Kuʻekuʻe aku'anatomia, 'ole, kuleana pili i

Ke kanaka kino o ka cohesive kahua. Mahalo i ka mea pololei ka manaʻo a me kona apana, Cuticura na mana a pau e pono ai ke ola. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kia o ke kino o ka iwi. ʻO kēia e manaoia e e he nui ke keʻena o nā ami a me ligaments. e hiki ke hana i kekahi neʻe Mahalo i kēia hoʻonaʻauao kanaka.

luna lala ami mea nui. Ka hapa nui o ia i mālama i loko o na lima a me nā manamanalima. Eia naʻe, ma ka mea e lawe mai i ka holoʻokoʻa maluna lala ana, i ka hana hoolilo aku ekolu nui ami: poohiwi, kuʻekuʻe aku a me na pulima oʻu. Anatomia o ka luna 'ikepili hale, no ka mea, ka mea, i loko o ko lākou haku mele' ana, ua nui māhele (iwi, ligaments, nāʻiʻo, nä olonä a me nā ipu koko).

He aha ka ke kuʻekuʻe aku?

Anatomia o ke kuʻekuʻe aku hui, poʻohiwi hui, e like me ka na pulima oʻu mea he harmoniousʻano papa hana ka mau eiiiiiaiou. Kēlā me kēia no kēia mau ē aʻei mea nui. Wale ma pono 'ole o ke ami a pau, ka mea hiki ke lawe aku mai kona hana. Abnormalities a me kāna hana o ka iwi a ligamentous i hoʻomākaukauʻia alakai i ka 'aʻe' ana o kekahi keena lala ka neʻe 'ana. ʻO ia pili i ka pathology ana o na moku koko a me nā aʻalolo.

Anatomia o ke kuʻekuʻe aku ami he 3 iwi, kekahi ligaments, mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku a me ka Muscle. No ka mea functioning o kela a me keia o kēia mau ē aʻei mea e pono ai ke koko lako a me ka innervation. E like me kekahi hapa o ke kino ka mea, he ipu koko a me nā aʻalolo a me ke kuʻekuʻe aku.

Anatomia o kona hoʻokumu ai i na eiiiiiaiou a pau a pau e hoʻokahi hookahi papa - e hookala mai kekahi lala. Nui, i ka manawa "kuʻekuʻe aku" mai nā 'ole wale na ami akā, i ka forearm. Mahalo i ka wahi hana o kēia nāʻoihana, ka mea hiki ke hana i nā kēia mau hana:

1. Flexion o ke keena lala.
2. Pronation a me ka supination.
3. Ka Manaÿo Hou lima.
4. Ke pili, a lawe mai i ka forearms.

Iwi a me nā apo o ke kuʻekuʻe aku

Anatomia o ke kuʻekuʻe aku hui ka pilikia, no ka mea, o ka luna 'ami. Keia mea kuhikuhi no i ka mea i ka mea, he a 3 iwi. Eia hou, pili ma ka mea o ka mea uuku ami pakahi o lakou. mea ma lalo o ka kūikawā mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku a pau o ia - he eke.

Maopopo manao i kēia hoʻonaʻauao hiki ia i loko o ka kūikawā Hawaiian Edition. Aia oe ke ike i na ami a pau e i ke kuʻekuʻe aku ami. Anatomia (Hawaii photo loaʻa i loko o Mea Maluna Iho, e kokua i ka maopopo maikaʻi ia) o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana i hoakaka ia ma laila, mai kekahi mau pana pua a me na pauku e hana ia ike i kona manaʻo.

Ka iwi, he lâlâ 'o ka mea i ho'ākāka' ia hui, Aia ma luna o ka luna (proximal), i kapaʻia ka humerus. Ua hoomaka mai ka'ūhā mua lua a me ka welau ma ke kuʻekuʻe aku kiʻekiʻe. Ua pili ia i na iwi omo o ka iwi. Inā mākou e nānā i ka mea i loko o keʻa-pauku, ka mea hiki ke ike ia ka hapa malalo mai o ka triangular shape. Ma keia ciia he mea articular ili. Kona konu hapa ua pili i ka ulna, aʻano he uuku ami. Ua Ua kapaia - humeroulnar ami.

I kaʻaoʻao (laterally) mea he huina lakou me ka kahahānai iwi. Aia, hoi, aia no he ami, kapa brachioradialis ami. Mau iwi i e i ke kuʻekuʻe aku ami a me kaʻaoʻao distal, ua i pili. Ka mea, nāna i hana i ke kolu o ke ami hoi - proximal radioulnar. A pau pu helu 'ia ma ka hoʻonaʻauao uhi eke.

He aha laulau i hanaʻia ma ke kuʻekuʻe aku?

Ma waho aʻeo ia na iwi,'anatomia o ke kuʻekuʻe aku ami komo ai ligaments. He He connective'aʻaʻa olona, i mea i koi 'ia e hoʻokō i ka neʻe' ana. Eia nō ka mea kēia pua.

1. Kahahānai collateral. Ua hoomaka mai ka huina hapa (condyle) ulna, i ua aia ma kaʻaoʻao. Next, he pua kiele ia ma lalo nei a me ka huakai hele a puni ka kahahānai poo. Ma hope o ia mea, ua pili i ka ohi mai ma luna o laila.
2. Ulnar collateral. Like ka mea mua, ka mea originates mai ka condyle o ka humerus (maloko). Mahope ka mea, ua kuu iho la ia. Ke Aloha i kēia hoʻonaʻauao trochlear notch.
3. Annular ligament o ke kahahńnai o. Ua ua ma waena o ke alo a me ka hope notch ke aupuni '. Ke olona, o ka ligament uhi kahahńnai, ma ia ka hoʻopili ia i ke kuʻekuʻe aku.
4. Square. Ua kōkua ai i nā ka pili ana o ka ai ana o ke kahahńnai me oki kuʻekuʻe aku.
5. Interosseousʻili lahilahi o ka forearm. He He anuanu connective'aʻaʻa i ua pono e koho. Ua ninoaaeyao ka holoʻokoʻa makahiki ma waena o ka ulna a me ke kahahńnai o.

ʻO nāʻiʻo i e i ke kuʻekuʻe aku ami

Nāʻiʻo - i ka mana ma i kekahi kanaka ke hana flexion a me ka hoʻolōʻihi 'ia' ana o na lala. kuʻekuʻe aku'anatomia nā striated nāʻiʻo, akā,ʻaʻole na nāʻiʻo i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ke ami. Aka hoi, ka mea, i ka integral loa, like ole ia, i ke ami hiki ole hana kona kuleana pili i. ʻO nāʻiʻo i aia i loko o ka proximal a me ka distal māhele 'āina,' o ia hoʻi, ma luna a ma lalo o ka ami. I waena o lākou:

1. Poohiwi. Ua Ua Aia iki ma luna o ka ami. Mahalo i kona forearm flexion ka neʻe 'ana i hanaia.
2. Biceps (biceps). E hoʻomaka ana i ka luna o ka humerus, pono-detectable me ke anakahi uila lima. Ua pili ia i ka flexor pae.
3. Ekolu-hina. He mea kuleana no ka holo ana o ka forearm.
4. Anconeus. Mau hea hana no ka palena manawa no ka ami.
5. Flexor carpi ulnaris.
6. Pronator teres Muscle. 'Oe e komo i loko o flexing ka forearm.
7. Lōʻihi palmar Muscle. No kekahi kanaka, ka mea hakuʻole. Kēia Muscle Ua koi 'ia no ka palena manawa no ka forearm a me ka lima.
8. Superficial flexor digitorum.
9. Brachioradialis Muscle. Kuleana no ka huli a me ka anuenue.
10. Muscle-instep. Ua Ua Aia i loko o ka iwi o ka forearm wahi.
11. Loa a me ka pōkole kahahānai extensor.

Mahalo i nā mea a pau o ko lākou mau keena nuku i hana ana. No laila, ka mea e e wahi no hoi a hiki i ka anatomical hale o ke kuʻekuʻe aku. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, na nāʻiʻo komo i loko o ka neʻeʻana o ka forearm.

He aha ka ke eke o ke kuʻekuʻe aku ami:'anatomia

All anatomical hale o ke kuʻekuʻe aku ami e puni iho la ia ma ka ai-kapaia eke. Ua ninoieo o ka synovialʻili lahilahi, a ua aia maloko o ka wai. Ma ka lua o ka eke nā mea a pau 3 iwi ami. E like me ka hopena, ka mea i hana i ka hookahi ami - kuʻekuʻe aku.

I ka huli, kela mea keia mea o ka mea liilii, ami ekolu ua i puni i loko o kaʻeke. Ma ke ala, i kēia iwi ka makana i loko o nāʻami o ka kino. Ua malama mai ka poino i nā iwi a me nā ligaments. A wai i loko o ke eke, ia mea pono e lubricate articular surfaces. Aie i ka synovial loli ana o ami a me nā iwi i i poino ma ka hookui (iloko o ka neʻeʻana).

He aha arteries hoolako koko i ke kuʻekuʻe aku

E hōʻoia 'ia ai nā mea a pau ka hoʻonaʻauao' ana e i ke kuʻekuʻe aku ho'āʻo o pono ai ke koko pele. Ua ua lawe mai me ke kōkua o nā moku nuiʻekolu. Iwaena o lakou: o ka humerus, ulna a me kahahānai artery. Kēlā me kēia o lākou, ma ka huli, i ka lālā. I mau, ke kuʻekuʻe aku lako me ke koko 8 arteries e holo ana mai ka papa i ka ekolu. Kekahi o lakou i ka oxygen i kou nāʻiʻo. Other kokuaia koko i na iwi a me ka ami.

A pau o kēia mau mea i hana i ka mea ulana pukapuka, o na moku - anastomosis. E like me ka hopena, i loko o ke pio ana o kekahi o ia mau mea, i ke koko nō haawi aku la ua i ka kino. Aka anastomoses ma waena o arteries mai i mau kōkua i ka eha. He no ka mea, o ka loa kahe ana ke koko mai ka vascular ulana pukapuka, ka pilikia, e hooki aku.

All arteries i aia ma luna o ka luna o nāʻeke ami. Mahalo iā ia, i ke ami a pau ua manaʻia e ka oxygen.

Vienna kuʻekuʻe aku

Ke venous'ōnaehana ua haawi ma ke kino. Mea i koe, a me ka'anatomia o ke kuʻekuʻe aku ami. Venous outflow mai me ka ho okumu aha keia articulation ua lawe mai i ka ia inoa (na arteries) ipu. I mea, ua hoʻi hou mai i ka naau'ōnaehana koko waiwai i loko o ke kalapona'okikene lua, mai o na ami wahi. Līkaia no ka mea kēia mau moku lawe outflow:

• lalo a me luna ulnar collateral - ka mea, he poe offshoots mai brachial aa koko;
• hoʻi kuʻekuʻe aku - ka mea, he mau lālā (mua a me ka hope). i kekahi hapa o ka cubital aa koko laua o lakou;
• interosseous hoʻi;
• hoʻi ka pāhawewe - i loko o ke koko lako i ke kuʻekuʻe aku hapa 1 o kona mau lālā;
• ka Media a me ka kahahānai collateral.

No kēia mau moku lawe koko e kahe ana i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE aa koko wai puna ekolu. Ka mea, i kapaʻia ma ka like me na arteries: ka kahahānai, ulnar a me ka'ūhā mua. I mai la lakou a pau hāʻule i loko o ka nui axillary aa koko.

Anatomia o ke kuʻekuʻe aku: lymph nōkahea (na moku a me nā aka wahi)

Ke lymphatic'ōnaehana ua i mai o na moku a me ducts. Nō hoʻi, i loko o ke kino ka mea, he mau pūʻulu o ka nuiʻike ākea aka wahi. I waena o lākou: axillary, kuʻekuʻe aku, inguinal a me nā paʻi hua o lymphoid'aʻaʻa. Eia hou kekahi, he poe uuku huahelu.

Lymph nōkahea ua lawe mai i loko o ka hohonu moku. Ka mea, e kokoke ana i na arteries a me aa koko o ke keena lala. Lymphatics mau lima hoʻomaka me ka lāʻau ulana pukapuka, holo ma ka iwi a me ka nele i loko o ka ulnar eiiiiiaiou. E möakäka hou outflowʻana ma ka poʻohiwi pae. I ka wai ua laila i ohi ia i loko o ka axillary lymph aka wahi. Ma hope iho o ia he mea he outflow i ka subclavian kumu. A laila, - ma ka akau a me ka hema thoracic leki uea.

Innervation o ka'ūhā mua a me ka kuʻekuʻe aku ami

E maopopo pehea ka mea, ua hoʻokō forearm ana, ia mea e pono e noiʻi i keia pauku, e like me ka'anatomia o ke kuʻekuʻe aku ami. Innervation o ka articulation poe ma ka papa me ka ho okumu ekolu. Lakou, ma ka huli, e subdivided i loko o liʻiliʻi lala.

Ma kaʻaoʻao o ke kuʻekuʻe aku ke alo i kahahānai a me Media nā aʻalolo. First - hanaʻia 2 hana. He kipaku ka extensor nāʻiʻo o ke kuʻekuʻe aku , a me ka na pulima oʻu, a me ka mea kuleana i ka hope o ka pā lonoaʻili o ka forearm a me ka lima hapalua. Ka Media nā aʻalolo hele ma kokoke i ka anai maluna lala. Holo nōhie, e haʻalele no ka flexor lāʻau a me ka manamana lima, e like me - pronator teres Muscle. Ke kolu o ka nui nā aʻalolo - ulnar. Ke distal palmar ka mea komo lala i kipaku na manamana 4 a me ka 5. Ke proximal hapa innervate na nāʻiʻo o ka forearm.

Anatomical hiʻona o ka 'ole o ke kuʻekuʻe aku i loko o na keiki

Anatomia o ke kuʻekuʻe aku i loko o nā keiki mea okoa, mai nā mākua. Naʻe, i kēia ami i loko o ke keiki hou prone i ka hewa. A me ka loa pinepine dislocation o ke kuʻekuʻe aku ami. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i synovial'aʻaʻa i keiki ua ole lawa i hanaʻia, ma ka Akä naÿe i nā mākua. E like me ka hopena, kona mau lima i loko o na keiki ia lŘlŘ podvivyh kahahānai poo. Ma mau, keia kŰia ua malamaia ma ka makahiki, mai 1 a 3 makahiki. A me keia mea oi, he pono ole i loko o na kaikamahine.

Pehea ua hoʻonohonoho kuʻekuʻe aku ami i ka ilio

'īlio kuʻekuʻe mau mea i 'ano like me ke kanaka'anatomia. He He ami pilikia no nā holoholona a me nā kauka holoholona lapaau. kuʻekuʻe aku hoi i ka ilio ua manaoia e e predisposed ke ami'aʻaʻa dysplasia. Ka maʻi mea a pau mawaena o na mea he nui breeds. Ua pili ia i congenital malformations. I ka dysplasia mea he gradual ka luku ana o ka'aʻaʻa, e kauoha ana i ka holoholona pathology hiki aku ai i ka lameness.