He aha ka kiniki? Haʻilula kiniki i huiia. kiniki

Kekahi o na mea hiki ke hooheheeia e i ua wehe i ka lōʻihi manawa kahiko, akā, i kēia lā ua i lilo kona pilina, e hoʻohana i ke aloha i kona mea kupaianaha waiwai ka kiniki. Kona kino a me ka Nine Inch waiwai ae, e hoʻohana i ka mea i loko o nā lālā o ka 'ike loea hou a me kela la i keia ola. He mea he nui hopena ma luna o kanaka ola.

Ka manawa pōkole History o ka puka hehee ai

He aha ka kiniki, kanaka ike mua mākou'āina. Ua Ua laila, aʻo i hoʻohana oka a pau i loaʻa i kēia mea hiki ke hooheheeia. KoʻAigupita hoʻohana na mea i eliia i loaʻa ka keleawe a me ka kiniki, a me kā lākou mau fused makaukau loa mau nō,'okesaside hoʻopale mea. hale 'ikamu i loaʻa, kīʻaha i mai keia mea.

Name o ke kiniki ua loaʻa i loko o ka palapala o ke kahuna lapaau Paracelsus i loko o ka XVI kenekulia AD. I ka Ia manawa ka metala 'Imi hoʻomaka ka hoʻohana Chinese mōlina o kona poe malihini. Ke kiʻekiʻe, ka ike ana o ka waiwai, a me kona maikai oaoieei-waiwai o ka hoʻololi maʻEulopa. A laila, i loko o Germany, England ua aoia mai no hoi ia ia kiniki, a ma ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana.

Keleawe i kekahi o ka mea mua a me ka maikaʻi loa-ike oka a, hoʻohana 'ia mai ka wā kahiko i loko o Kupero, a me ka hope ma Germany a me nā'āina'ē.

Ka inoa e hele mai, mai ka Roma zincum, akā, i ka etymology mea unclear. Aia i kekahi mau wale nō.

1. Mai ka German zinke, i translates like "The Island."
2. Mai ka Lakina zincum, a 'o ia hoʻi "keʻokeʻo loʻi".
3. Peresia "cheng", oa pohaku.
4. Germanic zinco, i translates like "plaque", "he eyesore".

I kēia lā i ka inoa o ka ukana ua loaa i ka hoʻomaka o ka XX kenekulia wale. Ka manaʻo nui o ka kiniki Ion ma kānaka hoike i kekahi wale nei (XX kenekulia). Prior i kēia,ʻaʻohe illnesses me keia hehee ai ua i pili.

Naʻe ka mea, ua ike ia i loko o ka wā kahiko, nā lāhui kanaka i hoʻohana na Nā Kopa o ka mōhaiʻai keiki hipa, e like me ka loaa kila mai ka maʻi, a no ka hikiwawe hoʻololi 'ia. I kēia lā, ua hiki ke olelo aku i ka mea like me ia mea ma muli o ke kiniki Ion, i loko o keia pa, oia no kekahi mua loa o ka hailona. He kōkua e hoihoi koko holo, höʻike aku luhi, a ho'ā 'ia paha lolo hope.

Kiniki hehee ai: ano

Kēia hehee ai ua aia i loko o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika'ōnaehana i loko o ka lua o ka pūʻulu, ka incidental subgroup. Ke kaʻina, helu 30, kiniki kaumaha - 65,37. Ke wale a eia i, a me ka'okesaside moku'āina +2. Ka lolouila hoʻonohonohoʻia o ka pā'Ātoma, ahu iho 4s ^2.

Ma Table kiniki, keleawe, cadmium, chromium, manganese, a he nui na mea e ae - o ka hoʻololi ke hooheheeia. Kēia nā poʻe a pau i loko o a na electrons kūlana 'o ka pā, a predvneshny and a me ka [illegible] ikehu sublevels.

Hoʻololi i eliiaʻi nā platinum pae a (gula, iridium, palladium, platinum, osmium, a me na mea e ae). No ka mea a pau a lakou i wehewehe aku ma ke kahua o ka luna 'i huiʻia, ma a ka mea hana e like me ka complexing konohiki me kekahi ōhumu helu. A pau i kēia mea ano o ka hehee ai ma lalo noonoo e mākou.

Aia i elima maoli ai i ka pilina paʻa isotopes me ka nuipa a nui o ka 64 a hiki i 70. ⁶⁵ Zn - radioactive, a me ka hapalua o ke ola ana o 244 mau lā.

Kiniki me he mea waiwai

He aha ka kiniki i loko o ka mau palapala? uhi i ka aiiay'okesaside ho film ma ka lewa metala, kala uliuli, koke - It. No ka mea, o keia, ka mea nani i ia mea,ʻaʻole loa maikaʻi loa. Naʻe ia mea e pono ke wehe i ka ho film, e like me kiniki ho'āʻoʻia ka waiwai o nā mea a pau i eliiaʻi - nani ano alohilohi a me ka alohi mai.

Ma ke ano maoli, i loaʻa i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o na mea he nui nā minelala hao a me na mea e hooheheeia. Penei, o ka loa e like me ka poʻe e:

• kiniki blende, a sphalerite;
• kleyofan;
• marmatit;
• wurtzite;
• smithsonite;
• calamine;
• kiniki
• willemite;
• franklenit a me na mea e ae.

Me kekahi hapa o ka poʻe'ē he eliia kiniki ua ana i loaʻa pū me kona ikaika mau hoa, e like me:

• thallium;
• Germanium;
• indium;
• gallium;
• Cadmium.

I huina, i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia hoike no ka 0,076% o ka honua i ka pńpa. He iki nui ma mua o ke keleawe. Nō hoʻi, 0,07 mg / L o ka waiwai i kakauiaʻi ma ke kai.

Haʻilula like me ka mea waiwai o ke kiniki - Zn. Hexagonal anianiʻolu, kaumaha. Keʻano o ka Nine Inch ka ponaʻana - metala.

physical waiwai

He hiki no i hoʻokohu 'ia kekahi mau' ano.

1. Kala like 'ole - srebristo uliuli.
2. Nuʻa - 7,13 g. / Knm ^3.
3. Heheʻe wahi - 420 ^{° C} (pili i ka pae o ka haʻahaʻa-mahele heheʻe i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia).
4. Ma lalo o maʻamau kumu - brittle mea.
5. Baila aʻela i wahi - 906 ° ^C.
6. I ka enaena i 100-150 ^{° C} maoli he toughness a me ka ductility, hiki e ua hanaʻia o ka uea a me ka pepa kini ua hiolo.
7. Over 200 ^{° C} ua hikiwawe wāwahi ihola ma loko o ka oho he lepo lā, losing kohoʻia.
8. He he maikaʻi loa alakaʻi mele.
9. Ke thermal conductivity mea maikai, e like me ka wela nona iho.

Oia physical kiko'î ae i ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia me nā kumumea i loko i huiʻia. No ka laʻana, lohe nuiʻia kiniki oka a - waihoʻoluʻu paʻa keleawe.

Nine Inch mall

Ma lalo o maʻamau rula, i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia apana uhi i ka ili koke hoopaa grayish-keʻokeʻo ka penaʻana - kiniki'okesaside. Kēia hele mai ana, mai ka mea ia o oxygen i loko o ka lewa instantaneously oxidizes maemae waiwai.

Inā he lōʻihi manawa e malama i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia maemae ma ka wehe humid lewa, ma laila e e kona luku ana i ka hana o ka o carbon dioxide. E like me ka mea waiwai o ke kiniki reacts me:

• halogens;
• chalcogens;
• ka oxygen;
• nāʻakika;
• alkalis;
• ammonia a me ka'amoniuma (kona paʻakai);
• nawaliwali ke hooheheeia.

Ia, aole ia i pane koke me ka naikokene. Inā mākou e lawe loa chemically maemae kiniki, ka mea, aole ia i pane koke i kekahi mea o ka helu waiwai.

Ua mea akaka i ka kiniki - metala amphoteric. Ma reactions me nā 'ano apau loa alkalis luna' i huiʻia - gidroksotsinkaty.

i huiʻia o ka kiniki

kekahi mau nui waeʻano i hiki ke'ōleloʻia:

1. kiniki silicide.
2. Ternary carbide? Ueony - Ni ₃ ZnC.
3. kiniki halides (koloriside, fluoride, iodide, bromide).
4. Sulfide, selenide, kiniki arsenide.
5. Phosphide a me boride.
6. Ammine eiiieaenu i hanaʻia me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia reacting me ka ammonia pāʻoihana.
7. Cyanides, thiocyanates a me thiosulfates kūikawā e like me ka like pono a pau o loko o koʻana koko pāʻoihana.
8. 'okesaside a me ka kiniki hydroxide - amphoteric hui i hoʻohana no ka makaukau o ka pono a pau o gidroksotsinkatov.

Ka hapa nui o ka hui ana o ka hehee ai ia i loko o ka Nine Inch hana 'ole' ē aʻe na hana ( 'enekinia, hale syntheses, HW hana).

Kiniki'okesaside ua hoʻomano hoʻohana i laau lapaau. He mea He maikai Anati-hoʻoʻino loa, iki dries a pepehi i ka koʻohune. No laila, ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o nā mea hoʻonani no ka iapaau ana o ka huehue, blackheads, huehue a me kekahi ili maʻi.

kiniki paʻakai

Kokoke i ka paʻakai i mea ole o ka palua ana a eiiieaen, oa iloko i extraneous nā pōpō Ion - he colorless mea pōaka waiwai. Ka loa mea mahaloia imua o hua'ōlelo o kanaka pono nō kēia poʻe.

1. Kiniki koloriside - ZnCL _2. kekahi inoa no ka pilina - solderingʻakika. Externally ho keʻokeʻo nā pōaka, absorbs ona mau i loko o ka lewa. Hoʻohana 'ia no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe metala surfaces ma mua o ka soldering, ka hana olona, ma ka iuo aaoa?, No ka impregnation o ka wahie ma mua lapaʻau like me ka disinfectant.
2. kiniki sulfide. White he lepo lā, hoʻomaka koke yellowing ka wā 'enaʻena. Ua loaʻa He kiʻekiʻe mahele heheʻe i ka wahi, e like me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia maemae. Hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o luminescent hui pili i na pale, Panel a me nā' ikamu. He He mea uholo uila.
3. kiniki phosphide - he na make hoʻohana no ka noho pakele o nahu iho holoholona (ʻiole, iole).
4. Smithsonite, kiniki kalepona paha - ZnCO _3. Colorless mea pōaka i huiia, insoluble i loko o ka wai. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka petrochemical hana, e like me ka pono me loko o na reactions o ka hana silika. Ua he hōʻeleu i loko o ke aloha hoʻololi kemikala, hoʻohana like me ka mea hoʻomomona no ka lepo.
5. Kiniki'ākeka - (Ch ₃ COO) ₂ Zn. Colorless nā pōaka, hooholo koke wailana i loko o nā mea a pau nā'uheheʻe o kekahi ano keia ano. Ua Ua hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia nā ma Nine Inch, a ma o ka' inikua a me ka ai na hana. Hoʻohana 'ia no ka pono nozafaringita. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka meaʻai mea hoʻonui E650 - freshens hanu, ua ālai' ka helehelena o ka plaque ma ka niho ka wā i kekahi hapa o ka māna nui aʻe ana. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia e etch make, ka hoopakele ana i ka laau, Ka lula ea Ke a me ka' ē aʻe ke aloha syntheses. Ua aneane Radio mai'ō a'ō i ka kūlana o ka inhibitor.
6. Kiniki iodide - keʻokeʻo nā pōaka hoʻohana ma ka radiography, me electrolyte ma iuo aaoa?, E like me ka kalameaʻai no uila microstudies.
7. ʻEleʻele a pouli-uliuli nā pōaka, i hiki ole ke loaa ma ka pololei hoʻololi kemikala, me kiniki a me ka naikokene 'Aʻole i pane koke. I hana mai metala ammine. At kiʻekiʻe mahana ia decomposes e hookuu kiniki, naʻe hoʻohana no kona makaukau.
8. kiniki nitrate. Colorless hygroscopic nā pōaka. I ka hoʻohana 'ana o kiniki ma keia palapala ua lawe mai i loko o ka lole a me kaʻili hana no ka etching nā'aʻaʻa.

kiniki oka a

I haiia ae maluna,, ma laila nō ka loa, he pono ole kiniki oka a - keleawe. I ka mea, ua hoikeia mai ka manawa loa kahiko, a i 'Imi hoʻohanaʻia kanaka ai mamao. He aha ka mea?

Keleawe - He keleawe a me ka kiniki, a eia i loko o ka lokahi a me kekahi mau 'ē aʻe ke hooheheeia, hai aku ai i nā gloss, ka ikaika a me ka refractoriness oka a pau. Kiniki i loko o ka haku mele 'ana e like me ka alloying hehee ai, keleawe - like me ka walaʻauʻana. Material kala like 'ole melemele, ka lā'ī, akā, ke ao o waho i ka pulu hana kūpono hiki ia oe blacken. Ka mahele heheʻe i ka wahi o ma kahi o 950 ^{° C,} e oko i ka maʻiʻo o kiniki (ka nui ia mea, i ka lalo o ka mahana).

Ka mea ua pono olokaa iho la i loko o a lahilahi, paipu, welded papa hana. Ua oaoieei-hoakaka maikai, no laila mai o ka mea, i ka i kēia hehee wale:.

1. Machine māhele a me kela iiaie oaoieei manaʻo.
2. Lole a me ka hahiʻana.
3. Hua pisetakia, hoʻopaʻa i a me ka pono.
4. Pono, bushings, ka popopo hoʻopale māhele o kekahi 'ole o ke amo.
5. Watch māhele.

Ka hapa nui o mākou noʻonoʻo i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia hua mai i loko o ke ao nei hele i pono i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka oka a pau.

Kekahiʻano intermetallic hui - kiniki antimonide. Haʻilula kona Zn ₄ Sb _3. kēia oka a ua i hoʻohana like me ka mea uholo uila transistors, thermal imagers, magnetoresistive manaʻo.

ʻae nō hoʻi i ka pono o ke kiniki a me kona i huiʻia nā kaiāulu a kokoke na wahi a pau. He mea hiki ke hooheheeia i mahalo i keleawe, Aluminum, i ke kala, i ke gula, manganese a me ka hao. Kona waiwai mea pakahi aku la ia kiʻekiʻe oaoieei-hana e like anticorrosive mea. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i uhiʻia e likeʻole kiniki oka a pau a me nā huahana no ka palekana i ka keia luku ana o ke kaʻina hana maoli.

Ka liluwelo kūlana

He aha ka kiniki ma ka olelo o ka lapaau a me ka kālaimeaola? Ina ka mea, ua manaʻo nui no ke ola o ka meaola, a pehea ka nui o ia mea? Ua huli mai ia kiniki Ion wale pono e noho ma ka ola mea. I ole ia, o ka nele, e alakai i ka i kēia hopena.

• anemia;
• ua hoʻemi insulina;
• allergies;
• ke kaupaona poho a me ka hoomanao ana;
• luhi;
• kaumaha;
• hoʻopōʻino hihiʻo;
• irritability a me na mea e ae.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE mau mea o ka lehulehu o ke kiniki Ion ma ke kanaka kino - o na pancreas, ake a me nāʻiʻo. No hoi, ka mea, o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia kekahi hapa o ka hapanui o nā'ūhū (e like, carbonic anhydrase). Nolaila, ka hapanui o ka catalysis ia lŘlŘ me ke komo o ka kiniki.

He aha kēia hana i ka Ion?

1. Komo i loko o ka hoʻololi kemikala o kane hormones a me sperm.
2. Paipai i omo o ka wikamina E.
3. Komo i loko o ka cleavage o ka waiʻona nā lātoma i loko o ke kino.
4. E pili 'ole i loko o ka hoʻololi kemikala o na mea he nui hormones (insulina, ulu hōmona, testosterone a me na mea e ae).
5. I kuleana i loko o ke koko a me ka ho okumu hoola ana o ka poino'aʻaʻa.
6. Ua regulates ka secretion o sebaceous glands, kākoʻo i ka maʻamau ulu o ka lauoho, a kui, ka paipai 'ana regenerative keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o kaʻili.
7. Ka mea, i ka hiki e hoʻopau toxins mai i ke kino a me ka hoʻoikaika i ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu.
8. Ua loli ai i ke kahua o kaʻaiʻana a me ka honi.
9. Ua paa ia kuleana i loko o ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka EKOLU, pūnao o ka wikamina A, nukelea hoʻololi kemikala a me ka hālāwai hope.
10. He mea i kekahi i komo i loko o nā mea a pau o ke kahua o ka ulu a me ka? Acaeoey o keena, e like me hele pū ana me ka kaʻina hana o ka'ōeweʻana.

A pau i kēia manawa, hou proves pehea nui hehee ai o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia. Kona kūlana ma liluwelo nenoai Ua möakäka hou wale nō i loko o ka XX kenekulia. He nui na pilikia a me na pilikia i loko o ka hala hiki i ua käpae 'ina kanaka, ua ike no ka iapaau ana me ka hoʻohana' ai 'ka nānā' ana ma luna o kiniki.

Pehea la e hiki ai ke malama i ka huina akau o keia hehee ai i loko o ke kino? Ke pane ua maopopo. Oe Pono eʻaiʻai i loaʻa kiniki. Ka papa hiki e lōʻihi, no laila mākou e hōʻike wale ka poe ma i ka i kā mākou helu o ka hehee ai ma ka ninau:

• hua pisetakia, a me ka hua;
• mohihi;
• ai;
• MeaʻAi O Ke Kai, o ka oi aku oysters;
• kiliala a me ka berena;
• haleʻuwī waiū huahana;
• lāʻau ikiʻai,ʻai a me nā hua.

kanaka ana

Mākou i mua i koho ia i loko o kona olelo e lilo, ma i na hana a me nāʻoihana o ka hana hoʻohana kiniki. Ke kumukuai o keia metala a me kona oka meaʻano kiʻekiʻe. No ka laʻana, ua loiloi 'he keleawe kuina o ka nui o 0,6 m 1.5 ma ka hola 260 rubles. A me ka pono pela, no ka mea, o ka mea e like ai o ka mea, ua kiʻekiʻe nui iho la ia.

Nolaila, mea hao kiniki, i mea, me he mea waiwai ua hoʻohana 'ia:

• ka penaʻana ma luna o ka popopo i ka hao a me ke kila me nā huahana;
• i ka iuo aaoa?;
• ka paʻi palapala;
• like me ka hoemi hope, a me ka hōʻeleu i loko o ke aloha hoʻololi kemikala;
• ma metallurgy no ka hoʻokaʻawale o nā mea hiki ke hooheheeia mai pāʻoihana ona.

Kiniki'okesaside ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka mea hoʻonani kumu, a mākou i olelo ia, akā, i like me ka filler ma ka laholio, me he keʻokeʻo pigment i pena ole wale.

About kahi likeʻole kiniki paʻakai i hoʻohana ', ua hai mai mākou i loko o ka noonoo o kēia mau hui. Ka mea, ua maopopo i ka nohona ma kiniki a me ka waiwai, - mea nui a me kaʻiʻo ma ka hana, a me ka lapaʻau 'ē aʻe na hana eiiiiiaiou, me ka i na mea he nui o na keʻano o ka hanaʻana e e hiki ole paha loa iaʻi lakou.