Ka 'Aha o Trent, a me ka loa nui hopena o kana hana

XIX Ecumenical Council o Trent 1545-1563 makahiki lilo kekahi o ka loa nui milestones o Catholicism. Most oluolu na dogmas o ka hapalua o ka Ka Wā Kaukani hope, e noho i pololei ia. High Ahaolelo o ka uhane alakaʻi o ka Ekalesia Hui ho'ākoakoa ma ke kiekie o ka Reformation, ka wā disgruntled hainā a me ka ola o ka hana maʻamau churchmen'ākau o ka poʻeʻEulopa hōʻole, e ike i ka mana o ka Pope. Ka 'Aha o Trent, a me ka loa nui hopena o kana hana, he kuleana "kūpono'" i na reformers, omaka i ka milestone LIKE LIKE-Reformation o ka XVI kenekulia.

Ka uhane kāʻei kua o ka kaua

Hui Church a hiki i ka pau ana o ka XV kenekulia, i kia i loko o kona lima i ka puu o ka aina a me ka hoʻonui waiwai nui. Ma Europa, i ka prevalence ua hapaumi - he hapaʻumi o ka ohi ana o ka waiwai, mai ka waena, a me ka dala makahiki. Church noho lavishly, i kekahi manawa, i ka wa o ka nui loa o ka pono a ua ilihune. Kēia mea ke olonā wāwae o nā kumu o ka manaoio, i ka mana o ka ekalesia. Eia hou, i ka Pope e hoʻomano ua kauohaʻia e piele lākou i loko o indulgences - ", no ke kala ana o ka hala" kūikawā diplomas No ka kekahi nui o kanaka indulgences, hoʻowahāwahā i ke koʻikoʻio o ka hewa, e e kaawale mai a pau ka hewa. Oia kuai hewa i manaoio. Reformation Ka Center Kelemānia, a i laila hakina, a nana aku la e like me ka "patchwork Quilt". Ku ei keia noho lakou malaila kāʻei kua, a me ka mea i hooholoia, e mālama i ka 'Aha o Trent.

Nui poino i ka credibility o ka Ekalesia Hui hana humanism. Kona alakaʻi ua Erazm Rotterdamsky. Ma ka pepelu, "E halelu aku o ka mea lapuwale" humanist ikaika hoohewaia hewa a me ka ike ole o ka clergy. Kekahi kii o Kelemānia humanism ua Ulrich av Hutten, ka mea i paʻa i ka papal Rome hoa paio o Kelemānia reunification. Au e hoʻouka hou aku au i lilo ihola ia i waena o hoomana, a ua liturgical'ōlelo ua he Roma, a ano o hoahānau i maopopo ole.

reformation

Ke Reformation Ua lilo i global hakaka a hiki i ka paʻa o ka Ekalesia Hui. No ka mea hapanui loa ka mea, ua olelo ku e ia i ke Reformation he mau olelo hooholo o ka Aha o Trent. Ka loiloi mua manaʻo ua e hoopaa ia he ami halawai o ka Aha noho ma ka Pope, a me nā luna o ka Reformation. Eia naʻe,ʻano oʻano scholastic hihia pilikia.

October 31, 1517 Martin Lyuter kui hoʻi, a hiki i ka puka o Wittenberg Church kona "95 Theses" ikaika e hoahewa ana i ka oihana i loko o indulgences. Ma ka pōkole manawa, na umi o na tausani o ka poʻe i kākoʻo o Luther ka manaʻo. I ka 1520, i ka Pope puka i ka bipi kāne o ka excommunication mai i ka ekalesia o ka möneka. Luther akea puhi iā ia, i ke ano o ka mea hope loa anaʻe me ka Roma. Martin Luther i i kū'ē'ē 'ana i ka ekalesia,ʻo ia i makemake e hana ia maʻalahi. reformers postulates e ike i ka mea a pau:

• Nui, ke mare, ua hoʻokomoʻia ano o kapa, i ka hoolohe i na kanawai a pau i nā mea a pau.
• Ka Lutheran halepule hoole i icons a me sculptures o Kristo, a me ka Virgin.
• Ka Baibala - ka wale kumu o ka manaoio o ka poe Kristiano.

ka muli o Protestantism

Emperor Charles V hoʻoholo e intervene i loko o ka hihia. I ka 1521, Luther hiki i ka Reichstag i kaʻenuhe. Aiaʻo ia i noi ia e haʻalele i kona manao, akā, Luther hoole. Ukiuki, ka Auguseto haʻalele i ka hālāwai. Ma ke ala i ka hale ma luna o Luther pepehi, akā, ke Sakona koho Frederick ka Wise ua ola ia pee i loko o kona hale kākela. Ka nele o Martina Lyutera Reformation i i hooki.

I ka 1529 Emperor Charles V o apostates koi 'ia e hooko wale Hui hoomana ma ka ?? eoi? O ka Uhane Roma aupuni a pau (ma ka mea - Germany). Akā, me ka 5 mau poʻokela, a me ke kākoʻo mai o 14 kūlanakauhale loa. Mai ia manawa koke nō i nā kākoʻo o ka Reformation, hoomaka Kakolika e e kapaia Kalawina.

I ka hoouka i ke Reformation

I loko o kona mōʻaukala lōʻihi o ka Ekalesia Hui i ole ike ia hohonu turmoil, a hoomaka ae la ka Reformation no ia. Me ke kākoʻo o ka Hui'āina i loko o papal Roma poe alii, hoomaka ae la e 'Imi kaua "ka mikionali ka hoʻopiʻopiʻo." Ka'ōnaehana o ana nona hāʻuleʻana a me ka hoʻopau o Reformation manaʻo a me ka neʻe 'ana, i kapaʻia ka LIKE LIKE-Reformation. Ke kāhea ana o kēia mau hanana ua i ka 'Aha o Trent i ka 1545.

Ee hoouka ma ka Reformation i kaha maha ma ka hou o ka medieval hookolokoloia, ma ka outbreak i pepehi haneri o "Protestant heretics." Inquisitors i hooponopono o ka hoʻopuka puke. Me kā lākou ae, ka mea, ua hiki ole ke kakau i ka hookahi hana, a me ka "hewa" moʻokalaleo lawe i ka kūikawā " 'inideka o papaia puke" i mea e ke ahi.

Ka Hui mihi

Na Reformation Wāwahi ka Hui ao nei ma ka hapa, akā, ma ka waena konu o ka XVI kenekulia o ka poʻeʻEulopa i ka manao ana, hiki nō i ke kulana e? Ee. He mea pono wale nō i loko o ka huli no e hoolaulea aku ai, ua lawe nāʻaoʻaoʻelua no i koe i kekahi i kekahi. No laila mākou i manao ole wale maʻamau manaoio, akā, kekahi hapa o ka Cardinals a me Bishop. Mai i waena o lākou, oi insistent leo o ka poe i kahea aku i ka mea hoano, E nānā i ka hana o ka ekalesia mihi.

Pope ano pihoihoi mai i ka lōʻihi manawa ma mua iʻaelike ai a hiki i ka huli ana. Eia hoi, i ka 1545, Pope Paul III i mālama 'ka Ecumenical Aha. Wahi o ka 'Aha o Trent pili ia i ke kulanakauhale o Trento (Italy). Ua i wahi intermittently a 1563, oa no ka makahiki 18.

I ka lanakila o ka reformers o ka Ekalesia Hui

Mai ka outset, i komo i loko o ka ahalunakanawai, Wāwahi i loko o nā pūʻulu - kākoʻo o ka Hui mihi a me kona mau hoa paio. I ka mea, ua wela ka hoopaapaa hope ua lanakila. Ma lalo o kā lākou puʻe, i lawe mākou kī hoʻoholo o ka 'Aha o Trent, e koho i ke kulana o ka Hui manaoio no kenekulia.

Ke papacy i ke ana i ke kuai ana o indulgences, akā, e hoʻopaʻa i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka Ekalesia Hui, e hana i ka mea ulana pukapuka, o seminaries. pono hoomakaukau iho no lakou i ka paia o ka Hui kahuna o ka hou type i kā lākou hoʻonaʻauao mea i emi iki mahope o ke ka mikionali hai.

Trent: kona manaʻo a me nā mea hoʻomaoe

Ka Hale Pule Nui lilo i ka Hui pane i Protestantism. Ua Ua i mālama 'ia e Pope Paul III i ka 1542, akā, no ka mea, o ka mea kaua Franco-German, ka mua halawai i wahi wale nō i ka makahiki 1945. Hale Pule Nui i lawelawe 'ia e ekolu Pope. A huina o 25 halawai, akā, wale i loko o 13 kau lawe nui hoʻoholo i aloha ia i ka manaoio, aoao, a me ka hoʻopaʻi 'lula.

Trent mea i waena o ka loaʻiʻo i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Ekalesia Hui. Aponoia ma ka halawai o ka dogmas e pili ana i ka 'ia paha o nā paepae nīnau. No ka laʻana, na kumu o ka manaoio, i aponoia i ka Canon o Hemolele i ka Palapala Hemolele puke i ua hōʻike '. Ma ka 'Aha a kūkākūkā hou kekahi dogmas a Kalawina i haalele ai. Ma ke kumu o ka hui kūkāʻana ia i hooponopono hou e pili ana i maka.

Ke kumuhana o ka Kakalema o bapetizo ana, a e hooiaio ai, Evrahistii a me ka mihi, i ka ahaaina o ka mōhai o St. Liturgy, mare. Kēia dogmatic moʻo Ua pau pāʻoihana o purgatory, ka veneration o ka poe haipule, a no laila, ma luna o.

Pope Pius IX i aponoia i ka conciliar kanawai o 1564. Ma hope o kona make ana, Pope St. Pius V puka hookupaa iho la ia Aha catechism ka moʻolelo a me ka moʻolelo pule missal.

Aha o Trent: ka nui hoʻoholo

• Ke inviolability o ka Ekalesia luna kiʻekiʻe, ka Mass a me ka hooiaio ana.
• Preservation o na Kakalema ehiku, e hoomana i ka icons hemolele.
• E hooiaio ai no ka kūlana 'uao o ka ekalesia, a me ka lokomaikai kiekie mana o ka Pope i loko o ia.

Trent waiho iho la i ke kumu no ka hōʻano hou a me ka hooikaika ana i ka Hui Church ana. He hōʻike i ka mokuāhana ma me Protestantism lilo hope loa.

Ke ao ana o ka 'Aha o Trent ma ka Eucharist

Ka 'Aha o Trent (1545-1563) kamaʻilio maila ke kahe ana o ka Eucharist i ka pau wā o kona manaʻo. Ka mea, i nui kānāwai ekolu i ua hookama

• "Ke kānāwai ma luna o ka Mea Hemolele Eucharist" (1551).
• "Ke kānāwai ma luna o ka noho pu ana o nāʻano a me ka launa pu ana o na keiki uuku» (16.VII.1562).
• "Ke kānāwai ma luna o ka mea Hemolele O na mohai, o ka Mass" (17 H.1562).

Trent i malama ma luna o nā mea a pau, i ka maoli alo o Kristo i loko o ka Eucharist, a me ka ala eia kahi mea akaka ma lalo o ke alo o nā kiʻi o ka waina, a me ka berena ma ka hoʻolaʻaʻana, - «transubstantiatio». O ka holo ana, keia i ka hana maʻamau ma o ka elucidation, no ka mea, a puni ka piha ho'ākāka o ka pono i ka mea hana «transubstantiatio», hoopaapaa mawaena o theologians.

Mua ia i ea ae ia Kristo i makana i loko o ka Eucharist, ma hope o ka liturgy, ina no hoʻolaʻa kino a me ke koko. Ka 'Aha o Trent hookupaa iho la ia i kēia. Ua Ua ua hookupaa iho la ia no hoi e kekahi lula 'ano pono'ī ma waena o ka luahi o ka Mea Hemolele Service, a me ka mohai ana o Kristo ma ke kea.

Ma hope iho o ka 'Aha o Trent theologians hou i kia ma luna o kekahi wahi paiki nuʻukia o ka Eucharist i loko o ka alo ana o Kristo, a ma luna o ka sacrificial ano o ka Mass. Kēia kokoke Kalawina koi ma ka akau. No ka hailona la e pili ana i ka mohai o Mass, a me he mea la aole Hoole mea keia mea i ka mōhai wale mai o Iesu Kristo, overemphasis mōhai Service ia iho i loko ona iho i haawi aku i ka manaʻo i kēia mōhai ua hemo mai ia - Mokuna. Eia hou kekahi, excessive kākauʻana ma luna o ke kahuna i ka hana o ka Eucharist mea he "lua Kristo", i me ka nui loa hoemiia ke kūlana o ka kupaʻa kanaka i loko o ka liturgy.

ka hopena

Aponoia i ma ka 'Aha o Trent tenets pili kēia ua hoʻololiʻia e holo. Ka Hui Church ola ana e like me nā kānāwai hookama 500 makahiki aku nei. Ia mea ke kumu o ka 'Aha o Trent, he nui noʻonoʻo i ka nui mai o ka mahele o ka hookahi Ekalesia i ka Hui a me Protestant.