Hiʻona o ka 'ole o ka mālama nei i nā'aʻaʻa o nā mea kanu. E mālama nei'aʻaʻa o nā mea kanu: 'ole

E like me ka holoholona, nā mea kanu ka mea, ua kaawale amo maomeka mea i kuleana no ka haawi ana o māhuaola a hiki i ke kanaka, aeee a me nā'aʻaʻa. I kēia mau lā mākou e kūkākūkā i nā hiʻona o ka 'ole o ka hoʻokō' ia ''aʻaʻa o ka mea kanu.

He aha ka mea?

Lawelawe fabrics i ka poe no ka i ka mea, he neʻe nutrient pāʻoihana koi 'ia no ka ulu a me ka hooulu ana o ka laau meaola. Ke kumu no kā lākou mau hanana o ka auoiaea o na mea kanu mua ma luna o ka'āina. Mai ka mole i na lau, e like me ka mea i oluolu i ka koho, ko ia neiʻoniʻoni keu aku pele o nā pāʻoihana o ka paʻakai, a me ka mahuaola. Alaila, he kō kahe ana i loko o ka aʻe kuhikuhi.

Keu aku, a amo ia lŘlŘ ma na moku i loko o ka ulu lāʻau'aʻaʻa (xylem) lalo hookahi hānau - hoʻohana phloem kānana hale i loko o ka cortex (ka phloem). Ma kekahi mau, Xylem shape e hoohalike ai i ka mai o ke koko ma na moku o ka holoholona. Keena o ko lakou elongated, oblong shape hoʻohikiʻia. He aha hou aʻe nō i ka mall hiʻona o ka e mālama nei i nā'aʻaʻa o nā mea kanu?

He aha mau mea?

Oe e ike i ka loaʻa mau iniiaiie a me ka haumāna lole o kēiaʻano. E ka hāʻawi aku iā lākou i ka hae Mea Maluna, mai kaʻike pono o ka mea hoonui ae i kona omo. No laila, eia ka he mea 'ole o ka mālama nei i nā'aʻaʻa o nā mea kanu, a hooku iho la ia ma tabular palapala.

E like me oe i ike, xylem a me ka phloem mea i ka luna '? Ueony, like no me kona heterogeneous' ole a me ka hiki ke hana ia i ka laulā huahelu o ka hana.

E like me 'oe ke ike, i ka' ole o ka mālama nei i nā'aʻaʻa o nā mea kanu i kekahi mau hoʻokalakupua ka manaʻo pohihihi meaʻaʻoheʻokoʻa. Hehe, ka mea, ua nui maʻalahi ma mua i loko o kiekie mammals keena.

Xylem. lawelawe oihana mua

Na kahiko oihana mua o ka holoʻokoʻa vascular'ōnaehana i tracheids. A-hea aku kekahi 'ano o ke keena me ka ho'ākāka' ia, kuhikuhi mai la lakou welau. He mai ia lakou, a laila hanaʻia iʻike mau lāʻau puluniu lole. Ka mea, i nui ai oolea paia mānoanoa. Palapala tracheids hiki e loa okoa:

• O-apo hookahi.
• ʻoni iho.
• Ma ka palapala o ke kiko huina.
• Ka spore.

Ua hoʻomanaʻoʻia ai ia ia i ka hele nutrient pāʻoihana ua wae 'ma mau ili, a no ia mea, ua hala loa haʻahaʻa lākou neʻe holo. Kēia mau mea nui mall hiʻona o ka e mālama nei i nā'aʻaʻa o nā mea kanu i pinepine poina.

Ma kekahi mau mea kanu ke hālāwai ka mall hehee ai?

Tracheids Hiki ke loaʻa i loko o aneane pau kiekie sporophytes. Lower gymnosperms i ka hapanui hoi i loko o kā lākou 'ole o kēia mau mall hehee wale, a hiki i kūlana loa nui he pāʻani ka mea. Ka mea i nā pā pōhaku ikaika o tracheids, a mākou i haiia ae maluna, ua, ae aku ia lakou e lawe mai,ʻaʻole wale 'ana e mālama nei i hana, akā, no hoi e hope, me mechanical' ole. Kēia mea - i ka loa nui mall hiʻona o ka e mālama nei i nā'aʻaʻa o nā mea kanu, mai i ka nui o ka hilinaʻi nui.

Pinepine ka mea, i ka hookahi kākoʻo 'ole, a haawi mai i ke kino o ka ikaika kupono i ke kanu wale. Ua akamai loa, a pau (!) Ma ka wahie o conifers i loa lede i kekahi hana ma paʻi'aʻaʻa, a me ka ikaika i hoakakaia wale n? E mai ana no tracheids. Ka lōʻihi o kēia mau kahaha ko oukou naau lawelawe oihana mua make i mai i kekahi mau millimeters i kekahi mau o kenimika.

I mau, haʻawina o kēia mau hiʻona mall o ka hoʻokō 'ia''aʻaʻa o nā mea kanu Grade 5 kekahi haumāna kula, akā, pinepine i ka ninau o na moku loihi i mea kanu hoʻihoʻi hou i nā haumāna o liluwelo faculties.

Ano o na moku

Ka mea, ho i ka nui loa kiʻiona hehee ai i loko o ka xylem o angiosperms. Ma helehelena e like me ka lōʻihi, puha Tube. Ia kēlā me kēia o ia mau mea i hanaia ma ka confluence o elongated keena ma luna o ka "luahi ami". Ka Hoʻohana o kela a me keia moku ua kapaia ka halepaahao, i loko o kona ooieoeiiaeuiiai 'ole e like me na tracheids. Ia e ke kaulana, nae, i ka Hoʻohana i nui lehulehu a me ka pōkole ma mua o ia mau mea.

A waeʻano o nā haumāna pono e makaala o kēia mau hiʻona o ka 'ole o ka lawelawe'aʻaʻa o ka mea kanu? 5 papa, a hoomaka ae la e lawe botany a me ka 'ole o ka mea kanu kino, hiki mua ke alakai ma ka loa alodio nä nïnau ma keia kumuhana.

I ke kaʻina hana o ka moku e ho okumu

I xylem, i muaʻia i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka? Acaeoey o ka mea kanu, i kapaʻia ka puke Paipala. Kona uku pila ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka aa, a piko o ke keiki hoi e pana aku. Ma keia hihia, ke kaawale Hoʻohana xylem moku ulu ma ka distal welau prokambialnyh kaula makalii. Ka moku iho akaka ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻi pū, ma muli o ia i ka lukuia'na o na i pohā. Oe ke ike i kēia ina oe e nana ana ia ma lalo o ka microscope māhele: loko o kahi waiho waho mau apo i ka mea pono i ka ia, aʻo nā koena o ka lukuia pā.

E hoʻomanaʻo mākou i mall oihana mua i ke aloha i kekahi e mālama nei'aʻaʻa o nā mea kanu, a eia kekahi o ia mau mea i loko o na aa o ka mea kanu.

• Epidermal iwi.
• Cora.
• Protoderma i mau Hoʻopuka hou i nā papa e moe ana ma luna.
• Ke apical meristem, i mea no ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu ciia o kanu mea kanu.
• Poho hou nä meaʻai lole i malama i ke kumu chap.
• Loko o ka mole hoʻonoho ninau'aʻaʻa: xylem a me ka phloem.
• ka mea, e hana, niioaaonoaaiii, mai protofloemy a me ka protoksilemy.
• Endodermis.

Protoksilema ( 'o ia hoʻi, ka mua kiʻi i loko o nā ipu kanu) akaka ma ka loa luna o nā mea a pau'ōpiopio iho nā loko. Education i wahi 'ana ma lalo o kekahi papa o ka meristem, i mea ma na keena a puni na moku koko hoʻomau e ulu hikiwawe loa a me ka aeo. It E e kaulana ia i oʻo ipu protoksilemy i i lilo aku i ko lakou hiki ana i ka'ō aku, no ka mea, kā lākou mau pā pōhaku ka mea,ʻaʻole i undergone woodiness.

Nō kāu, ka lawelawe'aʻaʻa o flowering mea kanu e like me ka wepa i hooleiiaʻi mawaho kakahiaka lawa, no ka mea, ua koi 'ia ke kumu no ka malama i ka pono a me ka nunui kūlana pua.

Ke hoole i ka mea kuleana i ka solidification kaʻina hana? Lignin. A ka mea, ua pono i ka ia ua waihoia i loko o nā paia o ka "laina i" na moku a me kaʻoni iho ai i loko o ka annular kuhikuhi. Kēia kahua 'Aʻole e ālai ia' aʻe i kona papa o ka moku, e kikoo. I ka Ia manawa, i ka lignin hoʻolako loa i ka ikaika kohu kūpono o na moku'ōpio i loko o ka mea kanu, a ua ālai 'kā lākou lukuʻia me mechanical hana.

Ia mea ke kumu ia mea no laila, nui ka hoʻokō 'ia''aʻaʻa o ka mea kanu. Ke Kii, i mea i loaʻa ma ka 'aoʻao o kēia' atikala, e oiaio no e kōkuaʻoe e ike i kēia pukana maikaʻi, e like me ka maopopo hōʻike i ka papa kuhikuhiE eiiiiiaiou o ka olelo mai lole.

Education metaxylem

Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka ulu, hou moku, a i ke kanaka me ka nui mamua woodiness kaʻina. A hiki i ka hopena o ko lākou mau ho okumu i ka oo loa o na mea kanu, ka ulu kaʻina ua ana metaxylem. E Pehea e noonoo kiʻekiʻe-kula kālaimeaola, me ka 'ole o ka mālama nei i nā'aʻaʻa o nā mea kanu? Papa 5, ua nui kaupalena wale ma ka mea i kanu'aʻaʻa ola moku. E möakäka hou ua komo i loko o ka polokalamu aʻo o ka mua haumāna.

I ka Ia manawa, i ka ipu mua i hana mai protoksilemy E o mua, a laila, pau ka make. Oʻo ia mall me ka ho okumu i waho mai metaxylem i hohola ana a me ka ulu e hiki ole i ka rula. I mea, ia mea make, ia meaʻoʻoleʻa, a kāwaha paipu.

He oluolu e noonoo i ka liluwelo feasibility o ke kaʻina pele i loko o kēia ao. Inā mau moku ike koke ia, ka mea makemake e loa i keakea i ke kahua o ka puni nā'aʻaʻa. Like tracheids, vascular pā ai hanaʻia naʻe hiki ke maheleia i na kēia mau pūʻulu (kaumaha ma muli o kā lākou mau ano):

• Annular.
• ʻoni iho.
• Alapiʻi shape.
• Hei.
• Porous.

Mākou i hele aku i kou noonoo ana i ka mea i lōʻihi a me ka puha paipu o ka xylem mea i lawa me mechanical ka ikaika - maikaʻi'ōnaehana no ka haawi ana o ka wai a me ka mea pōhaku paʻakai pāʻoihana ma lōʻihi mamao. kahe ana i loko o kā lākou mau cavities ma ole ala hampered ma ka wai poho, a kokoke i ka mahuaola. He aha e kekahi mau hiʻona 'ē aʻe o ka' ole o ka mālama nei i nā'aʻaʻa o nā mea kanu? Kālaimeaola (6th papa waena kula) no hoi e noonoo pono i ka manao lokahi conductance Xylem pā. E wehewehe mai.

I ano like me ia ma keia manao i tracheids, xylem ae kahe ana o ka wai ma ka ili i loko o ka pā pōhaku. No ka mea, i ka puu o ka lignin, ka mea, i kiʻekiʻe ma paʻi ikaika, a no ia mea, mai ino, eia hoi,ʻaneʻaneʻaʻohe pilikia o ka uhaʻiʻana i lalo o ka manaʻo koikoi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau loli. Eia naʻe, ua ua ua kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka mea kiekie nui o ke kiʻiona hiʻona o ka xylitol, mahalo no i ka wahie o na mea he nui lāʻau ioeo ua wehewehe aku e kiʻekiʻe ka ikaika a me ka elasticity.

Ka mea, he ikaika, a me ka poʻe laholio xylem imua o ko lakou ikaika a au kahiko o na moku. ʻike makaʻole akā, ikaika lawelawe'aʻaʻa o nā mea kanu hoolako kiʻekiʻe ia'ku o lōʻihi tidara mau kia, a kākaʻikahi wawahi a hiki i loko o ka loa ua hao wale mai ai ka makani ino.

Lawelawe 'ole phloem

E noonoo oe i ka lawelawe mea, i mea i loaʻa i loko o ka phloem nā'aʻaʻa.

Mua, kānana 'ole. Material hoʻonui procambium ua IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE i loko o ka iniiaiie phloem. E noke ana me ka ulu ana o ka a puni'aʻaʻa protofloema koke Hohola ae la o, a laila, make o kona hale, a pau loa ia i pau ka moni functioning. Metafloema ke hoʻoholo 'ia kona maturation ma hope o (!) Of pehea ulu kanu pohaku.

Other hiʻona

No laila mea'ē aʻe e ike i ka mall hiʻona o ka hoʻokō 'ia''aʻaʻa o ka mea kanu? Grade 7 haumāna kula e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina, ma ka hou i nā mea a pau o ka luna, i ano o ka kānana hale a me kā lākou poʻe hoa lawehana, ka halepaahao. E kākau mai iā mākou i ka mea i iki hou au mamuli.

No ano 'ole i Hoʻohana kānana hale. Mua, ka mea, i loa lahilahi aeea pā, a loaʻa he wahi lihi iki o ka kelulose a me ka pectin. Ma keia aoao ka mea, he ikaika reminiscent o ka parenchyma keena. Nui! E like me ka la mahope, i ka maturation o kēia mau keena make aku loa nucleus a me ka cytoplasm "emi aku ana lakou", ua haawi lahilahi, ahu iho ma kaʻaoʻao ma loko o ka halepaahaoʻili lahilahi. Oddly lawa, akā, e noho ola, akā, i ka mea ia manawa ke kaumaha ma muli o ka halepaahao-hoa (e like i waena o neurons a me astrocytes i loko o ka lolo nona ka o ka holoholona).

O ka holo ana, i kēia mau hiʻona o ka 'ole o ka lawelawe nā'aʻaʻa o nā mea kanu Papa 6 ua IeAUPIIe, IAa IO i manaoia, akā, ka mea, e pono e ike. Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ma ka mea e ho i ka pā like o ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o 'ia ka mea kanu kino.

Ke kānana-paipu a me ka hoa keena

So. Hoʻohana kānana 'ole i hana integrally, i pili loa aku. Hoa aeea mea kū hoʻokahi i loko o kona cytoplasm ae la kona mau loa manoanoa, he he nui helu o mitochondria a me ribosomes. Oe ke koho i ka mea, i mana ole wale o ka "hoa", akā, i ke kānana Hoʻohana. Inā ka halepaahao mea he ukali no kekahi kumu make, make a me ka mea a pau 'ole, i ka mea i pili ai me ia.

Sami kānana paipu i hoopuni kapa hoʻohanohanoʻia kā lākou haku mele 'ana i loaʻa i loko o kānana papa. ʻO ka wā hoʻohana nawaliwali malamalama microscope ka mea, hiki ke hoopuni ike. Aia ka mea i loko o ka wahi ma ka hana ami kumu na welau o na Hoʻohana elua. Ua mea Logical ua mau mooolelo e like me ka papa o ka ulu ana o ka hapanui o kēia mau Hoʻohana.

Nā 'ano o nā vascular laulau

Ua loaʻa kekahi mall hiʻona o ka e mālama nei i nā'aʻaʻa o nā mea kanu no? Biologists manaoio ka poe i kekahi, ao ke ano o ka 'ole o vascular laulau, a mākou pokole hoomaopopo.

'Ī maila nā hale Hiki ke loaʻa i loko o kekahi o nā mea kanu kiekie ae. Ka mea, i kekahi mau 'ano o ke kaula, i ka mea, aia i loko o ka aa, opiopio hoi e pana aku, a me na wahi e ae, i mea mau e ulu ana. Ka 'ole o kēia mau laulau nā moku kūkākūkā ano mamua aku me mechanical kākoʻo hehee wale. Kēlā me mall pa alima he o nā māhele:

• Wood Māhele. Ua ninoieo o vascular oolea a me ka olona,.
• Bast paena. Ua ninoieo kānana 'ole a me ka bast olona.

Loa pinepine kaola i hanaʻia a puni ka aiiay, ahu iho, a he o ka poe ola a me ka make parenchymal keena. Eia hou kekahi, i loko o kā lākou 'ole, ka mea, ua mahele ia i mau hoailona ia mea:

• Full - iloko o ka xylem a me ka phloem.
• Kāpili - i loko o kā lākou mau 'ole E wehewehe pū wale i kekahi o kēia mau mea nā'aʻaʻa.

Mea Maluna o vascular laulau o Lota

Currently, muli o kona kulana, he pono ole o ka maʻamau Mea Maluna o ka hailona ana i hookaawale ai i ka vascular laulau i loko o ka kēiaʻano likeʻole:

• Hoopau iho nei, collateral type.
• Hoopau iho nei, bikollateralnoy? Ueo.
• Concentricʻano - aia ma waho o ka xylem.
• A oko o ka manao mua, ma a ka xylem - loko.
• Kahahānai kaola.

Ma mau, ia mea kokoke i ke 'ike' oe e ike i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i lawelawe fabrics mea kanu ma ke kula laulā maʻamau.