Bartolomeo Rastrelli, ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone: Kawaihae, hana. Smolny Hale Pule Nui, ka Winter Palace, Stroganov Palace

Kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Bartolomeo Rastrelli - Mea Hana i na mea he nui o ka pīhoihoi, nani hale. Kona hale aliʻi, a hoʻomana hale e luku mai ana ma ko lakou hanohano a me ka nani, i ka haʻaheo a me kaʻaha. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole kahaha ko oukou naau. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, Bartolomeo Rastrelli, nona Kawaihae mea o ka hoihoi ana i na mea he nui kânaka o ke kālā no kuhikuhipuʻuone, hana, a hana no i Emperor.

Pokole e pili ana i kamaliʻi

Born Bartolomeo Franchesko Rastrelli ma Paris, ke keiki a kekahi loea a me ka maikaʻi-ike Italian sculptor Bartolomeo Karlo Rastrelli. Ua hiki hoʻi i ka 1700, ka wā France alii iho la oia Louis XIV. King nui i hoʻomaopopo ai i kona aloaliʻi sculptor, no laila, wahi wa kamalii Francesco hele akula i loko o contentment a me ka carelessness.

Ke keiki nui loa inquisitive a me ka ikaika. He makemake e hana i kekahi mea me ko lakou mau lima, makemake e mamuli o kona makua kāne, a hone lākou mākau.

Neʻe ana ma Rusia

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o "Sun King" Carlo Rastrelli loaa i kono mai i ka Lūkini hale ma waho ma luna o ka ekolu-makahiki hana i loko o ka'ākau aupuni. I ka manawa, he mea mau loea poe paahana, e hele i ka hana i loko o Rusia, no laila, Rastrelli, Sr., me ka manao i na manawa elua, ho'ākoakoa aʻela i kona ohana, a hele aku la i St. Petersburg.

Capital hālāwai haole loaʻa iā. Ka ohana i noho ai i loko o kona hale iho, a puni pepehi i ka manaʻo a me ka hanohano. Peter I, i'ō i hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha o ke kulanakauhale hou, ia me ka loea artisans lokomaikai, a ekolu. He ike i ko lakou hiki a me ke akamai o ka hoʻomalu lako kauoha, ukali ma ka maikai, heʻoiaʻiʻo aliʻi uku.

Ka hoʻomaka o kaʻike hoʻokumu

Mai ka manawa'ōpio wale nō Bartolomeo Rastrelli hoʻoili ma ka mea zodcheskoy hana ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a me ka hooponopono ana o kona makua kāne. No ka laʻana, ka mea komo i loko o ka pau 'ana o kekahi o ka hale aliʻi o Prince Menshikov - mikiʻala a me ka mana-pōloli Emperor Peter Ally.

Ka mua kŘpa a kuokoa hana ma Bartolomeo Rastrelli (ma ke alanui, i loko o Rusia, he keiki kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone kona inoa a me Baretolomaio Varfolomeyevich) i ka hana o ka-yoa? Iiai i ekolu hale aliʻi o ka pohaku maoli no ka mea illustrious alii, statesman a me ka haumāna Dmitriya Konstantinovicha Kantemira.

Ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Ua i haawi mai kona mua hale kekahi kiʻiona hiʻona a me nā 'ano. No, i kūkuluʻia ka hale i loko o e like me ka nui oluolu kaila o Peter I, ka mea, ua hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o ka piha o ka buke, mōakaaka o articulation a me ka flatness o ka mea helehelena. Kou iho kaila o Rastrelli, e koho hope.

I ka 1720 makahiki, he piʻi wale kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone kekahi mau manawa hele i Farani a me Italia, e lilo ia i kama'āina i ka mea hou ano kū i ke au a me nāʻaoʻao ma ke akamai o ka hale.

pili aupuni upheaval

I ke kakahiaka nui 1930s, ma ka wanaao o ka noho alii ana Anny Ioannovny, Rastrelli, me kona makua kāne hoʻoholo e hookupaa nui ae i ka hou pilina a me Empress hele aku la i kona pepeiao, a lawe i kana keiki me ia, a me ka pahi sketches.

Ke keiki alii wahine, hoʻolaha ana i ka hanohano a me ka hiehie, lokomaikaʻi mai i nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone loea, a hoomakaukau ia mau mea me ka hanohano, e hana i ka hana o kona mau hale. No laila, ke keiki kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone manawa i e hoomaopopo ia iho ma mua o ka empress. A pau o kona mau papahana i ua apono ia, a hoʻokō.

Ka hooilo Palace

Me ka Hekikai o Anny Ioannovny ia i ka manawaleʻa kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone hoʻomaka i ka hana a hiki i kona ola -ʻo ia i waiho i ka hoʻopau i ka papa kuhikuhiE aliʻi hale i loko o St. Petersburg. He aha hana i Bartolomeo Rastrelli? Ke Winter Palace, kūkuluʻia i loko o ke kakahiaka nui 1700s, ka Empress mea uuku a me ka commonplace, no laila,ʻo ia paha aponoia ka pīhoihoi kumumanao o ka hooeueu ae la i kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, e like me ka mea ka mea, ua pono ke kūʻai hoʻi eha e ku ana ma ka hale, a ma ko lakou wahi, e kukulu i ka nani hale eiiieaena.

Ua pau A mau makahiki ma hope o ka hale, a ma mua o nā maka o St. Petersburg hooku iho la ia ia iho maikaʻi i eha-moʻolelo hale, kona mea helehelena huli i ka Neva River, a ua lawa aneane kanahiku moku'āina keena, a ma luna o hoʻokahi haneri lumi, like hoʻi me keaka, gale, Chapel, a me ka puu o ka hana a me ka malama i ka pa.

Ka hale i ua skilfully a koloka hoʻonaniʻia, i ka puni rusticated kolamu a me pediment sculptures, a me ka holoʻokoʻa mua papahele o ka hale noho ia e ka nui gale me kona mau hoaka.

He noteworthy mea i Rastrelli e koke hou hoololi ae i ka Winter Palace. Ua hiki mai ka iwakālua o ka makahiki ma hope, ma ka noho alii ana o Elizabeth.

Ke hou empress loaʻa i ke kumu nui e noho ana o ka Romanovsʻino a me ka ole kūpono i kā lākou kūlana. Ua makemake e hoomahuahua i ka hale kiʻekiʻe a me ka lōʻihi. Ka mea, ua pono e wāwahi i ka hale, a ma kona wahi kūkulu i ka hou, oi kūpono no ka hiki aku o na lawelawe, a o na hang.

Ke kupaianaha 'ole o ka hou Winter Palace, i i kūkuluʻia ma lalo o ka hooponopono ana o Bartolomeo Rastrelli? Ka hale hoohana ae la o umikumamalima haneri keena, a uhi ka wahi o kanaono tausani cubic mika.

Palace ka nunui huinahń kinona, i noho i loko o ka mua a me ka mokuna nunui, ike retracted mea helehelena, a i lako pono me ka hoʻomano hookaawale kolamu a me ample puka makani, window casings o kela ano a me vases lehulehu a me ka poʻe kiʻi, waiho iho la ma na parapets.

Ua mea noteworthy i ka laekahi nānaina o ka Winter Palace, iʻikeʻia e like me ka leʻaleʻaʻeleʻele, Ua kokoke loa hoʻopili like i ka hope papahana o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone nui.

Ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone no Biron

I ka 1730 Bartolomeo Rastrelli helu kuhi puke e pili loa ana mai iaʻu i Biron - he punahele o Anny Ioannovny. Ma lalo o ka patronage o ka uncrowned Auguseto o aliʻi kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o kaʻikena empress. Ma ke ala, Elizaveta Petrovna, ma hope o umikumamalima makahiki, a hiki i ka mana ma ka hale coup, i hoʻomaha ai i nā lawelawe o Rastrelli like me ka luna kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone.

No ka Biron kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone? Acaeoey? A hāpai mai papahana no ke kūkulu a me Mitavsky Rundale hale aliʻi. Eia, ka haku hana i ka unahiʻole, i hana gravitating i ka paʻa 'ole, ai ka Hoʻohaku hehee ai ka elongate kikowaena kino.

Me kēlā hou unuhi aku la ia oe Bartolomeo Rastrelli? Ac? A? Ienoai aa, laina a me nā 'ana i kūpono e lilo hou ea a me ke ola.

Hana ma luna o ka kūkuluʻana. Anichkov Palace

Me ka hōʻeaʻana mai o ka mea e hiki mai ana ma luna o ka loea kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone hoomaka ae la e hele mai hana hoihoi a me ka ono kauoha, kekahi o a i ka pau 'ana o ke kūkulu i ka Fontanka River, kaulana nō ma ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Zemtsov. Luxury hale, kūkulu i loko o ka Baroque kaila, hele aku la ia ma ka mōʻaukala me ka Anichkov Palace. Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli kākoʻo i ke kūkulu a me ka hooko ana i hana nā hale, i nā kinona kohu ai ka palapala "H".

Hana ma luna o ka kūkuluʻana. Peterhof

ʻO kekahi mea o Rastrelli ua reorganization o Peterhof.

Elizaveta Petrovna koʻu naau a pau i makemake i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana a me ka hoʻolako i ka noho ana o kona make makuakane. E hana i kēia, ua kauoha aku e malama i ke ano o ka hale o Petero ka mika a me ka lewa o ka manawa, nae, ua kauoha e kūʻai nō i ka hana o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia grandeur a me ka unahiʻole, i.

Bartolomeo Rastrelli, ua hiki ke hoʻonui, a hoʻololi 'ana i ka hale eiiieaen, haalele kona expressive kikowaena haleʻaneʻane ua hoʻololiʻia. Ma ka aoao o ka mea hamoʻia kino, a kukulu hou halelewa, ai pili aku ia me ka lei mau papa, e like me ka pono i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ke kolu o ka papahele, a ua ulu ka nani loa pāka kahua.

Ka loa nui hehee ai o ka Kalaiaina o ka Peterhof - heʻahā like me ka mau-leo alo keʻena staircase, hoʻonaniʻia me ka'āina hoʻohiwahiwa hoʻopau.

Eia ka mea, na mea a pau - pipiʻi na papakaukau, mea a me ka leo hone pena o ka pā, a me ka stucco, ka lāʻau kalai ana a me ka forging.

Hana ma luna o ka kūkuluʻana. Tsarskoye Selo

Kekahi nui hale pāhana, a ia ia e redone, ua ke kauwela aliʻi noho, Aia ma Tsarskoye Selo. Her Empress noonoo luwahine-puʻu waiū a me ka meaʻuʻuku.

He aha loli he ia e i ma ka mea e hoʻoikaika 'i ke Ana Palace? Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli e hālāwai me ka makemake o ka mō'īʻo ia i ka kūkuluʻana o ka Lūkini baroque kaila, minamina aole i kala, aole hoi i kekahi'ē aʻe paha. I ka mea hoʻonani o facades a me nā kiʻi mai oi ma mua o hoʻokahi haneri kilograms o ke gula.

Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka kūkuluʻana i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone hoʻoneʻe ke Kiure staircase ma ka hema-komohanaʻaoʻao o ka pā kaua,ʻilikai i ka slowness o ka laua pili ana i kekahi i kekahi pāpāiʻawa keʻena; Mamua o ka poho o nā puka makani, e pili ana i ka waiwai hula o ka malamalama a me ka malu; facades hoʻonaniʻia me ka stucco a me sculptures e decorate ia maʻaeʻae uliuli a me ka waiwai gula waihoʻoluʻu. A pau keia i haawi mai ai i ka punahele hale alii o Empress aha lealea hōʻuluʻulu a me ka pili 'ehaʻeha o ka manaʻo.

hou, i ke kumuhana

Naʻe, ke kuhikuhipuʻuone hana ma Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli i kaupalena 'wale i ka ka kūkuluʻana o ka haole, i ke kumuhana. Ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone i hana i kona mau loea a me ka palapala Nails, a kukulu iho la i ka hana maʻamau a me ka pāpāiʻawa hale. I kekahi o kēia mau hale a ua ka Smolny Hale Pule Nui. Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli hooko ia i loko o ka lush a artsy Elizabethan Baroque mika, meaʻai a me ka dormer nū'ōlelo, a pena ma ka pahee malamalama uliuli waihoʻoluʻu.

Ka luna 'o ka haipule hale i hana, a me kona poe. Hale Pule Nui kukulu iaʻelima-na¯ haʻawina, akā, wale he hookahi Dome (me ka nui nui) pololei pili ana i ka luakini, i ka 'ē aʻe eha e bele.

Kekahi loea hana o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o ka Stroganov Palace. Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli hui ekolu hale i loko o kekahi, he pono ole mea helehelena, i ka piko o ka a i hoʻokumu i ka portico me ke kapa ana o na mea kaua, a ua lawe mai ka hapanui Kiure staircase hoʻonaniʻia me ka waiwai stucco a me ka gilt hanaia hao humu, a he akea gale, hoʻonaniʻia me na papakaukau, sculptures a me ka nunui aniani keleawe.

Loko o ka hale neo? Aaiiai? Ke Kiure keʻena āpana o hoʻokahi haneri a me ka iwakaluakumamawalu kuea mika.

napoo ana o kaʻike hoʻokumu

Me ka make ana o Elizabeth hoopoho iho i loko o oblivion pompous a me ka pipiʻi baroque kaila, no laila, Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli au ua mai o ka hana. Ua Ua auou caiaiai ia e ka mea hou haku i hele mai, oi loea ma Contemporary nō. Nele kauoha aʻike piʻi kālā ka pilikia, o ka kūnewa kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone manao e noi aku i ka mai a me ka hele ana i Italia, ostensibly no ka 'inikua lapaʻau.

Eia ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone strenuously huli i nā mea kūʻai mai, akā, ka mea aole i hana. Ma ia laua me keia loea Rastrelli la oia e ao hou i Ana ua häʻawi mai i kekahi kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone. No laila, nui Ikalia loaʻa kaumaha resignation, a he kohu kūpono hoomau i loko o hoʻokahi tausani rubles.

Together me kona 'ohana (mai ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone ua i ka wahine aloha a me na keiki elua) Rastrelli haʻalele Rusia. Ma ke ala no oia me ia me kona onetime haipule Biron, a hoʻouna akula i kona'āina i loko o mea, e restructure a me ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka Courland waiwai o ka mea kahiko kahu aupuni o ka Russian aupuni a pau.

Ua ua olelo mai ia i ka hana hope o ka loea paʻahana lilo i ka papahana o ka Ekalesia o St. Simeona a me St. Anna, a i hooku iho la ia ia i ka manawaleʻa iā kahuna hana kino e helu Panin, e noi aku no ka uku ana he umikumamalua tausani. Naʻe, i ka huina 'aʻole i manaʻo mea pono e pane i ka palapala hoopii Rastrelli, aole nae Kūkulu iholaʻo ia i ka ekalesia ma ka like ana me na Nails, ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone ka make ma hope.

hope lā

Nā makahiki hope ma mua o kona make ana, i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone nui paʻa i loko o oblivion a me ka mehameha loa. Ke ao nei no oe ua hou koi 'ia kona hou hanaia, i kekahi noi mai ia ia e pili ana hou papahana a me nā hale. ʻO ke kaumaha a me ka e kaumaha ana i ka wa aku kā lākou mau lā i ka loea artist. No kaumaha i kona ola kana wahine i ka make ma hope.

Moʻolelo a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a hiki i ka hopena e i ike i ka mau lā o ka make ana o Rastrelli. Presumably, make ihola i loko o March-April 1771. o kona wahi o ke kanu nō IKE OLE IA.

Eia naʻe, haʻalele aʻela ia i hope i ka mea nui, maikai a me ka'āina hoʻohiwahiwa'āina hoʻoili - kana mau hana nui i ka i hele ma o nā kenekulia a me ka popilikia. Ka mea, eia nō mahalo a me ka lealea malihini mai a puni ka honua.