He aha mea he maʻiʻaʻai: ka ho'ākāka 'ana,' ano a me ke ano

Ua piha ka 'ia me ka nui helu o ka "noho", i waena a ma laila nō keʻano o nā microorganisms e like me nā mea hoʻomaʻi, koʻohune, fungi, protozoa. Ka mea, ke noho ma ka hemolele lokahi me ke kanaka (ole-pathogenic), nei i loko o ke kino me ka ma o na la ino i ka maʻamau rula, akā, lilo hana ma lalo o ka aoao o kekahi aʻe (opportunistic) a e weliweli i kānaka, e kauoha ana i ka hooulu ana o ka maʻi (pathogens). A pau këia mau manaÿo hai aku i ka ulu ana o ka infectious kaʻina. He aha mea he maʻiʻaʻai, mea mau i nāʻano a me nā 'ano - noʻonoʻo i loko o ka pauku.

walaʻauʻana manaÿo

Maʻiʻaʻai kapa i ka luna 'pili o kekahi meaola, a mea he nui huahelu o ka hoike ana - mai asymptomatic kaa a hiki i ke kūpono' ana o ka maʻi. Ke kaʻina o ka hopena o ka hoʻokomo 'ia' ana o ka microorganism (mea hoʻomaʻi, fungus, koʻohune) e noho macroorganism, ma muli o ka poʻe kaua e kupu mai ai ka hana i ho'ākāka 'pale naoh.

Hiʻona o ka maʻiʻaʻai.

1. Contagiousness - ka hiki e koke hohola mai ka maʻi kanaka i ke ola.
2. Specificity - kekahi ilepili microorganism ke kumu o ka maʻi i mea typical no kona hoike ana a me ka IIeEeAIEUAA ma ka keena a me nā'aʻaʻa.
3. Wā mawaena - O kela infectious kaʻina i manawa o kona papa.

manawa

I ka manaʻo o ka maʻiʻaʻai ua i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka cyclicity o ka pathological kaʻina. Ke alo aku o ka manawa i loko o ka ulu ana o ke ano no kela a me keia like symptoms:

1. Ka incubation manawa - ka manawa i elapses, mai ka manawa o ka hoike ana o ka microorganism i loko o ke kino o ka poe ola, i like loa me loaʻa nō i ka mea mua lapaʻau hoailona o ka maʻi. Kēia manawa hiki mau mai i kekahi mau hola i kekahi mau makahiki.
2. prodromatsii wā - ka muli o ka pono lapaʻau ano o ka hapa nui o pathologic keʻano o ka hanaʻana (headache, nawaliwali, luhi).
3. Huʻi symptoms - piko maʻi. I loko o kēia wā, hoʻomōhala ho'ākāka symptoms o ka maʻiʻaʻai i loko o ka poʻe noʻonoʻoʻole typical wela curves hitting kūloko nā'aʻaʻa.
4. Convalescence - i ka manawa o ka ia'na o ka lapaʻau kiʻi, a me ka hoʻomanawanui ka ke ola.

Kind o infectious keʻano o ka hanaʻana

E ike hou lāliʻi e pili ana i ka mea hilo e ia he maʻiʻaʻai, e pono e ike i ia mea. Aia nō he nui helu o ka Mea Maluna ke kaumaha ma muli o ka ho omaka, paialewa, IIeEeAIEUAA, helu o microbial ke kanana nei, a no laila, ma luna o. D.

1. Ma ka mea e like me ka anal o pathogens:

• Exogenous kaʻina - ua wehewehe aku ma ka anal o ka pathogen, mai ka mea mawaho i hoʻolilo 'ia;
• endogenous kaʻina - haʻalele no pono'ī conditionally pathogenic microflora ma lalo o ka aoao o adverse aʻe.

2. By me Kinohi:

• noho'na makaainana i ulu kaʻina - wehewehe aku ma ka wa e kaawale aku o ke kanaka 'uao;
• Pilot - maʻiʻaʻai piha iho artificially i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua.

3. E like me ka helu o nā microorganisms:

• monoinfection - kena ae la ma ka hookahi laha 'o ka pathogen;
• hui - 'ole kekahi mau' ano o nā pathogens.

4. I mea:

• iniiaiie kaʻina - eʻikeʻia maʻi;
• haumāna kaʻina - ukali ma ka hou o ka hou infectious pathology ma ke kāʻei kua o ka iniiaiie maʻi.

5. IIeEeAIEUAA:

• ke kina ole kinona - ka microorganism mea ma ka wahi ma i komo i loko o ka puali meaola wale;
• generalized palapala - na pathogens hohola iho la ma ke kino me ka hou subsidence i loko o kekahi mau punahele wahi.

Inā na germs palahalaha ae ma ke koko, akā, e i hoonui i laila, he ano kapa viremia (ka causative konohiki - mea hoʻomaʻi), bacteremia (koʻohune), fungemia (fungi), parasitaemia (protozoa). Ma ka hihia o ke koko multiplication o pathogens ulu sepsis.

6. Adrift:

• huʻi maʻiʻaʻai - mai he ao alohilohi i lapaʻau kiʻi a me ka mau ole aku ma mua o kekahi mau pule;
• maʻi maʻiʻaʻai - wehewehe aku ma ka sluggish au, ke mau no ka makahiki, ka mea, ua exacerbation (relapse).

7. I makahiki Last:

• "Childish" nā mea palahēhē -ʻAmelika, pili keiki ma waena o nā makahiki o ka 2 a me 10 makahiki (moa pox, diphtheria, heʻulaʻula kuni, whooping cough);
• "Mākua maʻiʻaʻai," ka manaʻo iho,ʻaʻole mea, like me ka pathogens mea i maʻi Holomua i loko o nā mākua, ke kino i ke keiki ka like ikepili koʻikoʻi.

Aia He He manaʻo o ka reinfection a me ka superinfection. Ma ka hihia mua, he kanaka ka mea i loa loaʻa hou ma hope o ka maʻi mailoko o hou ma ka ia pathogen. By superinfection reinfection ia lŘlŘ a hiki i loko o ka papa o ka maʻi (pathogen ke kanana nei i ua laminekaʻia ma luna o kekahi i kekahi).

hāʻule ala

Aia nō kēia i ka anal o microorganisms mea i hoolilo o pathogens mai i loko o ka poʻe kaua meaola i ke kaiapuni.

• fecal-moʻolelo (alimentary ninoieo o, ka wai, a me ka hui '-wahi lulu);
• transmissible (koko) - nā moe, parenteral, a ma insectʻaki;
• aerogenic (airborne ka lepo a me ka airborne);
• e kelepona i-ka moe, E leka pepa-hahau.

No ka hapanui o pathogens i wehewehe aku ma kekahi mau 'ala o ka anal i loko o ka nunui-meaola. Inā ka EYIʻano papa hana ua keʻakeʻa, ka maʻi e ole hōʻike 'ole worsen i loko o kona hoike ana.

IIeEeAIEUAA o ka maʻiʻaʻai

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka maikaʻiʻole ia ma ia wahi, i ka i kēiaʻano o nā mea palahēhē:

1. Intestinal. Ke pathological kaʻina paa wahi i loko o ka gastrointestinal'āpana, ka Agena komo ka fecal-ku una ala hele. O nā salmonellosis, ka hī koko, rotavirus, typhoid kuni.
2. Naehana hanu. Ke kaʻina hana ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka luna, a malalo naehana'āpana, microorganisms e "hele" i loko o ka hapanui o na hihia ma ka lewa (maʻi palū, adenovirus maʻiʻaʻai, parainfluenza).
3. I waho. Pathogens contaminate i kaʻili a me ka mucous membranes, ma o na la fungal maʻiʻaʻai, scabies, microspores STDs.
4. Ke koko. Ka maʻiʻaʻai komo ma ke koko, e laweʻia aku ia ma ke kino (HIV, hepatitis B, he maʻi pili me insectʻaki).

intestinal nā mea palahēhē

E noonoo oe i kekahi mau pathological keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ke kumu hoohalike o kekahi o nā pūʻulu - intestinal nā mea palahēhē. He aha mea he maʻiʻaʻai ana i ka digestive'āpana o ke kanaka, a pehea 'aʻole ia oko?

Mai na poe pūʻulu hiki ke kena ae la ma ka maʻiʻaʻai ana i mea koʻohune, fungal a me ka mea hoʻomaʻi kumu. Mea hoʻomaʻi microorganisms hiki ia oe e komo iloko o na oihana likeʻole o ka intestinal'āpana, e manaoia no rotaviruses a me enteroviruses. e lakou hiki ole wale i palahalaha ae ma ka fecal-ku una ala hele, akā, i droplets hitting ka epithelium o ka luna naehana'āpana, a ma o na la herpetic loa puu.

Mea koʻohune maʻi (Salmonella, me ka hi koko) pū i hiki wale nō ma ka fecal-ku una ala hele. Nā mea palahēhē fungal me Kinohi ana ma muli o ka loli ma ka maloko kino, malalo o ka hana ana o antibiotics paha lōʻihi-makahiki hoʻohana o hormonal hoomakaukau, ma ka immunodeficiency.

rotavirus

Rotavirus intestinal maʻiʻaʻai, a lapaau pono e hulina a me ka 'āwīwī, ma ka rula, e like me kekahi' ē aʻe mai ka hapalua o ka lapaʻau hihia o ka mea hoʻomaʻi infectious intestinal pathologies. An iho mailoko o kanaka ua manaoia pilikia i ke kaiāulu, mai ka pau ana o ka incubation wā a piha ke ola.

Rotavirus intestinal maʻiʻaʻai ana i na keiki ia lŘlŘ nui oi paʻakikī ma mua i loko o nā mākua. Kai huʻi hoikeana pu ma ka lapaʻau kiʻi kēia:

• abdominal eha;
• diarrhea (noho mai i ka malamalama kala like 'ole, hiki e ke koko huikala);
• ka luaʻi;
• hyperthermia;
• runny ihu;
• li nui o ka puu.

Rotavirus intestinal maʻiʻaʻai ana i na keiki i loko o ka hapanui o na hihia ua pu ma outbreaks i loko o nā kula a me nā kamaliʻi. Ma ka makahiki o ka 5, ua naʻau loa na keiki ma luna iho o nā hana rotaviruses. Ma hope maʻiʻaʻai ana i like ka paakiki me ka mea mua lapaʻau hihia.

ʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau maʻiʻaʻai

Loa nā mea maʻi e noi anaʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau 'uao, e hoihoi i loko o ka ninau o ka mea' ano o keʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau maʻiʻaʻai. 'O kēia ka ia kaʻina hana o ka kanaka kino AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me pathogen, wale' ia ma luna o ke kāʻei kua o ka hana 'ole e noi anaʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau' uao, e hoʻihoʻi oihana me ka kekahi maʻi.

He huʻi (purulent, putrid, kekahi, anaerobic) a me ka maʻi kaʻina (kekahi, a nonspecific).

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka wahi o kaʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau maʻiʻaʻai kaʻawale maʻi:

• ka pahee nā'aʻaʻa;
• ami a me ka iwi;
• lolo a me kona hale;
• o ka abdominal lua;
• thoracic lua;
• pelvic nā loko;
• kanaka eiiiiiaiou a me nā loko (mammary gland, palaki, hooki aku, a no laila, ma luna o. d.).

Luna oʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau nā mea palahēhē

Currently, o ka loa pinepine "hoa" huʻi purulent keʻano o ka hanaʻana i:

• aureus;
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
• enterococcus;
• E. coli;
• streptococcus;
• Proteus.

I HOOKUMUIA I kā lākou anal i likeʻole lesions o ka mucous membranes a me ka ili, abrasions,ʻaki, scratches, ducts glands (hou a me ka sebaceous). Inā he kanaka maʻi foci hoʻomāhuahua o microorganisms (maʻi tonsillitis, rhinitis, niho palaho), e lilo i kumu o ke kaawale ana o pathogens ma ke kino.

maʻiʻaʻai lapaʻau

Ma ka naau o ka hoʻolilo o pathological microflora causal lapaʻau ua nona ma ke kāpaeʻana i nā kumu o ka maʻi. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ka agena hoʻohana i nā kēia pūʻulu o medicaments:

1. Antibiotics (ina ka pathogen - koʻohune). Koho i kekahi pūʻulu o antibacterial Luna, a e i kekahi lāʻau ma luna o ka muli o bacteriological hoike a me ka manao paa o ke kanaka pā lonoaʻili o ka microorganism.
2. Antiviral (ina ka causative konohiki - mea hoʻomaʻi). Ma ia laua, ka hoʻohana 'ana ai' e hooikaika i na pale aku ia lakou o ke kanaka kino.
3. Antifungal konohiki (ina ka causative konohiki - ka fungus).
4. Worming (ina pathogen - ilo a me ka easiest).

Iapaau ana o nā mea palahēhē i loko o na keiki ma lalo o 2 makahiki i lilo i loko o ka haukapila, i mea e pale aku hiki complications.

ka hopena

Ma hope iho o ka hanana o ka maʻi, me ka hana pathogen, he akamai ka hāhai differentiation a hoʻoholo i ka pono no ka hospitalization. Mai poina i ke koho 'ia i ka inoa o ka kekahi maʻiʻike, aʻaʻole pono i ka hua'ōlelo "maʻiʻaʻai". I ka moolelo o ka maʻi, a hanau i ka haukapila lapaʻau, iloko ona i kakauia a pau o ka 'ike e pili ana i ke kuʻina o kaʻike, a me ka hana ana o ka ua maʻiʻaʻai. Me ole e pono e hospitalize i ke ahonui a pau ia 'ike ua kākau i loko o ka palapala' āina outpatient.