Alternator: ka mea, o ka pae'ōnaehana rula, i ka manao o

Uila papa o ka papa kuhikuhiEʻano o ka ikehu i ka hana maikaʻi kēia hana i loko o nā mea a pau spheres o ke kanaka ola. He waiho ia ma ka noi likeʻole maomeka, haawi mai malamalama, hoʻomehanaʻana i ka hale, a animates he okoa ka hailonaʻana o nā mea i hōʻike mākouʻana ma ka'āina ma luna o ka Honua. Ua, i kēia 'ano o ka ikaika o ke ao. Mai ia oe ke loaa na mea a pau ia oe makemake, a me ka luku a me ka nui ina hanaʻino aku.

Akā, ua kekahi manawa, i ka wa o ka pou 'ole i kekahi makana ma ke ano maoli, akā,' aʻole i kōkua i ke kanaka. Aha i loli hope o laila? People hoomaka ae la e noiʻi i physicalʻike manaʻo, a ua hele mai me ka hoihoi 'machines - transformers, a, me ka mau, a i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni kēlā lele aku i loko o ko mākou noho maikai ana, hiki i kekahi kanaka e loaa i ka ikehu mai ka mea' ē aʻe.

aʻo laila kanaka e paka uila mai kaʻike mau metala nā mākēneki a me mechanical neʻeʻana - i Aloha a pau. nā mīkini uila i ua kūkuluʻia, hiki no ka hoopakele ana nui mana lua i pele o ka ikehu, o ia mau hōʻailona megawatts. Akā, ia mea hana hoihoi i ka loina o ka hana ana i kēia mau machines mea ole no laila, paʻakikī, a me ka mea i pono e maopopo a hiki i ka teenager. He aha mea he mana mīkini hana wāwahie? E ka ho'āʻo i ka Hoʻokaʻina 'ia mai i kēia pukana.

Ke kanawai o ka electromagnetic a hoʻokomo

Ke kumu o ka helehelena o ka uila kala pono i loko o ke alakaʻi mele o ka electromotive ikaika - emf. He hiki ke e, e hoʻoneʻe i ka hoopiiia (particles), a he nui loa i loko o kekahi mea hiki ke hooheheeia. Kēia mana mea akaka wale ina ke alakaʻi mele Kahalaopuna ka loli ma kaʻume mākenēki kahua pinepine '. Ua like me ia ia iho, ua kapaia electromagnetic a hoʻokomo. EMF mea oi aku, ka nui o ka uku o ka loli oʻume mākenēki koko nalu. Oia hoi, he mea hiki kokoke i ka paʻa Mākēneki e hoʻoneʻe i ke alakaʻi mele, a me ka paa uea ole ke kahua o ka electromagnet, hoololiia'na kona mana, i ka hookoia o ka ia - e hōʻike i ka uila pono i loko o WindowsʻImi Loa.

Ma kēia pukana, nä känaka 'epekema Oersted a me Faraday hana i loko o ka hapa mua o ka XIX kenekulia. Lakou i wehe i ka physical kŰia. A laila, ma luna o ke kumu o ka electromagnetic a hoʻokomo i hoʻonohoʻikena nā mīkini uila a me Hawaii. Interestingly, mau machines hiki wale ke hoohuliia i loko o kekahi i kekahi.

Pehea hana na nā mīkini uila AC a me DC

Ma ka hoʻomaopopo aku i ka uila he mīkini hana wāwahie - he electromechanical mīkini e produces i kaʻikena. Akā, ma ka oiaio ia mea he ikehu mīkini hoʻololi: ka makani, ka wai, wela, i kekahi mea i loko o ka EMF, i mua produces he kala pono i loko o ke alakaʻi mele. I ka nakeke o kekahi mīkini hana wāwahie fundamentally i okoa mai ka paʻa lawelawe loop, i ke ka ao ka waena o kaʻauamo o ke Mākēneki, e like me ia ma ka mua hoʻokolohuaʻepekema. Wale mea nui ka nui oʻume mākenēki koko ua loaʻa ma ka ikaika paʻa Mākēneki uila a oi pinepine. E haapau nei i loop nana e like me ka nunui-huli'ōwili hao, a ma keia la ka mīkini hana wāwahie meaʻaʻole hoʻokahi akā, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ekolu. A pau keia ua hanaia i mea e kiʻi like ka nui me hiki EMF.

Hae uila alternator (a DC) maupaʻa:

• Ei?. Ua hanaʻia ka hana o ke kino i loko o i ka stator ua pili i ka auamo o ka electromagnet. Ua Ua lako pono me ka Anati-kū'ē nā mea pilihao o ka epaepa huila mau lala. Ua ua i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, ka mea no hoi i malama ka holoʻokoʻa pahale hoʻokomo akula mīkini.
• Statorʻume mākenēki auamo. Ua paʻa ke kahua o Kahualoa Kokohiʻume mākenēki koko. Ua ua i ka ferromagnetic kila.
• Epaepa huila a armature. Kēia hoʻoneʻe hapa o ka mīkini hana wāwahie, i ke kumu o ka a rotationally kipaku ka extraneous ikaika. Ma ka 'ōlelo o ka armature i ka pakiko-excitation o Kahualoa Kokohi, a malaila no ka uilaʻikena ua hana.
• Ka hoʻololiʻana wahi. Kēia mall hoa lawelawe 'ana no ka pou hiki aku ai, mai ka hele epaepa huila mau lala. Ua nā lawelawe apo mea i movably pili me ka graphiteʻikena o kaʻohiʻana hui 'ana.

e pili ana DC

Ka mīkini hana wāwahie produces i ka pololeiʻikena lawelawe kaapuni liuliu, ua ke ka ao ka i loko o kaʻume mākenēki saturation. No hoi, no ka mea, i kekahi ikehu o kela a me keia hapalua loop mea kokoke i ka ua -pole. Ke kauoha ma ke alakaʻi mele no ka hapalua huli ua neʻe maila i loko o ka e like me mamua.

E kiʻi i ka wehe 'ana o (particles), i ka ikehu pōpilikia'ʻano papa hana. Kona hiʻona mea i kela a me keia hapalua o ka o Kahualoa Kokohi (maoli) ua pili i ka lawelawe semicircle. Semirings mawaena o lakou iho i paa, a loaa i ka dielectric mea. Iloko o ka manawa, i ka wa a kekahi hapa o ka o Kahualoa Kokohi i hoʻomaka i ka kekahi, ka kekahi laau hapalua ke komo lima o pani i ka pou kaapuni palaki Hoʻokaʻaʻike pūʻulu. Ua huli mai, no kela a me keia maʻi mai kekahi wale 'ano o ka Loaʻaʻia.

Pololei, e kāhea aku i ka ikehu mea i ikaika, a me ka pulsating, a me ka ia polarity. Pulsation aie i ka mea i kaʻume mākenēki koko ma luna o ke alakaʻi mele i kuapo hoʻolako nā i kā mākou a me ka palena iki hopena. E align ka pulsation, hoʻohana mauʻanuʻu ma ka epaepa huila a me ka mana capacitors ma luna o ka hoʻokomo o huakai kaapuni. E emi i kaʻume mākenēki koko pōʻino nahā i waena o ka armature a me ka stator e ka palena haʻahaʻa.

noaia alternator

I ka wā o ka hoʻoneʻe 'ana mākaukau kaua paha ma hoʻomakaʻia lima kūlana kiʻekiʻeʻikena kuapo i loko o conductors kapiliia iʻonou electromotive ikaika me he DC mīkini hana wāwahie. Akā, he uuku hiʻona - ka alternator ÿauhau wahi noonoo i oi. Ma ka mea, kela mea keia mea me kona auaiaea i pili i ka lawelawe apo hookahi.

Ka pae'ōnaehana rula o ka AC mīkini hana wāwahie mea like penei: ka wā hapalua o kaʻanuʻu ala kokoke kekahi laau (kekahi niioaaonoaaiii kokoke i ka mea e ku pono laau), i ka huakai kaapuni kolo ana i ka pono i loko o kekahi ala e hiki aku, mai kona lalo a hiki i ka lani kiekie loa, a waiwai hoʻi i ka 'Aʻohe. Once o Kahualoa Kokohi hoʻololi i kā lākou wahi e pili ana i ka laau, ka he hoʻomaka kona ana i loko o ke ku pono ana i ala e hiki aku i ka ia regularity.

A pau keia huakai kaapuni a ua loaa ma ka hoʻokomo o waveform like me ka sine nalu me ka alapine (frequency) hapa-ale e like me ka kuapo wā o ka epaepa huila mau lala. I loaa i kekahi hale hānai auaiaea hoailona, ai ka alternator alapine mea ikaika, no ka me mechanical hapa o ka rotational wā e e ikaika.

ʻume mākenēki nā mīkini uila kinoea type

No? Ieoaeunoaiʻikena nā mīkini uila, ma kahi o ka metala wahi ponoi ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ke kauoha lawe lawelawe wai koko, kinowai a me ke kinoea i ike i MHD nā mīkini uila. pressurized waiwai hahai maʻume mākenēki kahua ikaika. Ma lalo o ka aoao o ka mea hookahi EMF hoʻokomo kauoha (particles) loaa directional noi, e pili ana i ka uilaʻikena. Ka nui o ke au i ka pololei hapaʻauhau i ka uku o ka hooholo ma kaʻume mākenēki koko, e like me kona mana.

MHD nā mīkini uila mea i ka poe noonoo ole constructive pāʻoihana - ka mea, aole kuapo o ka epaepa huilaʻano papa hana. Mau mana lako e hiki no ka hoopakele ana kiʻekiʻe mana ia auoiaea i loko o ka pōkole wā o ka manawa. Ka mea, i hoʻohana 'ia me eiiet manaʻo a me ka pilikia ana, pilikia wahi, i hiki. Kaʻi lau waiwai hoomaopopo ana hana (COP) o ka mīkini mea kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka mea he uila alternator.

Mīkini hana wāwahie synchronous AC

Aia nō kekahi mau ano o alternators:

• synchronous machines.
• asynchronous machines.

Synchronous AC mīkini hana wāwahie mai i ka ikaika physical pilina ma waena o ka rotational neʻeʻana o ka epaepa huila, a me ka alapine (frequency) o ka mea ua loaʻa uila. Ma ia mau 'oihana, ke epaepa huila - he solenoid akoakoa mai Kora naʻEsau, laau, a me ka pīhoihoi coils. Recent mana mai ka DC kahi Via brushes a me ke komo lima o hui 'ana. Ke stator ka'ōwili hao uea ua interconnected ma luna o ka loina o ka hoku me ka hoʻomaopopo like wahi - 'Aʻohe. Ka mea, Uaʻonou emf, a ua ua loaʻa i kaʻikena.

Ke epaepa huila kumu ua kipakuʻia mawaho mana, nui turbines neʻe nona ka alapine (frequency) ka ikaika a me ka synchronized. Uila kaapuni connectable ia e like me ka mīkini hana wāwahie mea he ekolu-pae kaapuni, i ke alapine (frequency) o ka pono i loko o ka hoʻokahi laina i ka pae 'oni iki ka 120 degere i pili i ka mea'ē aʻe laina. E loaa i ka pololei sine nalu, i ka olelo o kaʻume mākenēki koko i loko o ka nahā i waena o ka stator, a me ka epaepa huila puu waiwai ua like manao o ka hope.

Ke excitation o ka alternator hoʻokōʻia nā kiʻina hana:

1. Hoʻokaʻaʻike.
2. Contactless.

Ma ka huakai kaapuni ana o ka papa excitation o ka electromagnet o Kahualoa Kokohi ua hanaiia ma palaki hui mana, mai kekahi mīkini hana wāwahie. Kēia mīkini hana wāwahie hiki ke hui me ka papa kuhikuhiE mau lala. He IeAUPIIe, IAa IO, ua emi mai ka mana, akā, lawa e hana i kekahi ikaikaʻume mākenēki kahua.

Koke rula eaaaony i ka alternator kumu mai he hou ekolu-pae o Kahualoa Kokohi, ma i i kuapo e poloʻai pule electromotive ikaika ua ua loaʻa a me ka uila. Ua mea ma ka rectifying kaapuni ua lako i ka epaepa huila excitation'ōwili hao. Constructively i loko o ia i ka'ōnaehana i ole e neʻe hui 'ana, a simplifies ka'ōnaehana, e ka mea hou ike loea.

asynchronous mīkini hana wāwahie

Aia ka he asynchronous alternator. Ka mea i kekahi, mai kona synchronous. Aia mea i kūlike loa EMF ke kaumaha ma muli o ka alapine (frequency) i i ka epaepa huila mau lala ke ka ao. Aia ka ia i ka mea like me ka " 'oihana S», a characterizes keia like ololi. 'oihana waiwai ua nānā' ma ka helu ana, no laila, i ka mea i hewa i ka manaʻo i makemake e ole kumu hoohalike i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka electromechanical hoʻokomo Hawaii.

Inā ka mīkini hana wāwahie ua holo kaawale, haawe ana, i ka pono e kahe ana i loko o nāʻanuʻu, e paha i kaʻume mākenēki koko, a ua ālai 'ke kuapo o ka epaepa huila me ka hoʻoholo ma mua alapine (frequency). Kēiaʻano a he kiʻiaka, a, maoli ai, e loli ai i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o EMF.

Hoikehonua, AC hoʻokomo mīkini hana wāwahie noonoo maalea, i ka hoʻoneʻe 'ana i loko o ekoluʻokoʻa hooko:

1. Hollow epaepa huila.
2. Squirrel-nā hīnaʻi manu epaepa huila.
3. Pae epaepa huila.

Oia machines paha e pakiko kūʻokoʻa a me ka pīhoihoi. Ke noaia mua ua hoʻokōʻia o ka hoʻi oʻanuʻu capacitors a me ka mea uholo uila converters. Excitation o kekahi kuokoa type hana i mea hou kumu o AC mana.

nā mīkini uila no ka huakai kaapuni

All kiʻekiʻe-mana mana mana laina paka i ka ekolu-pae uilaʻikena. Ka mea, aia no iloko olaila ka ekoluʻanuʻu, a kuahene alternating paialewa i 'oni iki mai kekahi i kekahi ma 1/3 manawa pae. Inā mākou e noonoo kēlā me kēia kanaka o Kahualoa Kokohi i ka mana lako, ua loaʻa hookahi-pae alternatingʻikena e kahe ana ma ka laina. Ke hoʻopilikia ma na umi o na tausani o volts ke paka i ka mīkini hana wāwahie. 220 ka consumer hookipa mai i ka puunaue mea hoʻololi uila.

Kekahi alternator o Kahualoa Kokohi noonoo maalea, i ka hae, akā, me ka pilina i ka haawe mea a mau hoailona ia mea:

• Star;
• triangle.

Na ke hoʻohana rula o ka AC mīkini hana wāwahie komo pū hoku komo ai pooling a pau kaula ( 'Aʻohe) i kekahi, a hohola aku, mai ka haawe ana hoʻi i ka mīkini hana wāwahie. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i ka hōʻailona (uilaʻikena) ua ho'īli kuhikuhi ma ka exiting'ōwili hao uea (laina), i ua kapaia pae. Ma ka hana pono, ka mea, i loa kaawale, oe eʻaʻole pono e huki ekolu hou kaula e hoʻohui i ka consumer. Ke anakahi uila ma waena o laina conductors a me ka laina, a'ākilikai nā uea iʻokoʻa.

Hoʻohuiʻia triangle mīkini hana wāwahieʻanuʻu i pōkole i kekahi i kekahi ma ka moʻo i loko o kekahi huakai kaapuni. Mai ka maka o ko lākou pili i ka auoiaea laina o ka consumer. A laila, e ole e pono ai'ākilikai nā uea, a me ke anakahi uila ma luna o kēlā laina e ia i ka ia ka nānā 'ana i ka haawe.

Na lanakila ana o hookahi-pae ekolu-pae AC mua ia mea uuku ripple ka wā flattening. Kēia mea, he maikaʻi ia ma luna o ka lako i na mea maalea, o ka oi aku DC Hawaii. No hoi, ekolu-pae pono paha ke he kaʻapuniʻume mākenēki kahua koko i mea hiki, e kipaku aku i ka ikaika loa hoʻokomo Hawaii.

Where pili nā mīkini uila AC a me DC

DC alternators me ka nui loa uuku ma ka nui a me ke kaumaha ma mua o ka AC mīkini. Me ka oi luna 'manao manaʻo ma mua o ka mea hope, e mau nō ia i loko o na mea he nui na hana.

Main hoi o ka makana i loaa ka mea, e like me ke kiʻekiʻe-mämä holo kipaku aku ai i loko o machines kahi māmā hooponopono Ua koi 'ia, no ka laʻana, metalaʻano papa hana, ka'eleweka kumu, ape mea wili. Ma amo mau nā mīkini uila Ua hoʻouka kekahi ma locomotives, likeʻole pahale. A hailona o Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka makani nā mīkini uila i ohi ia ma ke kumu o ke DC anakahi uila kahi.

DC nā mīkini uila i hoʻohana 'ia ma kūikawā-manao kuʻihao, no ka excitation o ka synchronous type nā mīkini uila o nāʻanuʻu like me ka DC amplifiers, e lawa electroplating a me ka electrolysis nā mea hoʻonoho.

Ka hoʻokohu 'alternator - e paha uila ma luna o ka kālepa pālākiō. i kēiaʻano o ka ikehu i haawiia kanaka Nikola Tesla. No ke aha la hoʻololi i ka polarity o ka papa, e makemake ana ia ma mua o ka ikaika ua hoʻomano i hoʻohana? Keia mea aie a hiki i ka nui, e hoike ana i ka hoolilo ana o DC anakahi uila, ua nui ka pōʻino ma na kaula. Ka hou o ka uea, ka mea maluna o ka poho. AC anakahi uila hiki e kaʻi aku ma lōʻihi mamao i ka emi kāki. hiki wale mai la oe i hoohuli i alternating anakahi uila (hakumakuma a me ka ala ana o ia), a i ulu ka mīkini hana wāwahie 220 V.

ka hopena

Man i maopopo pono aku i ke ano o ka magnetism i permeates na mea a pau. A me ka uila ikehu - mea wale nō i ka hapa uuku wale no o na mea pohihihi hamama o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Nā machines i ke kahea ikehu nā mīkini uila, ma ka mea nui loa na mea, akā, i ka mea i ka mea, ke haawi mai, e hiki ole. Akā, i ka oiaio o ka hana mana mea,ʻaʻole ma ka enehana, akā, i loko o ke kanaka naau, i mea hiki ke komo i loko o ka inexhaustible? Aieeeua o nā manaʻo ninini i loko o ka lewa!