He aha ka ka moku'āina-nona poe: hiʻona, pomaikai. Rusia ka nui loa moku'āina-waiwai a poe: List, Ratings

Ka pōʻaiawaiwai o kekahi aina e ma muli o ke ana o nā pāʻoihana e ma ko lakou auhau uku a hiki i ka aina o kekahi pahu i hanaʻia e like me ka hopena o ka maikaʻi koena. I ka loaʻa nui o ke kālā i loko o ka mana, ma ka huli, - i ke ki i ka holomua ola, he kumu hoʻomalu o ka palekana, pono o ka aina, kona hale lio ulu. Kekahi o na kumu nui kumu o ka makahiki kona i na manawa a pau i loko o ke kino'āina i manaoia moku'āina-waiwai poʻe, he papa inoa o ka a mākou i kūkākūkā i ka au mamuli meʻoe i loko o kēia 'atikala. pāʻani kēia poʻe he nui kūlana i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai aupuni, a me kekahi manawa e noho ma ke alakaʻi o nā hana i loko o kona niche.

Hoomaopopo ana i ka moku'āina o ka hui

Kēia mau kālā kulanui hiki e wäwahi okoa i loko o kā lākou mau uea, akā, ma ka mau, i kekahi mau mea like. Penei, o ka moku'āina-nona poʻe - o ka hui a hiki e ana i kekahiʻaha hui-loio i palapala. A, kona paa waiwai nova ma ka moku'āina, kekahi 'ana paha kulanakauhale. Man- akia i hoonoho iho ai i kā lākou mau kia (hana ma ka aelike) lehulehu Aupuni. He waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo ka kēia mea: ka moku'āina poʻe mau alakaʻi ole wale ma ka huli' ana no nā kumu nui loa o ka makahiki, akā, i paio e hālāwai me ka pono o ka hui, e like me ka inoa iho hōʻike ana i ka hui mai nei i ka moku'āina mea he walaʻauʻana hehee ai o ka hana ana ma ke kūlana o ka mea nāna i hana, a consumer.

Ka papa kuhikuhiE i hoakaka ia

Kekahi moku'āina-waiwai hoa a pau:

• Ua Ua koi ia i kekahi hōʻailona ma luna i ua depicted ka State höʻailona o ka Russian Hui. Nō hoʻi, e ke kii o ka puka me ka inoa piha o ka hui.
• Ua he hamama buke me ka Pekelala Waihona, a me ka pono e weheʻikena hoike ma kapa 'ole' ē aʻe aie kulanui no kekahiʻano o ke kālā hana.
• Ua aʻole i kekahi kapu ma ka makahiki o kona hana.
• Nae e hoolaha piha hoike ma luna o kā lākou mau hana ma lalo o ke kānāwai.
• Ua i nā kānaka apau e hana ai no ka hana o ka hoʻolimalima i makahiki kona, mai ka ha awina no i ka mea i hanaia. Ma hope o uku o nā uku a me na auhau koi e pili kānāwai, ka Company i hoʻohana mea i koe, 'o ia hoʻi, e kū i nā Pahuhopu i hoakaka ia ma ka Pekelala kānāwai.
• Ua ua ole nae e hālāwai me na kuleana, ia ma ka Russian Hui. I huli ai oe, o ka Russian Hui mea i kuleana no nā kumu'āi'ē o ka huakai.

kuleana

State-iā lākou poʻe ma lalo o ke kanawai e:

• E wehe i ko lakou mau oihana, a ho okumu ana i kekahi mau lālā.
• E kekahi lala o ka ahahui, a me na ahahui.
• E komo i loko o loio i aelike.
• I kā lākou mau hōʻailona (pennants, hae,ʻihiʻihi, a me nā hōʻailona) a, e hooponopono i ke kaʻina hana no ka hoʻokomo a me ka hana i loko o kā lākou mau iauaeoia, a kaa.

O ka papa kuhikuhi pono no ka limahana

Pinepine moku'āina-mea a poe, a maika i helu 'ia ma lalo iho nei, e ole hiki ke kaumaha ma luna uku i kona nā limahana pa alima (i ke koe hiki wale e kula kiʻekiʻe' man- akia). I ka Ia manawa hana ma luna o ia ka hui e e uniquely chotkom i kulike ai me na Hana Lima Code. Ma hoʻi, i kēia e manao no ka awelika kanaka, i:

• Ua Ua ua hoʻohiki e kiʻi i kou komoʻana i loko o ka Haʻawina Haumana. No hoi me ka hana aelike e e kakau inoa, aole ka ole.
• Me ka uku e e mau ana a pau pono auhau a me ka OAXA nā haʻawina a hiki i ka moku'āina Bedroom, a 'o ia hoʻi i ka mea e e ole hoopii mai ka oihana auhau.
• He E e kupono no OAXA uku makahiki mai, maternity haalele iho, maʻi mai.
• Ka mea, eʻAʻole e ki me kaʻaeʻana me nā mea a pau i ke kanawai puʻe wale rula, a koi (i kakahiaka nuiʻeleu, severance hookaa ana, a no laila, ma luna).
• E hana ana i ka lā e e normalized, ka mea e i ka uku no ka overtime a me ka hopena pule hana ma e like me ke kānāwai.

Ua mea i nui ka mea i moku'āina-hoʻopiʻi i poe nui no ka hana imi e ukuhi i emi stringent koi ma ka makahiki, ma mua o kekahi i kekahiʻahahui. He mea oi loa aku hoi oiaio no ka poʻe ma luna o nā makahiki he kanahā, a ma keia la i ka hae i ma kamepiula ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka hana.

Western LIKE

Ma na capitalist aina o ke komohana hapa o ko ke ao nei no ka hala loa kekahi manawa, he mea he ano hiʻona o ka hale lio, i mea like penei: opiopio kanaka initially kūkulu lākou mau 'oihana,' a me ka hōʻoia 'oe ia oe iho i ka mea kumu maikaʻi no ka wā e hiki mai ana ma kekahi kūlana hoʻoneʻe kaua a me ka hana. Ma hope iho o ia, a puni ka makahiki o 40-45 makahiki, e hoʻololi i hana, a hele i ka moku'āina-mea a poe, i ka hiʻona o ka a, ma ka huli, ae i ke kanaka, e hoʻonānea i kekahi mau mea, no ka mea, ma ia mau papa hana emi ikehu hana, a me ka hoomau maikai a me ka lawelawe mālama ola, a loaʻa iā e loli ai i ka i ka pono a me ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ke ola. Eia hou kekahi, moku'āina-iā lākou poʻe kākaʻikahi i hoʻolaha pāʻoihana ma luna o kā lākou 'oihana i loko o ka nui honua o ka Internet, a me ka pinepine o ka hapanui a ua hoʻopili loa cooperating me nā hana kūkaʻi a kulanakauhale lawelawe.

rula hanaia'na

E pili ana i ka moku'āina-waiwai poʻe a ua hooponopono ma ke kānāwai. Ma keia hihia, eʻoiaʻiʻo, e lilo i ka papa alakaʻi (Luna papa) o ka ahakanaka (nā - ke kiekie kino o ka papa).

Ka mālama 'ana i ke kino o ka hui ke kamaʻilio i ke kēia nīnūnē:

• Apono i ka polokalamu o ka hana no ka wā lōʻihi o ka manawa. Kēia palapala i komo i loko o ka manaʻo o ke-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, kālā, waiwai kūʻai hana ana, ina ka mea, ua hoʻokumu 'ia e ke aupuni pekelala kānāwai.
• E hoʻike i ka loina o ka uku hana, a e e hoʻolako 'ia e ke kaukaʻi ana o ka uku kiʻekiʻe o ka e piʻi like ana o kī hana nā hoailona.
• Ho oholo i ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka poe o ka waiwai.
• Hooholo ma ka hoololiia ana o ka mea waiwai o ka hui a hiki i ka moku'āina waihona o ka Russian Hui.

E like me ka lokomaikai kiekie kino, e loaa ka mana e hana kūikawā Komite a me nā kauoha, e hana me nā nīnūnē. Ka pae'ōnaehana kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokumu hale a me kā lākou mau pilikino, a laupaʻi haku mele 'ana nānā' ia e ka olelo hooholo kaawale o ka Luna Board.

State-iā lākou poʻe i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai

Russian moku'āina-waiwai poʻe i alakaʻi o nā kūlana hana i loko o nā hana o oicyenoaaiiie nāʻoihana Hui. Eia naʻe, loaʻa nō nāʻoihana ma ke alo o ka lehulehu kulanui ka loa haʻahaʻa (no ka laʻana, lanahu hoʻouku, ka malamalama, a me ka ai na hana).

Wale 9% e pili ana i ka moku'āina hale i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kanakaʻona mau huahana. Kēia i wale hiki i ke aloha i ka "Tatspirtprom" a me ka "Bashspirt".

Ia i lawa haʻahaʻa huahelu - 9% - typical no ka moku'āina poʻe a me ka? Ieoaeunoai.

Ke anal moku'āina kanawai i loko o kaʻiʻo pepa a me ka pepa hana mea ma kahi o 12%. Ka uku o mea wale nō hoʻokahi moku'āina-waiwai a poe donates i ka Waihona - Pekelala State Unitary hana "Gosznak". Ke kumu waiwai o ka mea ia i loko o keia wahi no na makahiki waiwai ia e kekahi poʻe, a ua kūpaʻa mau.

Nā kele'ōlelo kaiaulu Ua 'ole ma o ka moku'āina wale 14%. I ka papa kuhikuhiE aupuni huiʻaneʻi ka "Rostelecom". April 1, 2011 e pili ana i ka mea he ewalu o nā 'āina poʻe o "Svyazinvest" a me ka helu o ke aupuni pekelala moku'āina unitary hana.

State komo i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o Hawaii kaa, eeia a me kalaka nui-eeia o 17%, a ma ka hana ana o ka lako a pan a me ka hana - 15%.

ʻano nāwaliwali kulana o ka moku'āina keiki i loko o ka pōʻalo o i eliia o kela mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a metallurgy. Here, moku'āina-iā lākou poʻe i 3 wale% i 'ole-ferrous metallurgy. I ka Ia manawa kila hana ua maopopo waiwai e kekahi kanaka.

Oil. Ke aupuni hoʻi iā 23% o ka hana. State hooponopono mea ku pono i ka waiwai o ka "Rosneft" a me ka "Gazprom Neft".

Uila mana e pili ana i ka moku'āina hale a ma ka 35%. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kaʻana like i loko o ka Moscow māhele 'āina ( "Mosenergo" MOESK) a me ka pekelala' ole.

Ua haawiia i ka moku'āina nona oi ma mua o ka hapalua o ka "Gazprom" puu, hooponopono o ke kinoea hana i ka aina, he 48%.

57% - i ka mea i pau nui i ka moku'āina-iā lākou poʻe i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kekahi moku, a me ka makahiki mokulele. Ke aupuni o ka oihana ka loa ikaika i loko o ka Ufa Pake Lolina Ahahui, Kazan helekopa Plant, he mokulele hola i loko o Ulan-Ude, ka United Shipbuilding Company.

Ka ikaika ole o ka nui moku'āina-waiwai poʻe i loko o ka halihali hana - 73%. Here hele mai i ka mua aeaciui ai, ka aila a me ka kinoea pipelines. Hoino aku amo ua kauoha aku e JSC "Russian aeaciua ai", i ua loa nova ma ka moku'āina. Pipelines mea ma lalo o ka "Transneft" hooponopono, a me ke kinoea pipelines -. "Gazprom"

alanui monopoly

State Company "Lūkini alanui" Ua hana a me ka hana wale nō no ka mea o ka lawelawe oihana o ka Customer i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka manao, no? Ieoaeunoaa,? Aeiino?, Overhaul a me ka mālama 'ana i ke alanui. Ke anaina Ua kekahi hana i loko o ka hoʻolālā o ke kalepa (me pele mana o ke amo), kaulike i ka pono nui o ka hana (wikiwiki, oluolu, maluhia), i ka uku no ka pono o ka uku alanui, ke hoʻoponopono i ka hoʻolako 'ia o ke alanui palekana, loiloi i kaa pae'ōnaehana ano o na alanui . Eia hou, i ka moku'āina oihana hoʻolako ke kuka mau, 'enekinia, a me nā lawelawe i pili i loko o lākou i koho poepoe o ka ha awina. I waena o kona mau hana nā pai ana, a nona ma ka hanaia'na o ka Mea Maluna Iho o ka Russian Hui alanui. I ka poe i hana, e kakau mai a pili kū hoʻokahi maomeka e hooponopono kalepa ae la lakou kahe, e malama i ka mooolelo o ka ulia holo 'awelika ma na alanui. I ka Ia manawa ka hoʻolālā i nā kānaka apau e waiho i ka moku'āina Ka hoʻolilo 'ia kona aaiuo, ke hoʻohana i ke alanui kaiaulu.

E hana i kekahi moku'āina-mea a poe, ka mea i hooholoia July 17, 2009. Ke kumu o kona hana ua kakau inoa ia e Dmitry Medvedev, Federal kanawai.

I ka 2014, ka moku'āina huakai "Lūkini Alanui" Ua hiki aku i ka berita a me ka Russian Direct waiwai kūʻai dala ma ke ami hoi i,ʻo nā kānaka hoʻopukapuka kālā i loko o nā hana o ka poepoe o ka amo aeuiiai ieaia?. Kēia 'aelike, e hoʻonui i ka nui o ke kūkulu o ke alanui hou i loko o ke aupuni ma lalo o ka hooponopono ana o ka moku'āina. Ka aelike ae e kikoo mai na alakai haole nā kānaka hoʻopukapuka kālā i emi malalo o 25% o ka papahana kaʻoihana kālā.

June 24, 2016 ma Beijing paa ke kūkā 'ana o ka Intergovernmental Russian-Chinese Komisina ma ka waiwai kūʻai alu like' ana, a i mālama ma ka luna hoʻomalu o ka "Avtodor" Sergei Kelbakh. I ka hopena o ka ke anaina, ua e hoapono i ka papa inoa o ka makakoho alanui aeuiiai ieaia? Pāhana. I pau, i uku no ka hana ana o ke ala kūikawā noonoo "Europe - Western China". Ka papahana He mahele o ka iwi kuamoo o ke kiʻekiʻe-holo alanui. Ma keia global no? Ieoaeunoaa Lūkini moku'āina poe o ka i kauohaiaʻi paha, ka mea e loaʻa, e kūkulu ma kahi o 2.3 tausani kilomika o nā alanui. Ka papahana nā mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Ka mea mua o ka 567 kilomika o kiʻekiʻe-māmā alanui M-11 (Moscow - Saint-Petersburg). Ka lua o ka pae - mai ka Central alii Road a hiki i ka mokuna a me ka Repubalika o aneea oneiaey.

Giants Lūkini aouli

Rusia ka nui loa moku'āina-waiho poʻe, o ka papa, i ua mau papa hana, a pili kēia ho oholo i ka aneiai kūlana o ke aupuni holoʻokoʻa. Ua makemake no ia mea, e nui pono e noonoo i ka papa inoa o kēia mau titans. I waena o lākou e hōʻike:

• "Lūkini loea".
• "Rosatom".
• "RusHydro".
• Federal Pakuhi Makaʻaha Company o hoʻokahi Energy System.
• "Rosneft".
• "Gazprom".
• "Transneft".
• RAO "Energy Systems o ka hikina".
• "Aeroflot".
• "United mokulele Inc".
• "Lūkini aeaciua ai".
• "Almaz-Antey".
• "United Shipbuilding Inc".
• Inc "Tactical Kao lele lako kaua".
• "AvtoVAZ".
• Koa Lolina Inc "Ho oholo Wae-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo Hui o me mechanical wilikî."
• Rocket a Space Inc "Energia" ka inoa hope o S. P. Koroleva.
• Olelo Stock Company "ALROSA".
• "Vega".
• E hopohopo nei "Sea papa anuʻu loa kai mea kaua - Gidropribor".
• Center o Shipbuilding a me ka moku hana hou i Technology.
• "Roskhimzaschita".
• "Research a? Iecaianoaaiiie Inc" Uralvagonzavod "Dzerzhinsky".
• "Okeanpribor" e hopohopo nei.
• "Information ukali Systems" Academician M. F. Reshetneva.
• United Lolina Inc "Oboronprom".
• "Microgen".
• Federal State Unitary hana "Russian ukali Hoʻokaʻa 'Company".
• FSUE "Mail o Rusia".
• Federal State Unitary hana "Russian kīwī a me Radio ka hoʻoleleʻana Panel".
• Irkutsk o ka ikaika a me ka electrification.
• System 'ana, no ka mea hoʻokahi Energy System.
• Sheremetyevo International Airport.
• Koltsovo Airport.

Pau kēia mau mea nui Lūkini moku'āina-waiwai a poe mea ma lalo o ka hooponopono ana o ke aupuni pekelala kino hooko, a me ka Komisina ma High Technology a me ka HOU. Keia ua hana ia me ka manao o ke? Acaeoey a me ka manaʻo o eiiiaaoeiiiue? Acaeoey papahana.

Ka nui loa o ka moku'āina

Conditional Loipālākiō moku'āina-mea a poe, i hoike no ka nui kaʻana like 'ana o ka moku'āina, e like penei:

1. United mokulele Inc (UAC). Ka moku'āina lehulehu ua komo i loko o ka me mechanical wilikî kaiaulu. Ka moku'āina nona 93,4% o ka mahele. Inc hele mai i loko o kona noho ana i ka 2006. Initially, a pau 100% o na mahele a pau i loko o ka'āina hoʻoili o ke aupuni ma lalo nei, akā, i ka 2009 i kūʻai liloʻia aku i ka mahele i kekahi kanaka.
2. "Alrosa" - o ka nui loa ka hoʻohua o diamonds i loko o ke aupuni. Ke aupuni nona 90,9% o ka mahele.
3. "Tattelecom". Mana uaʻaʻole nova ia e ka poe ponoi, a ma paa "Svyazinvestneftekhim". Ma keia hihia, ka moku'āina hooponopono mea 87,2% o ka mahele.
4. "Rosneft" mea ma lalo o kokoke aupuni noonoo. Ka State oihana 82% o ka mahele.
5. Power Company "UES" mea no ka hapanui loa i ke kuleana o ka Pekelala Property oihana i (79.55%).
6. "Transneft". 78,11% o ka loaʻa ka mana kapikala - waiwai o ka moku'āina.
7. Bank "VTB". "Federal Property Management oihana i" kuai 75,5% o ka mahele.
8. "Kubanenergo" ka mana poe mea kuleana no ka hoʻolako 'uila i ka pono' Olumepika ma Sochi, e pili ana i ka moku'āina ma ka 70%.
9. "RusHydro". Ke kaʻana like 'ana o Pekelala Property Management oihana i loko o ke anaina dala i 60,5%.
10. "Inter RAO". Ke aupuni nona aneane 60% pahu.
11. "Aeroflot" - he piha-fledged lala o ke hawaii kuikahi SkyTeam, 51,17% o kona mahele no ia o ka moku'āina.

Ma ka hopena: ke manaolana i keia 'atikala mea nō hiki ke kōkuaʻoe maopopo mea o ka moku'āina o ka poe i kēia lā, i ka mea a ko lakou mau papa kuhikuhiE maikaʻi ano a me ka pakeneka o ke komo i loko o ka ulu ana o Rusia.