Kālaimeaola - ka 'epekema e Haʻawina aha?

Kekahi o ka loa kahiko, akā, e holumua ai, a hiki i keia la 'epekema mea kālaimeaola. He He 'epekema i Pilikanaka ke' ano o ke ano a puni mākou. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, o kela mea keia lā eʻalo mākou me nā haneri o ola mea: nā mea kolo, koʻohune, nā mea hoʻomaʻi, mea kanu a, o ka papa, kanaka. kino kēlā i kona mau 'ano a me ka' ole o ke ola, a pau i interconnected ma kekahi mau kanawai, a ua i loko o nāʻano likeʻole o nā Pilina. A pau i kēia a me kaʻimi ana i na kanaka he lehulehu, pīhoihoi a me ka io nui 'epekema like kālaimeaola.

Ke biosphere o ka Honua ma

I ka Honua ua noho ma ke ākeaʻano o ke ola 'ano apau loa. I mai la lakou a pau pāʻani aku i kekahi i kekahi, hana i na iwi. Ola ili o ka Honua. Ua Ua kapaia ka biosphere. Ma waho aʻeo ia ka biosphere, i ka Honua i ka iwi, e like me ka hydrosphere, lithosphere a me ka lewa. Maoli ai, ka mea holoʻokoʻa biomass biosphere iwi hiki ole nei 'Aʻohe wai iaʻu, mai ka mea'ē aʻe leho. No laila, i kēia mahele ka loa conditional. I ka mea, kela mea keia mea o ka iwi ua haku o ka elele mai ka biosphere.

No ka laʻana, ka mea lithosphere ua densely hoolahaia'ku [na kanaka me ka ilo, koʻohune, larvae, nā mea kolo a me mammals. No hoi, ka mea, ua aia i loko o ka haʻahaʻa o kona loa nei ano honua kahi mea kanu.

Hydrosphere, na poe ma ka hoʻopiha ana i nā ano o ka wai ma ka Honua, ka nui o ka pau honua, nani a me ka hana hoihoi i loko o kona haku mele 'ana o ka biomass. Ka lewa mea no hoi i kekahi koe. Aʻano o nā koʻohune, nā mea hoʻomaʻi, nā mea kolo, manu, a hiki mammals nō he integral kekahi hapa o ka ia, a hana ia no ka paʻa 'noho. E like me ka a pau, e hiki ke noho wale ma lalo o aerobic rula, oa i loko o ka honua a pau o ka lewa Aneane a pau e ola ana a pau (koe wale no kekahi mauʻano o ka koʻohune).

All biomass biosphere iwi - he multimillion kaiāulu o ke ola mea. A no laila, i ka 'epekema o wildlife, kālaimeaola, a pau pū i loko o kona oihana, e ua komo i loko o ka piha study o keia kaiāulu nui.

Nā Papahana a me nā mea i hoʻohana ma kālaimeaola

No ka hulina Ka Ikepili a me ka piha a me ka oluolu, mākaʻi ihola iā o nā mea e ola ana o ke ano maoli, kūikawā i nā mea i hoʻohana ma kālaimeaola. E like me:

• he scalpel;
• clamps;
• pliers;
• ana mea;
• pahele-i hookohu aku i;
• papa wiliʻai a me kaʻai i;
• paipu;
• pā ahi, a me Petri pā;
• dissecting kui kele a me ka papa;
• aniani keleawe a me ka kiʻiona makaaniani;
• heʻano o nā ʻano o nā microscopes , a no laila, ma luna o.

Keia, o ka papa, i ole he i ka papa inoa o kaʻano a pau o ka mea i kōkua biologists noho i loko o kaʻike a me ka noiʻi.

Nō hoʻi, he mea i ho'ākāka 'ana i kūpono e hana kālaimeaola like me ka' epekema. kālaimeaola epekema e lauwili, akā, hiki ke hoʻolaha i ka papa kuhikuhi o ia like penei.

liluwelo hoʻomanaʻo

E like me ka hopena, ua loaa ka mea kēia hopena. Kālaimeaola - ka 'epekema e Haʻawina ola nenoai mea oo piha, hulina a me ka hoʻohana' ana i keʻano o kēia loea.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE lālā o ka kālaimeaola

I kēia lā, kālaimeaola he ōlaʻi i o ma ka'ōpio 'epekema, i i hana mai ia ma muli o a hiki i ka hoʻomāhuahua o ka nui nui o ka' ike i loko o ka likeʻole ma o ka loa palupalu mea e pili ana i ke ola nenoai. Mākouʻike walaʻauʻana, Hawaiʻi nei ulu wahi o liluwelo 'epekema.

1. General kālaimeaola.
2. Aaiaoe?.
3. Zoology.
4. Botany.
5. Ke physiology o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona.
6. Anatomia.
7. Kanaka Physiology.
8. Kālaikaiaola.
9. Biogeography.
10. Biochemistry.

Mua o nā mea a pau, kālaimeaola - ka 'epekema o ke ano. No laila, a pau o kēia mau mea i ke kumu kahua o loko o ka pōʻaiapili o keia 'epekema.

General kālaimeaola: ka pā like, i ke kumu o ka mahele

Ma lalo o kēia inoa o ia hoʻi, ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka walaʻauʻana, ao ke ano o ke ola ana o na'ōnaehana ola: ka molekumu o, evolution a me ka muli i ka ano, functioning. Nolaila, i ka mau kālaimeaola ka loaʻa o ke kēia pauku.

• Cell kumumanaʻo a me ka 'ole o ka halepaahao.
• Ke ontogeny o meaola.
• Hakakino kālaimeaola.
• Aaiaoe?.
• Ke evolution o nā mea a pau e noho ana.
• Kālaikaiaola.
• Ke ao ana o ka biosphere o ka iwi Honua.

Mai ka papa ka mea i ike i ka kālaimeaola - ka 'epekema e Haʻawina i ka paʻa' ano a pau i nā mea a pau nenoai e noho ana me ka a pau. I ka holo ana o ke kula i ao mau kālaimeaola i loko o ke kula kiʻekiʻe, mai ka 9 a hiki i 11 kauoha aupuni. A me ka pono pela, no ka mea, o ka mea manaʻo e ia mai nā 'ia ma ona iho, loa ai eiiieaena, bulky, a koi aku ma mua o ka hana Outlook i loko o nā haumāna.

Botany i loko o ka papa kula

I ka lā, kńnaka i ka helu ma kahi o 350 000? Ueony, ka wā e hele mai ai i keʻano o kēia mea kanu. Maoli ai, keia huahelu muli o kona kiʻekiʻe, a me nā mea kanu i kū hoʻokahi a me ka hoihoi ',ʻaʻole e hana i kekahi hookaawale' epekema a dila wale nō me kā lākou mau haʻawina. Ma kēia 'epekema a me ka pili botany, kālaimeaola pauku.

All mea kanu hiki ke maheleia i ano honua kahi a me ka wai. Akā, i kēia mea he loa hoʻonaninani, ili honua Mea Maluna wale. I ka mea, he nui na taxa, genera,? Ueony, subspecies, a me nā kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana huahelu, a i maheleia mea kanu. 'O kēia ka pā like o ka mea kanu taxonomy, kekahi o ka botany oihana.

Aia mea no hoi he helu ana i nā oihana, e uhi ana a pau, ao ke ano o ke kanu ola:

• kanu morphology;
• kanu physiology;
• kālaikaiaola;
• biogeography;
• phylogeny;
• evolution;
• Hoʻokele waiwai Botany.

Ke totality o kēia mau sciences a pau, e like me ka pono me ka oihana i i kekahi hapa o kela mea keia mea o lakou ma ka huli, e leie aku no ka hulina study o ka huina o kekahi laau meaola. Nolaila, ua hiki me ka oiaio aku nei au i ka kālaimeaola - ka 'epekema o ka mea kanu.

Botany aʻo i loko o ka papa kula o ke kālaimeaola o 6-7 papa, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka polokalamu aʻo. Ninaninau 'ana i phylogeny a evolution ao mai i loko o ka 11th papa.

Zoology i loko o ka papa kula

'Epekema zoology i ho'ākāka' oi ma mua o 1350000? Ueo o wildlife. Ka mea uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa e invertebrates - nā mea kolo, ilo, kai mea. Kēia huahelu mea i hope, no ka mea, kā lākou noiʻi zoologists, aole i pau. I loko nō o ka mea i seemingly i mea e wehe, a ua ike na holoholona a pau, i hoʻomaka ai kekahi manawa e wehe hou? Ueo.

Zoology - kekahi o ka mea kahiko sciences, i ka loaʻa o kālaimeaola. Style - kekahi o ka loa a me ka pono ole ubiquitous nenoai e ola ana o ko mākou Honua. Zoology epa a me ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka' ole (nā mawaho, a na) o nā holoholona, kā lākou taxonomy, physiology,'anatomia, ethology, kālaikaiaola a me ka hana kemika.

Like pono me botany, zoology pauku mea OAXA no ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i liluwelo' epekema ma ke kula. Kona ihu e kau mai ma luna o ka 7th papa.

Ke kūlana o ke kālaimeaola i loko o kanaka ola

Kālaimeaola - ka 'epekema e Haʻawina a uhi no laila, he nui kekahi mau spheres o ke ola, i ka mea, aohe kanalua ana o kona mea nui a me ka manaʻo nui. Key examples i maopopo hōʻike a me ka hoao ia, penei:

1. Animals i nā'ōnaehana paleʻea i ka maʻi 'aʻai hikoko (mano a me nā kukuna) i he kumu maikaʻi no ka loaa a me ka wehe i ka laau no na maʻi o ka XXI kenekulia.
2. E piʻi like microbiologists, biochemists a me ka 'inikua biologists ae känaka e pakele ana i na mea he nui nā maʻi, me mea hoʻomaʻi a me ka mea koʻohune kumu.
3. Biotechnology, aeea a aaiaoe 'enekinia, ʻo ia ka mea e hiki ai ke hoʻoikaika' mahiʻai productivity, a hōʻoia i ka mana lāhui kanaka holoʻokoʻa.
4. Anthropological kālaimeaola hōʻike i nā kêia kanaka a pau ke ola, e recreate i ke kiʻi o ko ke ao nei, a me ke pale aku hewa i loko o ka wā e hiki mai.

Kēia mea,ʻaʻole i nā kumu a me nā kumu e ae oe e kamailio no kālaimeaola like me ka mea nui a me kaʻiʻo i loko o ka ola a me ka hana ana o na kanaka o ka 'epekema.

New lālā o ka kālaimeaola

I ka lā, he'ōpiopio, a me ka'ōleloʻana mai iā mau mea o liluwelo 'epekema e like me:

• biotechnology;
• microbiology;
• ke kelepona 'enekinia,;
• aaiaoe 'enekinia,;
• hakakino kālaimeaola;
• biochemistry;
• makahiki kālaimeaola;
• 'inikua kālaimeaola.

Ka a pau eiiieaena o kēia mau sciences e leie aku mākou, e emi iho i kekahiʻahahui pili ana i ke kahua ola. Nolaila, kālaimeaola - ka 'epekema o ke' ano i loko o ka wahi mua, a me ka pili ana i ka pomaikai i ka mea, ke haawi aku i kekahi kanaka.

Kālaimeaola i loko o ke kula

Kālaimeaola kahiko o ka'āina loli ma ke kahua o ka papa o maoli mōʻaukala (Grade 5 maʻamau). He me he kumuhana ia hoʻomaka me 6th papa (botany), Grade 7 - zoology, Grade 8 -'anatomia, 9-11 - mau kālaimeaola.

School papa o kēia 'epekema komo ai i keʻano o nā kumuhana i loko o kālaimeaola, i pili i kaʻaneʻane a pau o kona mau lālā a me na pauku. Keia ua hana i ka hana i manaʻo aukahi kiʻi o nā keiki pokole o ke ao nei, e like me ka pono me ka maopopo kaʻaluna o nā haumāna i ka nui a me ka manaʻo nui o ke ola 'epekema ma ka o kēia au nei.