Ke kivila kaua ma Tajikistan (1992-1997 makahiki): ano, mōʻaukala a me ka hopena

Ma ka Ewa o disintegration o ka USSR (a ma ka kakahiaka nui '80s), ke kahua ma ka outskirts o ka moku'āina ua i Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Moldova, Tajikistan, a me na mea he nui' ē aʻe Central hawaiian republics i hou hoʻokomo i Moscow, a ua, ma ka mea, ma ke alanui o ka separatism. Ma hope iho o ka'opi o ka Union ma hope o ka luku weliweli: mua haule ma lalo o ka puunaue ana o mākou compatriots, a laila, hoomaka ae la ka kūloko ke aupuni, e hoʻopau hiki a pau ka loaʻaʻana. Kahi o ka ia ha i hoʻomohala i ke kaua kūloko ma Tajikistan.

It E e kaulana ia Tajikistan, e like aneea oneiaey, ua noho kekahi o na mau Central hawaiian republics, i maoli i ole makemake i ka'opi o ka Soviet Union. A no ka mea, na kuko, aʻaneʻi i kēia mea alakaʻi i ke Kanawai War.

elue

It e ole, nae, kuhi i ka mea, hoomaka "koke a koke" no ka mea, o kela mea keia kŰia mea kekahi o kona mau kêia kanaka. Ka mea, e noho ana i loko o keia hihia.

Helu wehewehe successes - me. He aha ua Tajikistan 1990s? Kanawai kaua wawahi mai i loko o ia māhele o ka mua Soviet Union, kahi a kona mau lā hope ua nui na kokololio, a napoo ka ulu ana o ka heluna kanaka. I mea e somehow hoʻohana i ka nui hana me ke koe, hoolei kanaka ma kekahi kihi o ka aina. Akā, ua kiʻina hana a ka pilikia i ole, ua wehe pilikia a hiki i ka hopena. Perestroika hoomaka, ka hanalima mea hoʻonui i papani iho, e like me ka subsidy ua pani a me ka resettlement nā polokalamu. Hūnāʻia ka nele i hiki 25%.

Pilikia me nā hoalauna

I ka Ia manawa, hoʻokumu 'ia ma Afghanistan ka Taliban? Eia, a Uzbekistan hoomaka ae la e grossly ālai ia' aʻe i loko o nā hana o ka mua kaikuwahine Repubalika. I ka Ia manawa ma luna o ka mokuna o Tajikistan ke ehuehu o ka pono o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia a me Iran. Eia hoi, o ka Soviet Union mea ole, a ua hiki ole Puhi iho i hanaʻia Lūkini Hui, e hana like arbitrator i loko o ka māhele 'āina. Ke anakahi uila i nā maoli, ka mea, ua lilo ia i Logical hope o ke kaua kūloko ma Tajikistan.

Ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua

I mau, i ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua 'Imi ka pilina i ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana, a ma ia manawa i puka ma Afghanistan. Ma waena o Pashtun, Tajik a me Uzbek pūʻulu huli i ke koa paio no ka mana i loko o ka māhele 'āina. Ua Ua manaoia i ka Pashtuns i loko o ka Taliban alo ikaika ma mua o lākou notoriously hakina, a mau hakaka mawaena o lakou iho mau hoa paio. O ka holo ana, no ka Tajiks a Uzbeks ua wikiwiki e hoopaa i kekahi i kekahi. Ma kekahi, Uzbekistan ua 'Imi kākoʻo kona henchmen i loko o ka palena o ka Tajiks. Penei, ka Uzbeks hiki ke noonoo "piha" lala o kivila confrontation. Kēia e hōʻike mai nui.

No laila, i ka kūhelu na puali koa o Uzbekistan, a me ka polubanditskimi me ka ho okumu hissar Uzbeks 'Imi ālai ia ma ka oihana koa hana, a hiki i ka 1997, ka wā i ke kaua i mua hoomaka e mae loa. Ma mua o ka un Uzbeks 'Imi hoaponoia mai ia e ka mea i ka mea, supposedly kōkua laulahaʻole aku o'ano'ē Hoʻomana Mohameka.

Hana o ke kolu poe

O ka papa, e ku e ka kāʻei kua o nā mea a pau i kēiaʻano pupuka na aoao a pau i ole papani iho la i imi e Haiʻina mai i kekahi'āpana o ke kaka momona, me ka manao e mahuahua kona ole i loko o ka māhele 'āina. No laila, i loko o Dushanbe (1992) kokoke ka poʻe weheiaʻe la ko laua Iran a me ka US kauoha malu. Maoli ai, pâʻani ka mea, ma kekahi aoao, ke kākoʻo likeʻole kū'ē koa ma luna o ka mokuna o Tajikistan. OE kulana o Rusia, a lalau aku la ia, mai ka nele o ka mana i loko o ka'āina, i hoʻokani i loko o ka lima o ka pau - oi loa Saudi Arabia. ¶ʻO'Araba Sheikh hiki ole ke kōkua akā, nana ole pehea maikaʻi kēia Tajikistan me ke kumu, maikaʻi loa hoʻomākaukau no ana i loko o Afghanistan.

Ka hoʻomaka o ke Kanawai War

Amid a pau keia mau ulu opu o karaima nā hale, a ma ia manawa pâʻani kūlana nui i loko o ka hoʻomalu nakeke o Tajikistan. A pau ia worsened mai 1989, ka wā nuipa e pili ana i lawe mai. pio mamua Many, na kepa i ka kala, mai ke kolu aoao, ua makaukau hoi e kaua aku i kekahi a me kekahi mea. Ia mea i loko o kēiaʻano o ka "ai" a originated i ke kaua kūloko ma Tajikistan. Nā mana makemake a pau, akā, e kū ai i ka pono ai ke kokoke loa i kahi mea kalaka nui-karaima hale.

Nā clashes hoomaka i ka 1989. i ke kaua wawahi mai ma hope o Anati-Communist rallies ma Dushanbe kekahi poe akamai i manaoio. Allegedly ka Soviet aupuni laila, nalowale maka. Oia wale i naʻaupō, i kakahiaka nui me ka weuweu 70-ies o ka Moscow Aupuni i loko o kēia mau wahi ike wale formally. Nagorno-Karabakh ua hōʻike i ka piha hikiʻole o ka Kremlin a hiki i ka hana kūpono i ka hihia o ka hoʻoweliweli ', no laila, ua'ano'ē koa ana e hele mai o nā aka.

ke koho

November 24, 1991, i ka mua koho pelekikena koho, lanakila 'o ia ma Nabiyev. Ma mau, ka mea, ua oluolu ia e, e like me ka loaʻaʻana o kēia "koho" ia i ua ole. Maoli ai, ma hope o kēia hoomaka nuipa a fermentation, Peresidena o ka lānai hou i mahele kaua Kulyab mauʻohana, i hilinaʻi ma o ka 'elele.

Kekahi hoʻokiʻekiʻeʻia kākau hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i keia ua he nalu p kuhihewa o ke aupuni o ka lehulehu o ka opiopio Repubalika. So. Oiai i kia ma luna o ka mokuna o Tajikistan mea unaccounted no ka mea kaua a me ka ikaika, mai Afghanistan a me Uzbekistan, i ka hoʻomaka o ka hookui hookahe koko ana ua wale i ka mea o ka manawa. Eia naʻe, i ke kaua kūloko ma Tajikistan i hoʻoholo ma mua, mai ka kinohi mai.

hostilities

I ka hoʻomaka o Mei 1992 na radicals kū'ē i ka manaʻo o ka mea i hanaia o Kulyabis "National e kiai aku ia", koke hele aku la ma ke kūpono '. Ua pio ma ka papa kamaʻilio-oaio? A, Ho 'Oponopono,' Imi i nā mea pani hakahaka, i hoʻokahe mua koko. Hale kanawai ma lalo o ka puʻe e koke hoʻolako i ka kauaʻohana o nā kī pou. Ke'ī mai, i nā hanana o ke kupulau 1992 kūpono i loko o ke kahua o ka "ʻahahui" aupuni.

Kona 'elele kokoke e hana i kekahi mea pono no ke aupuni o ka lānai hou-i, akā,' Imi i paʻewa, e kūkulu kekahi i kekahi hana malu, a komo i loko o hamama confrontation. O ka papa, no ka mea, he lōʻihi manawa no laila, ka mea hiki ole hoʻomau, i ke kaua kūloko ma Tajikistan. Ma pōkole, e eʻimi kona kêia kanaka i loko o ka makemake ole e negotiate me ka hoa paio.

ʻahahui no naʻe iā ia ke ano o na lōkāhi, nona ma ka physical luku ana o nā mea a pau Loaʻaʻia mau hoa paio. Ua kaua aku kaua me ka loa, holoholonaʻino. ʻAʻole pio, aole hoi i na hoike i waiho. I ke kakahiaka nui Akuma ka o ka 1992 i ka loa Nabiyev i lawe ae hoʻopaʻaʻia, a ua hoʻoikaika e kakau inoa i ka recantation. Kū'ē i ka mana. Ma keia manawa pōkole mōʻaukala o ka Tajik kivila kaua paha ua pau, e like me ka mea hou kōkua i kaumaha loa ai sensible manaʻo, aʻaʻoleʻolu e mokuhia e i ke aupuni i loko o ke koko ... Akā keia ua,ʻaʻole ia e.

E komo i loko o ke kaua o ke kolu o koa

Mua, a hiki i na koa o'ano'ē hui i ka Hissar Uzbeks. ʻO ka lua, i ke aupuni o Uzbekistan i hoike aku au i oleloia i ka puali koa o ke aupuni, e kekahi hui i ke kaua ina Hissar e lanakila i ka hoomaopopo ana ka lanakila. Eia naʻe, no ka Uzbeks i i kānalua i ka hoʻohana i kona nuipa a hao wale ma luna o ka mokuna o ka kela mau, me ka noi ana i ka un olelo hooholo. He mahalo i keia "hodgepodge" punitive pela, oiai e mau ae la ia kivila kaua ma Tajikistan (1992-1997 makahiki).

Make ana o civilians

I ka hopena o 1992, Hissar a me Dushanbe Kuliabis paʻa. hoomaka kū'ē koa e hee aku i loko o nā kuahiwi ma hope o ia mea, hele aku la Tola tausani o nā mea pakele. hele aku kekahi o ia mau mea ma luna o Apmir mua, a mai laila neʻe na kanaka a hiki i Afghanistan. I ka papa kuhikuhiE nuipa o kanaka hee ana i ke kaua, hele i ka Garm. Eia naʻe, ma laila pū neʻe punitive poe. A hiki lakou i hiki aku i ka unarmed kanaka, wawahi mai i ka luku weliweli. Haneri o na tausani o na kupapau kiola i loko o ka muliwai pono Surkhab. ua ai nui loa i i ole na na kamaaina a hiki kokoke i ka muliwai no, kokoke elua makahiki kino.

Mai laila, i ke kaua ana, o ka flaring i, laila, mae wale hou no ka oi mamua o elima makahiki. I mau, ka "kivila" e kapa aku i kēia kue ole loa pololei, no ka mea, i ka 60% o ka poʻe hao wale o ka kue aoao,ʻaʻole e hōʻike i nā gangs mea, mai nā wahi mai o ka mea kahiko Soviet Union, a me Georgia, Ukraine, a me Uzbekistan. No laila, i ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ka hostilities mea maopopo: kekahi ma waho o ka'āina i noho loa ia e pono no ka lōʻihi, a ana koa e kū'ē'ē mai.

I mau, ke kue uprising i ole e pau i laila. Pehea lā ka lōʻihi o ia mau ae la ia kivila kaua ma Tajikistan? 1992-1997 makahiki, e like me ka kūhelu wahi o ka Hawaii. Akā, ia mea,ʻaʻole pēlā, no ka mea clashes hope lā, mai ke kakahiaka nui 2000s. E like me ke unofficial ikepili, ke kahua ma ka Central hawaiian aupuni, loa mamao mai ka maikaʻi i keia la. He oi loa oiaio manawa, ia Afghanistan i mau ua lilo i ?? eoi? Ee noho ai vakhabitami.

I ka hopena o ke kaua

He ole ulia e olelo aku i ka hewa nui no ke aupuni mea,ʻaʻole heʻenemi kaua,ʻaʻole he kūlohelohe, akā, he kaua kūloko. Ma Tajikistan (1992-1997 GG.) Heluna hiki ke hoomaopopoia mai lākou iho ka hoao ana.

Nā hanana o ia mau makahiki i wehewehe aku e alahula mau casualties iwaena o kanaka, e like me, alahula aneiai poino: ma ke kaua i luku aneane pau loa na hanalima aeuiiai ieaia? O na republics kahiko o ka USSR, māhunehune e hoʻokele e hoomalu aku i kekahi hanana ieie-noaioee, a ma ka manawa e haawi mai i ka 1/3 o ka huina Bedroom o Tajikistan. E like me ka oihana i na kii, a pepehi i ka liʻiliʻi loa 100 tausani kanaka, o ka mea helu - nalowale. Tellingly, i waena o ka hope - ma ka liʻiliʻi 70% Lūkini, Ukrainians, Belarusians, ka mea i mua o ka'opi o ka Union i noho i loko o ka palena o ke Aupuni Lepupalika o Tajikistan (1992). Ke kivila kaua i hooikaika mai, a hōʻeleu i xenophobia.

Ka mea pakele pilikia

i nō ike ole, ke mau helu o nā mea pakele Loa paha, ka mea, ua nui aku ma mua o ka miliona, a luna e olelo aku nei i ka Tajik Aupuni. Incidentally, ka mea, o ka pilikia o nā mea pakele mea no kekahi o ka loa ikepili koʻikoʻi nīnūnē a ke aupuni e ho'āʻo ana e e käpae 'pü me nā hoapili o Rusia, Uzbekistan, Iran a hiki Afghanistan ia. I ko kakou aupuni paipai i ka aina i koe ma ka liʻiliʻi loa eha miliona kanaka.

I ka nalu mua holoʻepekema, kauka, kākau moʻolelo. Penei, Tajikistan (1992-1997 makahiki) i nalowale ole wale hanalima kahua, akā, i kona 'imi naʻauao Kora naʻEsau. Hiki i keia manawa, i ke aupuni uaʻike piʻi ka huʻi shortage o na mea he nui akamai 'Oihana. Ma kekahi, no keia mea,, nō i i ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka ulu ana o ka lehulehu mea pōhaku hoʻokomo kālā i mea i loaʻa ma kona mokuna.

Peresidena Rakhmonov i ka 1997 i hoopuka ia ke kānāwai ma luna o ka hoʻolālā o ka lahui dala "e hoolaulea aku ai", i theoretically kōkua nā mea pakele, e hoʻi i Tajikistan. Ke kaua kūloko i ka 1992, he kumu kūʻai nui a hiki i ka'āina, akā, no ka mea, i hala oko ao, i kekahi uku noonoo.

kahi o ka hopena

Akā, no ka pomaikai o keia haawiʻano nui haʻahaʻa-mākaukau poe hana a me ka poʻe kaua kahiko o ka kue aoao. Kupono akamai ma ka aina, e hele mai hoʻi ia e hele e, no ka mea, ka mea, ua lōʻihi ua assimilated kahi'ē, a me kā lākou poʻe keiki mai i ike i ka 'ōlelo a me ka aoao o ko lākou mua'āina. Eia hou, kokoke e pau loa ia i luku ai i loko o Tajikistan hana ka poʻea pau he mau loa-ulu helu o migrant poe hana. I loko o ke aupuni, aole he wahi e hana, akā, no ka mea, e hele wale aku no ka mea,: i loko o Rusia, e like me ka 2013, ua mau hana ma ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka miliona Tajiks.

A ia mea - wale kauoha aku i hooholoia ma ka FMS. E like me ke unofficial ikepili, ka helu ma ko kakou aina, e hiki 2-3.5 miliona. No laila, i ke kaua ma Tajikistan kekahi manawa hou hōʻoia ana i ka manaʻo i ke kanawai e kue ana - i kaʻino mea i hiki ke hiki ma ka aina. Ka mea, e i pōmaikaʻi ai mai kekahi ( 'ē aʻe ma mua o mawaho poe enemi).