Derzhavinʻike hoʻokumu. HOU i loko o nā hana Derzhavina

Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin (1743-1816) - he poʻokela Lūkini haku mele 18th - i kakahiaka nui 19th kenekulia. Derzhavin ka hana i groundbreaking ana ma na mea he nui i ka mahalo, a ua haʻalele i ka nui hoailona i loko o ka moʻolelo o ko mākou'āina ka moʻokalaleo, me ka hoohuoi ana i kona hou kūpono 'ana.

Life a me ka Hana Hou o Derzhavin

E heluhelu ana i ke Kawaihae o Derzhavin, ka mea, i ke kaulana i ka makahiki i kakahiaka nui o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, aole ia i hōʻike 'ana i ka mea, ua destined ia he nui ke kanaka, a me ka maikaʻi loa ho'ākamai lilo.

Gavrila Romanovich Ua hanau ia ma 1743 ma Kazan mokuna. I ka ohana o ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo ua loa uneventful, akā, no i ka hanohano.

i makahiki

E like me ke keiki, Derzhavin i, e hoomanawanui i ka make ana o kona makua kāne, i worsened i ka 'ohana ka kālā kulana. i ka makuahine, e hele aku i ka nui ka loa, no ka hōʻoia 'ana i kāna mau keiki kāne, a hāʻawi aku iā lākou ma ka liʻiliʻi loa kekahi hoʻonaʻauao a me ka aʻo. kumu maikaʻi i loko o ka'āina, ma ka ohana i noho ai, ua i nui loa, i ke kau mai a me ka poe i hiki i ka hoolimalima. I loko nō o ka paakiki kulana, ilihune ola, unqualified kumu, Derzhavin, hoomaikai i kona hiki a me ka perseverance, nō e hoʻokele e kiʻi i ka kohu kūpono hoʻonaʻauao.

koa hana

Aka, kakau iho la i ka haumāna no ka Kazan gymnasium ka haku mele i kona mua poem. Eia naʻe, e hoʻopau i kaʻu mau haʻawina ma ke kula kiʻekiʻe, ua i pomaikai ae la lakou. Ka mea i ka clerical hewa i hana 'ia e kekahi poʻe kauwā, ua alakai ai i ka mea i ke kanaka'ōpiopio lā i ka makahiki mamua aku nei nō i hoʻouna aku ai no ka oihana hana i loko o Petersburg, ma Preobrazhensky regiment, i loko o ka maʻamau koa kulana. Wale umi makahiki ma hope, ka mea, ua hiki ia nō kū ai i ke ano o ka makai.

Me ka enlistment ola a me ka hana ana o Derzhavin nui hoʻololi. Lōʻihi hana haʻalele iki manawa no ka palapala, ai 'haʻawina, akā, manaʻo huhū i kēia, i loko o nā makahiki kaua Derzhavin kakau iho la oia i ka puu o Humorous poem a aʻo i nā hana a nā kākau, a me ke Kulanui, o ka mea ana i ua pakahi aku la ia koʻi kaua a noʻonoʻo i ke kūlana kŘkohu. German poetry kekahi o Laielohelohe Derzhavin. He ike Kelemānia, a ua komo ma ka unuhi i loko o Lūkini, a Kelemānia haku mele i loko o kā lākou mau poem pinepine hilinai ma luna o lākou.

Eia naʻe, iā Gavrila Romanovich i ole i ike kona papa kuhikuhiE huakaʻi ma ka poetry. He piʻi wale i ka oihana 'oihana i ka hana o ka'āina a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mea pilikia o ka' ohana.

Ma 1773-1774 GG. Derzhavin i ka uhi o ka uprising Emelyana Pugacheva, akā, e hoohaunaele ana a me ka hoʻomaopopo pono o ko lākou mau kānaka apau i mākaukau, aʻaʻole i hapa. Ka loaa ana me ka uku wale ekolu haneri paha, ka mea i hookuu. Kekahi manawa ana puʻe wale akula kēlā iā ia, e hana i kekahi mea ola mea,ʻaʻole he pono ala - ka hoʻokani pepa.

'ana o ke talena

Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo ia i keia manawa,, wehe i na seventies kona tālena no ka manawa mua i ka makana mua. "Chatalagayskie Ode" (1776) o Laielohelohe i ke kuala o ka mea heluhelu, akā, no Turtle mea, a me nā hana o ka seventies ole ua hou oo kuokoa. Derzhavin ka hana ua oi imitative, e like me Sumarokov, Lomonosov a me na mea e ae. Ka ikaika rula o ka prosody, a, e hahai ana i ka Classic kauoha, hoʻolohe i kona mau poem, i ole ae e maopopo hōʻike i nā hanana talena o ka mea kākau.

I ka 1778, ma ka kino ola o ka mea kākau moʻolelo hanaia e olioli loa kekahi hanana - ia i haule passionately i loko o ke aloha, a mare Ana Yakovlevna Bastidon, a ua lilo no na makahiki o kona poetic kukakuka iho (ka inoa Plenira).

Iho ala i loko o ka moʻokalaleo

Mai ka 1779 o ka mea kākau moʻolelo elects kona aoao iho i loko o ka moʻokalaleo. A 1791 mea, ke hana i loko o ka ode Ke 'ano moʻokalaleo, a lawe aku la ia ia i ke kaulana nui loa. Akā, no ka haku mele mea,ʻaʻole pono ia e ka Classic mamuli o keia ikaika ano moʻokalaleo Ke. He hooponoia ia loa hoʻololi i ka 'ōlelo, i lilo ia i unusually resonant, mea naʻau,ʻaʻole e like me ia i loko o ka ana, ka naauao classicism. ka Derzhavin ode, a ideological maʻiʻo loa hoʻololi. Inā mua o ka moku'āina i ka pono he nui, manawa ma Derzhavinaʻike hoʻokumu a i pilikino, aikane oe na hoike ana. Ma keia manao ia foreshadowed sentimentalism me kona kākauʻana ma luna o loka, sensuality.

nā makahiki

I na makahiki hope o kona ola Derzhavin i pau ka moni kākau odes i loko o kona hana hoʻomaka e Kīwala'ō i ke aloha poem, aloha memo, Humorous poem.

Haku mele make iho la o July 8, 1816 ma ka waiwai Zvanka, he wahi ia i aloha ai.

ʻike hoʻokumu Derzhavina pokole

Ka haku mele iā ia iho, manao iho la i kona papa kuhikuhiE kānaka apau i mākaukau hoike i ka fiction "he kūoʻo Lūkini syllable," a ua hui oihana mua o vernacular a me ka kiʻekiʻe kaila, hoʻohuiʻia poetry a me ka satire. HOU Derzhavin ua i loko o ka mea ia ia i hoomaka i ka papa inoa o Lūkini poetry, ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā Halaman a me motifs mai maʻamau o ke ola.

hālāwai ode

Derzhavinʻike hoʻokumu pokole hōʻike i ka loa kaulana o kona mau odes. Ka mea, pinepine coexists wahi lulu, a kāʻeʻaʻeʻa, civic a me ka hoʻomaka. Creation Derzhavina, ke'ōlelo mai hiehie ka mua incompatible hehee wale. No ka laʻana, "poem ma ka hanau ana o ke keiki i loko o 'Ākau porfirorodnogo" hiki ole ke kapaia he halawai ode i loko o ka Classic ano o ka olelo. Birth o Alexander Pavlovich i ka 1779, ua ho'ākāka 'ia me ka hanana nui, a pau geniuses lawe maikai aku ia likeʻole makana -. Ke Anuenue, ka waiwai, nani, etc. naʻe, i ka makemake o ka hope o ia ( "E ma luna o ke kanaka o ka noho aliʻi") Hōʻike i ke alii - he kanaka, i ka mea, ua ole typical no classicism. HOU i loko o nā hana Derzhavina hoikeʻaneʻi i loko o ka läÿau, o ka kanawai a me ka pilikino kūlana o ke kanaka.

"Felitsa"

Ma keia ode Derzhavinʻaʻa e kapa i ka empress iho, a hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana me ia. Felitsa - o Ana II. Gavrila Romanovich Heʻaha like me ka kekahi kanaka, ke'ī mai 'aʻe i ke laila, na ikaika Classic i waha. Ka haku mele mahaloʻia Ana II,ʻaʻole like me kaʻahahui aupuni, akā, me he kanaka naauao, i ike i kona wahi e hele i loko o ke ola, a hahai aku la ia ia. A laila, i ka haku mele 'ana, ho'ākāka i kona ola. Pakiko-irony ka wā hōʻike no ke kuko, ka mea nona ka haku mele, lawelawe 'ana i ka Ua kuapo i ka hanohano o Felitsa.

ʻo ia hoʻi, ke 'ano moʻokalaleo o ka ode, loa hoʻomōhala i ke kumuhana o ka hoolea, i ka haku mele i loko o ka launa memo, ma laila nō nāʻaoʻaoʻelua, a me ka mea nui,ʻaʻole like ka mākaʻikaʻi kela mea keia mea o lakou. Ma ka noho alii ana o Ana II ka haku mele Nui ka mahalo 'loa o nā mea a pau lokomaikaʻi, ke akahai, indulgence, i mea pilikino, kanaka ano.

"Ma ka lawe ana o Izmail"

Ma keia ode depicts he kilohana kiʻi o ka Lūkini kanaka, endearing Turkish pā kaua. Ka ikaika o kona hoohalike mai i na koa o ke 'ano: na olai, kai ai ka makani ino, huaʻi pele paha. Eia naʻe, ia mea,ʻaʻole noho'na makaainana i ulu, akā, mea malalo i ka makemake o ka Lūkini mō'ī, kipakuia mai ma ke ano o ke aloha a hiki i ka'āina. Ka halawai mana o ka Lūkini koa, a me ka a pau Lūkini kanaka, i hoike mai kona mana a me ka mea nui i loko o kēia hana.

"Beach"

Ma keia ode, palapala i loko o 1791,ʻano nui ka mea, lilo ia i kiʻi kahawai, symbolizing ka impermanence o ke ola, honua kaulana a me kanaka nui. Ke prototype i mālama ai me Kivach wailele, ke aupuni 'o Karelia. Waihoʻoluʻu koho waihoʻoluʻu huahana waiwai i loko o kekahi malu a me nā waihoʻoluʻu. Initially ka mea, ua pono i ka hōʻike o ka wailele, akā, ma hope o ka make ana o Prince Potemkin (palaka make ma luna o kona mau alanui i ka hale, hoi mai i ka lanakila ma ka Lūkini-Turkish kaua) Gavrila Romanovich hou i kekahi kiʻi o ka semantic maʻiʻo, a me ka wailele lilo e kû ana i ka fragility o ke ola, a waiho i na mea i loko o ka philosophical Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo Ma o ka wahi nā loina. Derzhavin Ua kino ike me Prince Potemkin, a ua hiki ole pane i kona manawa e demise.

Eia naʻe, Gavrila Romanovich ua mamao mai admirable Potemkin. Ma ka ode ia i kū'ē Rumyantsev - i ka mea, e like me ka mea kākau, he oiaio nae meʻe. Rumyantsev ua he maoli patriot e mālama e pili ana i ka pono,ʻaʻole pilikino ka nani a me ka waiwai. He meʻe ma kona ode figuratively hoʻopili like i ka noho malie kahawai. Walaʻau waterfalls Akä naÿe no nä manoanoa nani e kapiolani muliwai me kona kilohana a me ka laʻi ma piha ka wai mōakaaka. People e like Rumyantsev, malie, me ka fuss, a baila aʻela i kuko ola i ko lākou ola, ke hoʻopio i ka nani o ka lani.

philosophical odes

Kumuhana apau loaʻike hoʻokumu Derzhavina hoʻomau philosophical odes. Ode "Ma ka Makeʻana o Prince Meshchersky" (1779) i kākau Paul ka make ana o ka hooilina, Prince Meshchersky ma hope. A me ka make ua kākauʻia figuratively, ia "Hoʻokala kahi pahi" a me ka "wili ae la i kona mau niho." Heluhelu keia ode, i mua ia i ka manaʻo o keia ano o ka "mele" o ka make. Naʻe, ka mea welau a me ka mea ku pono ana i ka hopena - Derzhavin kahea mai, e manaʻo ola like "wā haawina mai ka lani mai", a ola ia pono, i ka make me ka naau maemae.

anacreontic Lyrics

Hoʻi me kahiko moʻolelo, e hana i unuhi o ko lākou mau poem Derzhavin hana i kona'āhihi i loko i ka Lūkini ano o ka lahuiʻono, ke ola, i ho'ākāka 'ia Lūkini ano. Classicism ma Derzhavina hanaʻaneʻi i undergone i ka loli.

Translation Anacreon no ka Gavrila Romanovich - ia mea he manawa e hele aku i loko o ke aupuni o ke ano, ke kanaka a me ke ola, a i ole wahi i loko o ka ikaika Classic poetry. Ke kiʻi o keia haku mele kahiko hoʻowahāwahā malamalama a me ka lokomaikai ola, loa o Laielohelohe Derzhavin.

I ka 1804 he kaawale paiia o "Anacreontic mele." Ma ka kakaʻina oia wehewehe kumu manao e kākau "malamalama pauku": kakau iho i ka haku mele i kēia mau Verses i loko o kona wa opiopio, a paʻiʻia kēia manawa, no ka mea haʻalele i ka hana, lilo iho la ia i kekahi kanaka, a mea e noa, e hoolaha ka mea ana i makemake.

hopena o The

Ma na helehelena o kaʻike hoʻokumu Derzhavin i loko o ka ma hope wā loaʻa i ka mea ia i keia manawa, ua aneane ekolu pohaku e kākau odes, a hana i ka pili kēia lyrical hana. Ka poem "Eugene. Zvanskaya Life", kākau i loko o 1807, wehewehe i ka kela la i keia hale ke ola o nā aliʻi kahiko e noho ana i loko o ka'āina hoʻohiwahiwa kua'āina ohana waiwai. Ke noiʻi mai la oia i keia hana i palapala ia ma muli o ka mele kanikau Zhukovsky "Ja" a ua he polemic incipient Romanticism.

Ma ka hopena o lyric Derzhavina hai aku a me ka hana "Kapaau", ua piha oia me ka manaoio ma ka hanohano o ke kanaka i loko o lea o ka'īnea, vicissitudes o ke ola a me ka mōʻaukala loli.

Value hanaia'na Derzhavina ua nui loa. Hoʻomaka 'ana Gavril Sergeyevich hoomau hou' ana o ka Classic ano o Pushkin, a me loko o ka wā e hiki mai, a me nā Lūkini haku mele.