Ke koho wikiwiki loa hypersonic mokulele i loko o ke ao nei. Lūkini hypersonic mokulele

Maʻamau ohua pelane lele i ka mämä holo o ma kahi o 900 km / h. Mokulele hēkī koa kinai ke hiki aku ma kahi o ekolu manawa i ka mämä holo. Eia naʻe, kēia nā kānakaʻenehana mai Rusia a me nā'āina e 'Imi ulu hou kiʻekiʻe-mämä holo machines - hypersonic mokulele. He aha nō ka i Kekahi Mau 'o ka manaÿo?

'Oihana no ka hypersonic mokulele

He aha mea he hypersonic pelane? Ma lalo o ka poʻe mau maopopo like me ka mīkini hiki ke lele i ka mämä holo i na manawa he oi aku ia o ka kani. Hoʻokokoke mai i ka noiʻi 'ana i kekahi mau manaʻo nā hoailona ia okoa. Haawi hoʻomanaʻo ma i ka mokulele e e manao like i kekahi hypersonic, ina ia mea he mau oi aku ia mamua o ka wikiwiki māmā hana o kēia supersonic manaʻo. I mea e pili ana 3-4 tausani. Km / h. Ia mea, he hypersonic mokulele, ina e hahai i kēia hoʻomanaʻo, e kau i ka mämä holo o ka 6 tausani. Km / h.

Unmanned a hoʻohana kaa

Hoʻokokoke mai noiʻi ke oko a kekahi i loko o ka lākiō o ka hoomaopopo ana i ke ana hoʻohālike no hoʻi o ka nakeke no airplanes. Aia ka he mana i ka poe kupono pili wale mau machines i i hoi malalo o ko ke kanaka. Aia o kekahi wahi o ka manao, e like me a ka mokulele hiki ke noʻonoʻo pono a me ka unmanned no hoi. Nolaila, i kekahi mau nā kānaka kālailai classify na machines o kēia 'ano i ka poe e noho ana malalo o kanaka mana i ka a me ka poe i hana autonomously. Oia kekahi mahele paha e hoaponoia no ka mea, drones hiki i ka nui loa aku o formidable oaoieei-ano, no ka laʻana, ma ka olelo o ka holo a me ka accelerations.

Eia naʻe, he nui noiʻi noonoo hypersonic mokulele me he hookahi manaʻo, no ka mea, a he kī anakahi - māmā. Ina paha ma ka pāʻana o o ka mīkini i kekahi kanaka e noho ana a me ka mīkini e hoʻomalu aku lopako - i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea i ka mokulele ua lawa ka hookeai.

E ala - wale paha me ke kōkua o nā 'ē aʻe?

Haawi Mea Maluna hypersonic mokulele, a ua nānā '- e classify ia i loko o ka waeʻano o ka mea e hiki ke lawe aku ma luna o lākou iho, a me ka poe e noi mai ana noho no ka nui loa aku kou mana kaa - he rocket a me ka waiwai pelane. Aia o kekahi wahi o ka manao ma i hiki i apparatuses o kēia 'ano legitimately wahiʻano nui ka poe mea e hiki ke lawe aku ma kona iho a me ka palena haʻahaʻa komo ana i nāʻano o ka lako a pan. Eia naʻe, ka poe noiʻi ka poe i manaoio i ka papa kuhikuhiE ana i characterizes he hypersonic mokulele - wikiwiki, e e nui i loko o kekahi Mea Maluna. Ina ka mea, o ka paha o ka mea hiki i ka unmanned, uumi, hiki ke lawe aku ma kona iho a me na kaa - ina aiee o ka mea ma luna o ka AYEIE anakahi kīnā, ka mea, 'o ia hoʻi ia mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hypersonic mokulele.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE pilikia o hypersonic pāʻoihana

Manaÿo o hypersonic pāʻoihana - no na makahiki. Ma ka makahiki o ka ulu ana o ke 'ano kūpono o ka mea i ka honua o nā kānakaʻenehana ke hoʻoponopono i ka helu o ka nui pilikia, objectively iaʻi lakou i ka pukana "hypersonic" ma kahawai - e like me ka hoʻolālā o? Iecaianoaaiiie o turboprop mokulele.

Ke kumu nui o ka pilikia ma ka manao o ka hypersonic mokulele - e i ka engine hiki no i lawa ka ikehu efficient. Kekahi pilikia - ka hoʻopololei o ke koi 'ia thermal malu noonoo. Ka nui, e hoike ana i ka mämä holo o ka hypersonic mokulele i loko o nā loina a mākou e i manaoia ma luna, paipai i ka ikaika hahana maoli nō kēia o ke kino ma muli o ke kū'ē o ka lewa.

I kēia mau lā mākou e nānā i kekahi mau Eia kekahi laʻana o ka holomua prototypes o ka mokulele o ke 'ano kūpono, a me nā haku polokalamu, ua hiki ke me ka nui loa hoʻoneʻe aku i hua'ōlelo o ka holomua pāʻoihana o ke oleloia pilikia. Mākou e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina i ka loa kaulana global Aey? Acaeoey me ka pili ana i ka haku o hypersonic mokulele o kēiaʻano.

Ke koho wikiwiki loa mokulele mai Boeing

Ke koho wikiwiki loa hypersonic mokulele i loko o ke ao nei, e like me kekahi poe akamai, keia mea he 'Amelika Boeing X-43A. No ka laʻana, i ikea ai o ka mea ia i kākau i ka mea hiki i ka mämä holo i ka oi o ka 11 tausani. Km / h. I ka mea o ka hola 9,6 manawa wikiwiki ma mua o ka mämä holo o ke kani.

He aha ka oi loa noteworthy hypersonic mokulele X-43A? Hiʻona o ka mokulele like penei:

- i kā mākou mämä holo i palapala ia ma luna o nā ho'āʻo ma, - 11 i 230 km / h;

- wingspan - 1.5 ka m;

- hauna o lōʻihi - 3,6 ka m;

- Pake - cocurrent, Supersonic'ā Ramjet;

- wahie - ka lewa oxygen, hydrogen.

Ua hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ke kumuhana mīkini mea i waena o ka loa environmentally aloha. Ka nui, e hoike ana i ka wahie i hoʻohana kokoke kŰia ho okumu oʻawahia'ā huahana.

Hypersonic mokulele X-43A? Ac? Kāʻeokūlani, e NASA nā kānakaʻenehana, e like me poʻe Orbical Science Inc a me Minocraft. Ka mokulele i hanaia ma kahi o 10 makahiki. Kona hooulu ana i ua ua hoʻopuka kālā ma kahi o 250 mln. Dala. Mea manaʻo His noonoo mokulele i ka mea i hoʻololi i, e hoao i ka hope 'ike loea hou no ka hōʻoia' ana o ka Hawaii, hookomo iho la.

Development mai Orbital Science

Ka poe Orbital Science, a, e like me mākou i kaulana ma luna, komo i loko o ka hanaia'na o ka mea X-43A, kekahi e hoʻokele i ka ho okumu ana i kona mau hypersonic mokulele - X-34.

Kona luna māmā - oi ma mua o 12 tausani km / h .. Eia naʻe, ma ka mea hiki ho'āʻo ai i ka mea i ole, ua loaʻa - ma ka mea, ka mea nele i ka hoʻokō i ka pale kaua, e like me ka hoike ma ka pelane X43-A. Nānā akula au i mokulele hōʻeleu i ma ka harnessing Kao lele lako kaua "Pegasus", ke hoʻohana i paa wahie. Machine X-34 i mua ho'āʻo i ka 2001. Nānā akula au i mokulele me ka nui loa nui pa alima, mai ka Boeing - me ka lōʻihi o ka 17,78 mika, wingspan - 8,85 m + i kā mākou kiʻekiʻena hypersonic machines mai Orbical Science -. 75 kilomika.

Ka mokulele mai ka American North

Kekahi luawai-ike hypersonic mokulele - X-15, hoopukaia ma 'Amelika' Ākau poe. Keia pa alima nā kānaka kālailai kaila i ka mana.

Ua Ua lako pono me ka rocket kiko'ī, a haawi ala i kekahi poe akamai i mai i kaila ia, ma ka mea, a hiki i ka papa o ka mokulele. Naʻe, i ke alo rocket engine mau hiʻohiʻona nō ka mīkini, ma ka maikai e e suborbital hoʻii. No ka laʻana, i kekahi o nā ho'āʻo ma loko o keia ano i ikea ai e hoʻoholo moku. i hoʻomākaukauʻia manao X-15 - study o na i Kekahi Mau 'o hypersonic holo loiloi' ana i kekahi mau manao pāʻoihana, hou mea a me nā hiʻona e like mīkini hooponopono i loko o kekahi papa o ka lewa. Ua mea noteworthy i ka manaʻo o ka papahana i aponoia i ka makahiki 1954. X-15 lele i ka mämä holo o ka oi ma mua o 7 tausani. Km / h. I ka laulā o konaʻauheʻe - oi ma mua o 500 ei, ke kiekie, ua oi aku ma mua o 100 ei.

Ke koho wikiwiki loa? Iecaianoaaiiuo mokulele

Mākou aʻo luna hypersonic kaa maoli no i ka mahele o ka noiʻi. Ka mea, e pono e noonoo i kekahi? Iecaianoaaiiie Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka mokulele, e kokoke ana i nā 'ano o ka hypersonic, a i (i ka loli iki ana methodologies) ia.

I waena o kēia mau machines - ka American kūpono 'ana o ka M.-71. Ka mokulele, kekahi noiʻi kamaʻilioʻana, e hoʻohuli i ke hypersonic, mai kona luna mämä holo i kahi o 3,7 tausani. Km / h. I waena o kona loa ma ko ano - aku nuipa a i mea oi aku ia mamua 77 tona. kaa lōʻihi - oi ma mua o 23 mika, wingspan - oi ma mua o 13 m.

Ua Ua manaoia kekahi o ka Lūkini MiG-25, ka wikiwiki koa mokulele. Ka mea hiki ke komo i ka mämä holo o ka oi ma mua o 3.3 tausani. Km / h. I kā mākou lawe-ae la i ke kaumaha o ka Lūkini pelane - 41 tona.

Ke'ī mai, ke kuai? Iecaianoaaiiie hoʻoholo, a kokoke i na ano o hypersonic, Lūkini Hui - kekahi o nā alakaʻi. Akā, mea e pili ana i na Aey? Acaeoey i loko o ka Lūkini hapa o ka "Classic" hypersonic mokulele? He na nā kānakaʻenehana, mai ka Russian Hui, e hana i kekahi pāʻoihana, he hoʻok & kaʻa mai Boeing a me Orbital Scence?

Lūkini hypersonic kaa

Ma ka manawa, Lūkini supersonic mokulele mea ma lalo o? Acaeoey. Akā, ua mea he kaila. Mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka mokulele Ju-71. Kona ho'āʻo mua, e like me ka hoike ana ma ka Media, i paʻa i loko o Pepeluali 2015 i loko o Orenburg.

Ua Ua manaoia i ka mokulele e e hoʻohana no ka kaua hana. No laila, hypersonic mea hiki, ina e pono ai, e haawi aku me na mea kaua hoouka maluna o lōʻihi mamao, e kanaka hoʻoponopono i ka wahi, akā, ua i 'ole e like me ka hehee ai o ka hoouka mokulele. Kekahi noiʻi manaʻo i loko o ka 2020-2025 makahiki. SMF hiki ma kahi o 20 ka mauʻano o ka mokulele.

Ma ka Media, ua hōʻike i Rusia kuhi hypersonic mokulele e e waiho ma ballistic Kao lele lako kaua "Sarmat", a ua hoi aia ma ka manao ke kahua. Kekahi nā kānaka kālailai manaʻo e ulu i ka hypersonic mīkini Ju-71 - he mea ole ia e like me ka warhead, a pono e hookaawale, mai ka ballistic Kao lele lako kaua i loko o ka pae hope loa o ka holo, a laila, ma muli o ia i ke ano kiʻekiʻe o ka mokulele maneuverability e lanakila Kao lele lako kaua pale nenoai.

"Ajax" pāhana

Mawaena o ka loa pepeiaohao nui, i ke kumuhana e pili ana i ka hooulu ana o hypersonic mokulele - "Ajax". Mākou e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ia i loko o au mamuli. Hypersonic mokulele "Ajax" - o ka mea manaʻo kūpono 'ana o Soviet nā kānakaʻenehana. Ma ka scientific kaiāulu e pili ana i kona kamaʻilio hoomaka ma ka 80s. Mawaena o ka loa pepeiaohao nui ano - ke alo aku o ka thermal hoopakele'ōnaehana i ua papahana e hoʻopale ai i ka hale noho, mai overheating. Penei, e kaumaha aku ai i nā mea haku polokalamu o "Ajax" noonoo maalea, i ka pāʻoihana e kekahi o ka "hypersonic" pilikia ua hōʻolokeʻaʻia ma luna o mākou.

Traditional thermal hoomalu huakai kaapuni a lele ana machines komo ai ka hoʻokomo ma luna o ke kino kūikawā pono hana. "Ajax" haku polokalamu? Aaei he okoa manaʻo, e like me ka mea i manao e hoʻopale ai i ka mīkini mai mawaho hahana maoli nō kēia, a me ka hookomo ana i wela i loko o ka mīkini, oiai mahuahua kona ikehu kumu. I ka papa kuhikuhiE competitor o ka Soviet mīkini i noʻonoʻo i ka hypersonic mokulele, "holaKahua", hana i loko o ka United States. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ia ka mea i ka poʻe akamai o ka Soviet Union me ka nui loa hoʻonui na nā papaha o ka manaʻo, he hou 'ana i waihoia mai me ka laulā huahelu o ka hana, e like me noiʻi. Mākou ke i aku nei au ia "Ajax" - hypersonic multipurpose mokulele.

E mākou noʻonoʻo i nui au mamuli o kaʻanoʻenehana HOU mōhai akula ia e nā kānakaʻenehana, mai ka USSR.

Penei, Soviet akamai "Ajax" i manaoia e hoʻohana i ka wela ua loaʻa i ka hopena o ka airframe o ke kū'ē o ka lewa, hoʻololi 'ana i loko o maikaʻi kēia ikehu. Technically, ua hiki ke loaʻa ma ka kau i ka mea ma luna o ka mea'ē aʻe leho. E like me ka hopena, ka mea i hana i kekahi mea e like me ka lua o ke kino. Kona lua ua manao iho la e hoʻopiha i kekahi o ka hōʻeleu, e laʻa me, he läÿau, o combustible mea a me ka wai. Ka wela hō'īpale, ahu iho i o ka paʻakikī mea, "Ajax" makemake e auou caiaiai i ka wai, a ma ka kekahi lima, e hoomalu i ka engine, ma ka 'ē aʻe - e hoʻonui i ka catalytic naoh, a, nae, hiki ke ukali ma kekahi endothermic hookoia - i ka neʻeʻana o ka wela mai o ka pā māhele i loko o ka hihia. Theoretically, anuanu maila i ka pā hapa o ka mea hiki e kekahi mea. Oi wela, ma ka huli, ua hilahila e hoʻohana i hoʻoikaika i ka ka hoʻokōʻana o ka mokulele engine. Eia kekahi, 'ike loea i kēia makemake ae wahie hiki paha ke ku pono ana i ka naoh, a me nāʻano o noa hydrogen.

Currently i loaʻa i ka lehulehu 'ike ma luna o ka mau nō lā hoʻi o ka hooulu ana o "Ajax" loaʻa, akā, noiʻi manaoio i ka hoʻokomo' ia 'ana o ka loa i olelo mua iaʻi Soviet manaÿo i loko o ka hana pono.

Chinese hypersonic kaa

Competitor o ka US a me Rusia ma ka makeke o hypersonic pāʻoihana i China. Mawaena o ka loa kaulana manao nā kānakaʻenehana mai Kina - mokulele Wu-14. He He lāʻau hypersonic glider i ua kau ma luna o ka ballistic Kao lele lako kaua.

IDB OOOXO ka mokulele i loko o ka lewa, ma ke kaʻa dramatically? Pum? Ia, ulu ka hypersonic māmā. Chinese pa alima hiki ke lele aku ma kekahi IDB i loaa i ka laulā o ka 2 a hiki i 12 tausani. Km. Ua Ua loaʻa ia i nā ho'āʻo ma ka mīkini Wu-14 ua hiki ke loaa ka mämä holo i ka oi o ka 12 tausani. Km / h, e lilo ana no laila, i loko o ka wikiwiki hypersonic mokulele e like me kekahi mau nā kānaka kālailai.

Eia naʻe, he nui noiʻi manaoio i China ka ulu mea,ʻaʻole nō hoaponoia e kapa i ka papa o ka mokulele. Ke'ī mai, ka mea e like me ka mana, ma i ka nakeke o ia e hoʻolaha i ka warhead. A nui loa ka hoʻokō. Iloko o ka ia holo ana me ka na hiohiona wikiwiki i ka loa laekahi Kao lele lako kaua pale'ōnaehana hiki ole kumu hoʻomalu interception kupono manao.

Ua hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka hooulu ana o hypersonic kaa noho ma ka hana koa, e hoi komo Rusia, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. Ia manawa, i ka Lūkini manaʻo, no ka i ka mea, ua manao ia e hana i ke 'ano kupono o ka mīkini, me ka nui loa okoa, e like me ka mea e hoikeike ma naʻikepili i loko o kekahi o ka Media, mai na kumu muaʻanoʻenehana hoʻokōʻia e ka Americans a me ka Pākē. No laila, na haku polokalamu o ka Russian Hui i kia ho'āʻo pono i loko o ke kula o ka mokulele i hoʻolako pono me ka ramjet engine e hiki holo ma luna o ka honua. Rusia i na manao no ke kōkua 'ana ma kēia ala e hiki aku me India. Hypersonic kaa hana no ka Lūkini manaʻo, e like me kekahi mau nā kānaka kālailai i haʻahaʻa kāki a me ka lehulehu palapala noi.

I ka Ia manawa Rusia hypersonic mokulele, a mākou i olelo mai ma luna (U-71), kuhi, e like me kekahi mau nā kānaka kālailai, e like me ka manawa ua kau ma luna o ICBMs. Inā keia olelo eʻoiaʻiʻo, laila mākou i ke kamailio e pili ana i mea na nā kānakaʻenehana, mai ka Russian Hui e hana mai nā mea mahaloia Maui i loko o ka mea manaʻo hana o hypersonic mokulele.

hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

No laila, paha ka wikiwiki hypersonic mokulele i loko o ke ao nei, ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka mokulele, nānā 'ole o ko lākou Mea Maluna, ia mea no ka Pākē mīkini Wu-14. ʻOiai ka mea, e e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea maoli ike e pili ana ia, a me ka poe e pili ana i nā ho'āʻo ma, hiki ke hoʻolaha. 'O kēia pahuhopu nei me na loina o ka Pake haku polokalamu, ka mea i pinepine i loko o ka mea i imi e hookoe mai i ua koa' enehana lākou ma ka malu. I ka mämä holo o ke koho wikiwiki loa hypersonic mokulele - oi ma mua o 12 tausani km / h .. It "catches i" me ka hooulu ana o ka American X-43A - na poe akamai i manaoio ia mea i ke koho wikiwiki loa. Theoretically hypersonic pelane X-43A, a me Chinese Wu-14 ke hopu mai ma luna o ka hooulu ana Orbical Science, pōpilikia ma luna o ka uku o ka oi mamua o 12 tausani. Km / h.

Ano o ka Lūkini pelane U-71 i ole i ua hoike mai ai i ka lehulehu. He hiki ia mea, e lawe mai e kokoke ana i ka mea kiko'î o ka Pake mokulele. Lūkini nā kānakaʻenehana i alakai i ka hooulu ana o hypersonic mokulele hiki o ka lawe ana aku i ka nānā 'ana ICBMs, a ma luna o lākou iho.

O kēia papahana o ka noiʻi mai Rusia, China, a me ka Amerika Huipuia, ma kekahi aoao ai kekahi e pili ana i ke koa. Hypersonic mokulele, irrespective o ko lākou hiki Mea Maluna, e manaoia kuhikuhi like me ka mea kaua lawe, loa paha nukelea. Naʻe, i loko o ka hana o ka noiʻi mai a puni ka honua ku theses i "hypersound" e like enehana nukelea, ka mea, e pono e maluhia.

Ua mea i ai i ka Hekikai o affordable a me ka ike loea pāʻoihana e hoʻonohonoho i ka nui? Iecaianoaaiiie o kaa o keʻano kūpono. Ke ano o ia mau mea i mea hiki ma ka widest huahelu o nāʻoihana o ka papa hana. Ka nui koi no hypersonic mokulele mea paha i loaʻa i loko o ka makahiki hana a me ka noiʻi.

E like me ke kāki o ka lakou mau? Iecaianoaaiiie mīkini 'enehana hoihoi i ka hoʻokomo kālā i loko o ia mau papahana i hoʻomaka i ka hana i ka amo hana. Hanalima hui, pūnaewele o nā lawelawe i pili e hoʻomaka i ka noonoo "hypersound" i kahi mea paahana, e hoʻoikaika i ka ka hoʻokūkū o ka hana i loko o olelo o ka hoʻolālā o ka lahui palapala.