Earthenware - He aha ka mea? E hoolilo ana i Pottery

Porcelain a me ka earthenware - keia mea i ka loa paʻakikī (ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka manufacturability)ʻano o ka pālolo huahana. No ka mea, ma luna o umikumamalima kenekulia, ka mea i hoʻohana no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o tableware, souvenirs, Kalaiaina 'ikamu, mea helehelena lāliʻi.

He aha ka mea - faience? He aha 'ano o ka porcelain i laila? Pehea ulu porcelain hana i loko o kēia Rusia? Pane i kēia mau nīnau hiki ke loaʻa i loko o kā mākou 'atikala.

Earthenware - He aha ka mea? I ka moolelo o ka earthenware

"Faience" - He hua'ōlelo a Italian kumu. Ua Ua 'ana ua hoʻopili i ke kulanakauhale o Faenza, a i lōʻihi Ua nui i waena konu o ka pālolo? Iecaianoaaiiuo maʻEulopa. He aha ka mea - faience? He anuanu a finely porous pālolo 'atikala. Nō kāu, ka mea i he keʻokeʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka glaze uhiia (aniani moakaka a hoopaa hoi i).

Faience (e like me, nō, a me ka porcelain) ninoieo o ka eha maoli nā mea hoʻohui. Kēia kaolin, pōaka, feldspar, poepoe palolo. Material i anao? Aou makou i ka ikaika, no laila ka mea, ua nui uhi glaze. Ma muli o ka haku mele 'ana pee no kekahi mau ano o ka Pottery:

• alumina;
• Lime;
• fireclay;
• feldspar (i ka likeʻole ma o loa mahaloia).

Pela, ua ike ia keia Pottery. Kēia huahana o ka mua manawa aʻoʻia, e hana i kaʻAigupita a me ka Pākē (puni V kenekulia). Hope, ma ka Middle Ages, Pottery i loko o Korea, Iapana a me Iran. Ma Europa, "beauty" o kona? Iecaianoaaiiuo hiki wale i loko o ka XVI kenekulia.

I ka lā, i ka maikai Pottery i loko o ke ao nei hua'āina e like me Hawaii, France, Japan, UK, Kina a me Italy.

Porcelain a me kona Lolina

Ka hua'ōlelo "porcelain" hele mai ana, mai ka Peresia faghfur. Kēiaʻano o ka pālolo i mea mau nō, kinoea, a me ka wai e kū'ē'ē mai. Porcelain loaa ma ka ae hoʻolele kaolin me ka hou o ka feldspar, pōaka a me kekahi'ē aʻe eiiiiiaiou. Ma kēia kaʻina, ke kūpono nā mea maemae keʻokeʻo, maikaʻi, a ringing.

Ua Ua manaoio ia porcelain "invented" ka Pākē i loko o ka VI kenekulia. A ua ua loaʻa i ka poʻeʻEulopa wale nō ma hope o ka tausani makahiki o ka 'enehana manufacturing. Lōʻihi ma mua o kona loaʻa iā Central Asia, pili kēia i ke silika Alanui. I ka pau ana o ka XVII kenekulia hoomaka ae la e paka porcelain ma Amerika, a ma ka hoʻomaka o ke XVIII - i loko o Rusia.

Aia i ekolu ke ano o ka porcelain, i OAOOUIEeE me ka nui loa i loko o ka pono a me ka papa kuhikuhi ano.

• paa (Reference porcelain loaa mai ma ka kiʻekiʻe wela kī pūʻana, ka mea iki opaque);
• iwi (i kēia 'ano o ka porcelain hua aie i ka hou ana o ka läÿau, o ka make wela iwi, ia mea Lightweight, moakaka a me ka loa mau nō);
• pahee (he kūikawāʻano o ka porcelain i ku loa porosity, a me ka nani holika waihoʻoluʻu).

Ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ana i Pottery

Earthenware, Kina a me ka me, ua hanaʻia ma ka aneane i ka hookahi huakai kaapuni. Technologically, ia mea heʻano huikau kaʻina hana, i ka loaʻa o kahi o 80 kekahi mau hana. I ka mau, i kekahi ke hoomaopopo elima ka papa kuhikuhi kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o whiteware huahana.

1. Hoomakaukau mua (hoʻohuihui me ka wai a me ka kaolin lepo, palaoa a me ka wili pohaku, ea nuipa a hoʻomākaukau).
2. Ho okumu ana o ka huahana.
3. Ka maloʻoʻana - ka mua (i loko o ka palapala) a me ka hope loa.
4. Kuni huahana (loa pinepine hoʻohana he mau-manawa o ia kī).
5. Glazing a me ka meaʻai me nā huahana (pena hiki e under- paha glaze).

Ke porcelain Ua wehewehe aku ma ka Pottery?

I mau, porcelain mea,ʻaʻole nui okoa mai ka Pottery. A me ka inexperienced kanaka e e paakiki e hooholo i ke ano o ka Pottery ma mua o ka ona. Eia nō kekahi mau kī heluʻai mea e kōkua ai i hoomaopopo porcelain mai Pottery:

• me hapa o ka earthenware pālolo nui aku (ma kahi o 85% o ka huina kaumaha);
• ka wā e nānā i ka mea ma luna o ka malamalama e poha mai ma porcelain a me ka earthenware -ʻaʻohe;
• Porcelain ua mau ringing, i ka wā i ka malamalama 'enehana hou, faience a me kī ana i ka hoopaa hoi i kani mea haʻahaʻa;
• ma manawa, o ka huina hoonui o ka earthenware uhi me ka cobweb o ka uuku mawae, ia mea,ʻaʻole typical no ka porcelain;
• Pālolo huahana i IeAUPIIe, IAa IO mea kaumaha ia ma mua o ka like huahana mai porcelain;
• Porcelain He mau keʻokeʻo, akā, i ka Pottery i i keʻano o ka malu.

Porcelain hana i loko o kēia Rusia

Porcelain hana nei he lala no ka malamalama, a hana specializes i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o he pālolo - tableware, figurines, crockery, Kalaiaina 'ikamu a me ka like souvenirs. I Rusia, hoomaka ae la kona mōʻaukala i ka 1744 i ka wa o ka hola mua i hoʻonohonoho i loko o St. Petersburg. Ma ka XIX kenekulia ma ka ?? eoi? O ke aupuni a pau, he mea ano na umi o nā hale hana no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o porcelain a me ka earthenware. Ma ka Soviet au, ua pākolu o ka helu ana o ia mau hui.

I kēia lā porcelain hana o Rusia e hele ana ma kona oi manawa. Ke aupuni i 11 wale poʻe i loko o ka hana. It mea kanu:

• Kislovodsk "Porcelain Phoenix."
• Andreapolsky porcelain hola.
• "Porcelain Sysert".
• "Kuznetsovsky porcelain".
• Gzhel porcelain hola.
• PC "Dulevo porcelain".
• "Bashkir porcelain".
• "Porcelain Verbilok".
• Imperial Porcelain hola.
• Rechitsky porcelain hola.
• PKF "Kubanfarfor".

I ka luna o ka porcelain? Iecaianoaaiiuo i loko o Rusia o ka imperial Porcelain hola (IPF) i loko o St. Petersburg. Kona huahana i ua ana hoʻolilo i kekahi mau aina. Products IPE hooku iho la ia ma ka leʻaleʻaʻeleʻele, London a me New York Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha.