He aha nō ka ka m-holinoblokatory?

M-holinoblokatory - ai 'ike nui iho la ia. Mau atropinopodobnye konohiki aeie i ka ha awina o ka parasympathetic ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, kona kanawai ma ke kino o nā loko, a glands. Eia, i ka 'atikala hōʻike ana i ka hopena o ka m-anticholinergics, kā lākou waiwai ma ka oihana lapaau, i ka hana a me ka hoʻohana' ana o kēia mau ai '.

Mea Maluna

M-holinoblokatory māheleʻia i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE pūʻulu ekolu:

1. O ia hoʻi, "Atropine" a me "Scopolamine," a i maoli alkaloids.
2. Lākou semisynthetic nā mea loaʻa me ka oko mai o ka ho pono hana, iloko olaila ma pharmacokinetic waiwai.
3. Kemikala hui i i loaa selectivity pili i nā subtypes o ka m-cholinergic receptors.

waiwai

O ia hoʻi, "Atropine", me ka maopopo kahi lāʻau, hiki i ka noho haumāna kahi kanawai ma ka ha awina o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. Medicament "Scopolamine" kekahi, ua kiaha dala waiwai, a ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kāna hana o ana,' pōniuniu a me nā vestibular kāna hana. Hookomoia ma ka papa "Aeron" likeʻeleu waiwai, ka hui hoʻohana no ka Kāohiʻana o ka seasickness.

I ka hana ana o ka m-holinoblokatorov "Atropine" a me ka "Scopolamine"ʻokoʻa. Loa maopopo ka oko ao malama me ka hopena ma luna o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. O ia hoʻi, "Scopolamine", e like me ka lāʻau "atropine", ka mea i ka hai ole o ke kikowaenaʻano a hiki i ka poe liilii, nā māhele. O ke kumu ho i kaʻokoʻa permeability o ke koko lolo ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai. Ia mea i loko o keia moe i ke kumu e Mr. holinoblokatory i loaʻa ka atropine, hoʻohana nui pinepine.

O ka semisynthetic nā mea loaʻa o maoli alkaloids i ka loa nuiʻano "Homatropine" a me ka "Tropikamid" a me ka "methylatropine nitrate", "Ipratropium Bromide" a me ka "Tiotropium bromide". A pau kēia mau laau a pau e hiki ke komo iloko o ke koko-lolo ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai. Ma kemikala i huiʻia e loaʻa i ke kolu o ka pūʻulu o ka m-holinoblokatory e like me ia hoʻi, "Pirenzepine" (hōʻike no ka ulcerative maʻi) a me "Tolterodine" (paipai incontinence).

palapala noi

M-Anticholinergics (keʻano papa hana o ka hana o kekahi o ia e e ho'ākāka 'ia ma lalo nei) e hoʻohana' ia i loko o kbps antispasmodics acee? Iuo oeiia o colic (hakuʻala, akepaa, intestinal) ia ka wā bronchospasm, hoemi i ke alapine (frequency) o contractions i loko o ka naʻau. Lapaʻauʻia paipai no ka ninaninau ana i ka fundus, Inc iritis a me ka iridocyclitis, haunaele o ka atrio-ventricular conduction.

I ka hana ana o ka m-cholinergic hakaka, i waena o nā mea, ua hoikeia mai ma ka hoʻomaha o ka gastric a me ka intestinal laumania Muscle, hoemi i ka secretion o digestive glands. Mahalo i kēia mea hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka iapaau ana o ulcers i loko o ka'ōpū, a me ka duodenum. pū ai 'i hoʻohana like antidoda intoxication holinomimetricheskimi a me anticholinesterase eiiiiiaiou.

Hopena o ia hoʻi, "Atropine" CNS

Ma lōpū nā māhele, a lakou 0.5-1 mg, ka lāʻau hiki lawa wale e mahuahua parasympathetic leo. Kēia ia lŘlŘ like me ka hopena o excitation o na-oaio? A ma ka medulla oblongata a me kona overlying oihana. Ma ka hoʻoulu i ka laʻau heluna o ka hoʻomanawanui mai ka pīhoihoi moku'āina, a ua hoikeia mai ma ka iini, kohoʻia kāna hana, hallucinations. Nui nui nā māhele paka inhibitory hopena e hoʻomōhala coma a me ka lōlō, mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko ole.

Hopena o ia hoʻi, "Scopolamine" CNS

Kēia lāʻau mea hiki ke kulia i inhibitory ia ma luna o ka ha awina o ka'emi ko kahua. Ua hoike mai ai ia ia iho i loko o drowsiness, ka luhi, ka hōʻemiʻana i ka like ana o ka REM hiamoe, amnesia. Aie i ka mea hiki e induce euphoria i loko o kekahi e hoomanawanui i ka poe i hana mai ia mea, aia no he dependency. No ka mea, o ka mea kiaha dala ole o ka lāʻau "Scopolamine" manawa i ka kekahi makemake e hoʻohana no ka mau anesthesia. Naʻe ia i hope hōʻike, i loko o loaʻeha ia mea hiki ia oe, a hiki i ka pākōlea nā māhele i ka iini, hallucinations a me ka manaʻo pīhoihoi. Hana ma luna o ka cerebral cortex, i ka lāʻau 'ano ua ālai' noi maʻi.

Ole o "Atropine" ma o ka mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko'ōnaehana

I ka papa kuhikuhiE hopena o ka lāʻau mea e hoʻololi i ke alapine (frequency) o contractions i loko o ka naʻau. O ia hoʻi, hiki ke hai tachycardia. Naʻe ma nā māhele ole e oi aku ana, naau kōmi ka ho'ēmiʻana ia lŘlŘ ka manawa a me ka ole i ka loli i loko o ke koko,. Mua ia i ea ae i keia ia mea aie a hiki i ka stimulation o na ioauoa o ka vagus nā aʻalolo. Akā, e huli mai i ka ia waiwai ua uluhia ia e Mr. holinoblokatory mea e komo iloko i ke koko-lolo ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai. O ia hoʻi, "Atropine" hiki ke pale bradycardia, a ua kena ae la ia e nā mea kemika o choline a me ka acetylcholinesterase nā mea kūpale, cardiac hopu me ka uila stimulation o ka vagus nā aʻalolo.

Ke ole o ka lāʻau "Scopolamine" ma o ka mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko'ōnaehana

Ma liʻiliʻi nā māhele, o 0.1-0.2 mg, ka lāʻau, kena ae la i ka nui emi i loko o ka naʻau kōmi. Ma hope o hoʻoulu i ka laʻau heluna ua mua malama tachycardia, a lawe hapalua o ka hora, a ua auou caiaiai ma ka bradycardia. Kekahi lōʻihi Ua belladonna alkaloids, a me ka 'ē aʻe ka m-holinoblokatory i hōʻike mai no ka iapaau ana o Parkinson ka maʻi. Maikaʻi i nā hualoaʻa loaʻa ka wā hoʻohana i hoʻohui pū 'ia me ka lāʻau "Levodopa". M-holinoblokatory loaʻa kā lākou palapala noi i loko o kāna hana o extrapyramidal ano, a i ke kumu ma ka antipsychotic ai '.