ahaaina me ka hoa, a i nīnaueleʻepekema, no ka i hooponopono i i ke kino. No ka laʻana, hookahi manawa i kela umi lā au i ka luna hoʻomalu o ka "anaina". Hope ma ka auina la o ka kumu malaila kekahi, ua kīkoʻo akula haʻi'ōlelo a haʻawina ma ka lehulehu e olelo ana nā mākau no ka laulā huahelu o listeners.

Ka Lyceum ua he nui waihona, a o Laielohelohe i ka hana nā haumāna. Ua i ole e holo ai i ka keia lā, akā, me ka i koena hana i kākau i loko o ka Lyceum, i ka nui helu o nā loulou i nā kākau a me ka hana. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole kahaha ko oukou naau ia mākou e hoomanao ai i ka Aristotle no ka mea ua laila Greece. He ua ka kumu o Alexander, ka mea i kona hoa, a Loulou o. Teselonike i ke gula, e kuai i ka loa pohihihi a me ka waiwai buke,ʻaʻole i ka poʻe i loko o ka Platonic Academy.

ʻikepili

Ma na makahiki o kona ola ana i loko o ka Lyceum, Aristotle kakau iho la i kekahi o kona mau loa kaulana hoonoho ma luna o ka moku'āina. Ua kapa ia "kālai'āina". Ua loaʻa i nā kumu o ke o ka pähola 'o ke ana ma ka moku'āina, e like me ka pono me ka ninau o ka hoʻoluhi, kupa,' ohana me ka hapa o ke kaiāulu, a no laila, ma luna o. D. Aristotle ka hana i manao e formulate i ka 'ole o ka maikaʻi polis.

Ka hoonoho Ua maheleia i 8 puke. Kēlā me kēia o ia uhi ana i kēia pukana o ka moku'āina no? Ieoaeunoaa. Ka mea kākau hoʻomohala i nā manaʻo o Plato, no ka laʻana, ua like kā i ke aupuni a ka lehulehu a me ka oligarchy, e like me kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o ui kanaka. A pau keia hoopuni i ke akeakamai o Aristotle. He pokole nānā i nā kumu o ke kue ana i loko o ke kaiāulu kanaka, a me ka hainā. I ka mea kākau moʻolelo no ka manawa mua kaumaha aku e kaʻana ka mana i loko o ekolu māhele: ka hookolokolo, luna a me ka loio. Oia hoi, keia mea i ka'ōnaehana i a ianoiyuaa a i koe i loko o na aina. Inā mea kaulana Aristotle, i ka wehewehena o ka loa 'O ke kaulike a me ka holomua poe hooponopono.

Pakele mai Atenai a me ka make

I ka 323 BC, make iho la ia Aleksandr Makedonsky. Eia kekahi ma Babulona - kona hou kapikala. No ka manawa mua, i hele aku i ka hikina,ʻaʻole hoʻi i ke alii i ai i kā lākou mau'āina a ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i loko o Helene. He hiki i ka palena o Alaska. Kona hou mana i hui he nui kanaka. A pau o ia i kau Hellenism. Eia naʻe, no ka Helene ia lakou iho i ka Macedonians, ua malamaia lakouʻino.

No laila, ma hope o ka make ana o Alexander ma Atenai, hoomaka ae la nationalist olelo. Aristotle ua ma lalo o ka patronage o ke alii. Akā, ma hope o kona hele ana mai i ke ola o ka mea kahiko poe akeakamai,ʻaʻole au e hiki ke hoʻomanawanui, e noho i loko o ke kapikala o ke kipi Greece. I loko nō o ka mea i ka poe akeakamai i hana tirelessly ma kona kula, a, aole loa i haalele ai ia Athens loko o kēia mau makahiki, ka mea, ua nō manaoia he kanaka no ka Teselonike i kumu.

Lyceum ua ole i ia manawa a pau kona waiwai i loko o ka ikaika ano o ka olelo. Ka Honua aʻole i hui ole ia me ka poe akeakamai, no ka mea, ua i he Athenian kupa. Inā naaupo poe kanaka i noi i mea Aristotle, ka mea, pane akula ia mea i ka malihini. I ua i ka hoʻohalahala aku o ka lanakila.

Makahiki Aristotle ke ola i pau ai ma ka mokupuni o Euboea, kahi āna i hoʻoholo i ka hoʻoneʻe i ka huli 'ana o ka maluhia a me ka pilikino. Ua hiki i ka makahiki 322,ʻo ia hoʻi, wale i ka makahiki ma hope o ka haʻaleleʻana Athens. Aia i unconfirmed mana i mea ma ka hohonu ulia poe akeakamaiʻapu kōheoheo lakou ia lakou iho me ka aconite. He He nahesa niho kanu, ka mea uuku mahele lāʻau o ka extract a i hiki alakai i ka naʻau ole.