He aha ia mea: no ka thermal noi? He aha manaÿo e pili pū ana iā ia?

Nā hanana o ke kino ao ua inseparably ua hoʻopili i nā loli i ana wela. Me ia, a pau halawai ma kakahiaka kamaliʻi, i kona wa i Cuticura ke ia hau anu a me nā kapuahi e ka wai'ā. I ka Ia manawa hele mai i ka hoomaopopo ana i ka mahana loli keʻano o ka hanaʻana mai e ana nei. Hope i ke kula, nā haumāna aʻo i ka mea, ua pili i ka thermal noi. A me keʻano o ka hanaʻana e pili pū ana i ka mahana koho i kekahi lālā o ke kālaikūlohea.

He aha ka ka mahana?

Kēia scientific manaʻo i hoʻolauna e puku i kaʻike mau hua'ōlelo. I ka maʻamau o ke ola, mau e hōʻike 'olelo e like me wela, anuanu a me ka pumehana. A pau o ka lakou olelo ana e pili ana i ka degere o ke kino wela mai. I ka ka mea, pehea ua ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o ke kālaikūlohea, a me ka mea hou i ka mea mea he scalar a pau. Ma hope o ka mahanaʻaʻohe kauoha, akā, wale i ka helu.

Ma ka hoʻonohonoho 'oihana o ka huahelu (Si), ka mahana ua anaia mai ka manawa i loko o kekelē Kelekia ma (° C). Akā, ma na mea he nui nā papakuhikuhi hōʻike no thermalʻike manaʻo, koi 'ia e unuhi ia ma Kelvin (K). No keia mea, aia no he mea haʻilula: T = Halau + 273. It T - i ka wela i loko o Kelvin, a, t - ma ka Kelekia. Me ka Kelvin me ka unahiʻole pili i ka manaʻo o ka loa 'Aʻohe.

Aia i kekahi mau ana wela unahi. Ma Europa a me North America, no ka mea hoike, i loko o ka papa Fahrenheit (F). No laila, ka mea e e hiki i ka palapala ma ka Kelekia. E hana i kēia, mai ka mea hoike ma ka F nui unuhi i 32, alaila, e puunaue ia ma 1.8.

Home hoʻokolohua

Ma o kona wehewehe ana i ka pono, e ike i na mea e like me ka wela, thermal noi. Ae, a lawe mai i ka hoao ana maʻalahi.

No ka mea, ua koi 'ia e lawe ekolu poʻina nalu. Ka mea, e nui e lawa i ka mea hiki oluolu kupono i ka lima. Hoopiha i ka wai ma kekahi mau mahana. Ma mua ka mea, pono e loa anu. Ma ka lua o ka - mehana pono. I ke kolu o ka ninini wela ka wai, kekahi ma i mea e e hiki ke malama i ka lima.

Ano, i ka hoao ana iho. Lower lima hema i loko o ka ipu o ka wai huihui, i ka akau - a me ka mea kaua. E kali oe i kekahi mau minuke. Lawe ia mai a koke hookomo iho i loko o ka ipu o ka mehana ka wai.

Ka hopena e e unexpected. Hema lima ka mea, makemake mea i ka mea mahana i ka wai, pono ma laila ma ka manao o ka wai huihui. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i ka mea mua 'ia paha thermal equilibrium me ka wai i loko o a nā lima i hoʻouna ma ka moku mua. A laila, i kēia koena ua nui ko lakou kupikipikio.

Ke kumu nui i hoakaka ia no ka hakakino-kinetic kumumanaʻo

Ua wehewehe a pau thermalʻike manaʻo. Akā, i kēia mau assertions i loa noonoo ole. No laila, i ko laua kamailio ana i ka thermal noi o kēia mau mea i ho'ākāka 'pono, e ike.

Mua, he waiwai i hanaʻia ma ka minuke i (particles), Aia ma kekahi mamao mai kekahi i kekahi. A, mau (particles) e ia me nā lātoma a me nā'ātoma. A me ka mamao ma waena o ia mea i na manawa he nui huna nui like 'ole.

ʻO ka lua, i loko o nā waiwai i laila mea i ka thermal noi o na nā lātoma, a aole loa aɃe. Nā (particles), ke'ōlelo mai hoʻoneʻe randomly (chaotic).

Ekolu, na (particles) launa pū '. Kēia keia mea aie a hiki i kaʻaoʻao o ka attraction a me ka repulsion. Lākou nui hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mamao ma waena o ka (particles).

E hooiaio ai no ka mea mua kulana a hiki i ka ILC

Kekahi hōʻike i ke kino ninoieo o (particles), ma waena o i loaʻa nā wahi i wāhiʻia, o kā lākou thermal? Anoe? Aiey. Ke'ī mai, i ka wa a ke kino ua enaena, kona nui, piʻi pū. Kēia ia lŘlŘ aie i ka wehe 'ana o (particles) mai kekahi i kekahi.

Kekahi hōʻoiaʻiʻo aku o ka mea i olelo mai ka maholahune. Ia mea, anal o na nā lātoma o ka waiwai ma waena o na (particles) o ka mea 'ē aʻe. A me keia neʻe mea ae. Maholahune i wahi hou hoʻomaka koke, me ka hou a kaʻawale lākou na nā lātoma i hoonohonoho. No ia mea, me ka manao lokahi anal o ke kinoea ia lŘlŘ nui māmā ma mua i loko o ke kinowai. A me ka puaʻa hiwa i ka maholahune koi 'ia makahiki.

Incidentally, i ka la mahope wehewehe i ke kaʻina hana, a me ka thermal noi. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, me ka manao lokahi anal o nā mea i loko o kekahi i kekahi ia lŘlŘ me kekahi ma waho 'ākeʻakeʻa. Akā, ka mea hiki e hōʻeleu i ka wela kino.

Eʻae lua o ka wahi MKT

Maopopo maopopo i loaʻa mea thermal ana - o ka Brownian noi o (particles). Ua Ua manaʻo no ka wehe '(particles), oa ka poe i mea kūpono kou nui nā lātoma o ka waiwai. Mau (particles) e e lepo (particles) a mānoanoa. A wahi ia nui ka wai a me ke kinoea.

Ke kumu no ka kaulele neʻeʻana o (particles) kaulia ana i loko o ka mea ana ma luna o nā mea a pau aoao ia hana lātoma. Lākou hopena randomly. I ka nui o ka hopena i kēlā me kēia manawa mea okoa. No laila, i ke kūpono mana ua kuhikuhi ia ma kekahi ala e hiki aku, a laila, i loko o kekahi ao ao.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka māmā holo o thermal noi o na nā lātoma, i mea he kūikawā inoa no ka mea, - ke kumu hemolele ahalike. Ua hiki ke ho omaulia ma ka haʻilula:

V = √ [(3kT) / ka m _0].

It T - i ka wela i loko o Kelvin, ka m ₀ - nuipa o ka hookahi lātoma, K - Boltzmann a eia i (k = 1,38 * 10 ^-23 J / K).

E hooiaio ai no ka kolu o kaʻoihana o ka ILC

ka mea, o Laielohelohe nā (particles), a kipaku. I ka wehewehe ana i na mea he nui keʻano o ka hanaʻana pili me thermal noi, Ua nui keia ike.

Ma hope o nā mea a pau, na koa o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka physical moku'āina o ka mea. No laila, loaʻa nō i kinoea kokoke, no ka mea, (particles) e wehe 'ia nei, ua nui i kā lākou hana, aole ia i kānāwai. Ke kinowai, kinopaÿa i kekahi ', a i waho pūnaewele ka leo o ka mea. I ka hala, ka mea nae i, a malama i shape.

Hoike o ke ola o ke koa o ka attraction a me ka repulsion koa o keʻano o ka elasticity i loko o ka deformation kino. No laila, no ka mea, e holo ana i ka hoʻokāʻoi 'uʻi koa ma waena o nā lātoma, a me ka mīkini'opihia - repulsion. Akā, i loko o nā hihia hoʻi ka mea, i ke kino i kona kikokikona shape.

Ka awelika ikehu o thermal ka noi

Ua hiki ke palapala mai i ke kumu o kekahi pane helu kaulike MKT :

(PV) / N = (2E) / 3.

Ma keia haʻilula, pa - puʻe, V - ka leo, N - helu o nā lātoma, E - ka awelika kinetic ikehu.

Ma ka kekahi lima, keia helu kaulike hiki ke palapalaia e like me:

(PV) / N = Kt.

Inā e hui pu iho la ia, e kiʻi i nā kēia helu kaulike.

(2E) / 3 = Kt.

Ua hahai mai ia i ka haʻilula no ka mea kinetic ikehu uuku o na nā lātoma:

E = (3kT) / 2.

Kēia Hōʻike i ka ikehu ka hapaʻauhau a hiki i ka wela o ka waiwai. Ia mea, me ka hoomahuahua i na (particles) hope ne e wikiwiki. 'O kēia ka pā like o thermal noi, i nei like loa me he mea kekahi wela'ē aʻe ma mua loa' Aʻohe.