Law hoʻokoe

The Great Dictionary o ka hua'ōlelo like paha (Roma kani e like aequivalens) wehewehe i kekahi mea like paha, a me ka like o ka like i kekahi, i ka mea hiki oluolu puku. I kemika, i ke kānāwai o nā hoʻokoe (hoʻohana mai i ka hopena o 18th kenekulia, ka mea, ua aʻo aku i loko o ke kula, pili chemists a me biologists mai kekahi mau aina i kumumanaʻo, a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa) stipulates mea a pau Nine Inch pane koke ma ka like ana i kā lākou mau hoʻokoe. E wehe i ke kānāwai i ka German chemist I. Richter, nona na hana i lōʻihi ua ike. I kona ekolu-ka leo hana paʻiʻia i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1792 a hiki i 1794 makahiki, ke "nā loina o ka stoichiometry, a me ka papa hana no ana i ka Nine Inch hehee", KU¯ hoike i na Nine Inch pane koke mea lākiō. Ka mea, i hoʻolauna i ke kau e like me "stoichiometry". Ano ka mea, 'o ka pau pauku o ke kemika, e hōʻike ana i ka lākiō o ka reactants komo i loko o Nine Inch AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN.

Richter mua i loko o kana mau hana i lawe mai laupaʻi naoh nā helu kaulike. Ka mea, ho i kekahi conditional komo i loaʻa ka qualitative a laupaʻi 'ike e pili ana i ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana' ia i loko o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o kekahi mau Nine Inch kapa reagents. A hiki i ka alchemical 'epekema e Kû ke walaʻau ma hehee wale noiʻi i hoʻohana okoa hōʻailona hope haʻilula luna' (oia hoi o kekahi mau kumu) ua loaa Nine Inch. Akā, I. V. Rihter (ma lalo o ka aoao o kona kumu a me ka poe akeakamai 'IMANUʻELA Kant, ka mea i koi ia kekahi mau mea o ka sciences maoli komo likeʻoiaʻiʻo ka 'epekema e like me ka mea iloko makemakika) hoʻohana' ia i loko o ka ia hoʻi o Nine Inch nā papakuhikuhi a me ka manawa "stoichiometry", ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka naoh o ka laupaʻi helu kaulike a wehe i ke kānāwai hoʻokoe. Ke haʻilula, ia expresses hiki ke palapalaia: E2 • m1 = E1 • m2. Where m1 a m2 - kaumaha waiwai o "1" a me ka "2", unreacted, a me A1 a me A2 - ka mea, o ko lakou Nine Inch hoʻokoe.

E maopopo kānāwai hoʻokoe, ia mea pono e hoakaka ia like paha - mea heʻike mau maoli helu a me ka waiwai e hiki paʻa i ka hydrogen cation i loko o kaʻakika-mekala 'åkilikai naoh paha huina'ine like me ka hopena o redox reactions. Like paha nuipa - i ka nui o kekahi like paha. Ua Ua manaoio aku i kekahi like paha reacts waiwai ( 'ole displaces) me 1 gram o ka hydrogen a me ka oxygen me 8 nā huna' ole 35,5 nā huna o ka chlorine. Ma ka hana pono, i ka nui o ka waiwai like paha pinepine mai he uuku loa nui, no laila, ka mea, ua ana i olelo ia ma ka iole. I kekahi kameleona he he ikaika nui o (particles) (nā'ātoma, Ion a me nā lātoma) mea like me ka helu Avagadro: NA = 6,02214179 (30) × 1023. Weight o kekahi kameleona o ka waiwai, i olelo ia i loko o nā huna, ka heluna hapauuku like no kona kaumaha i loko o'ātoma nuipa huahelu.

Ma muli o hoʻokoe o kānāwai, ua hiki ke hoakaka i kaʻakika-kumu titration e kahe ana ma ka helu kaulike o ka naoh: KOH + HCl → KCl + H2O, mai ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o 1 kameleona o potasiuma hydroxide me 1 kameleona o hydrochloricʻakika ua loaa 1 kameleona o ka paʻakai i kapaia o potasiuma koloriside, a me 1 kameleona o ka wai. Ia mea, no ka like ke kaumaha o ka potasiuma hydroxide lākou, E KOH = 39 + 16 + 1 = 56 g. Hydrochloricʻakika - E HCl = 1 + 35 = 36 g., Potasiuma koloriside - E KCl = 39 + 35 = 74 g., Wai - E H2O = • 2 1 + 16 = 18 g. i mea e hoopau ai i ke neutralize 56 g. o ka potasiuma hydroxide pono i 36 g. o hydrochloricʻakika. Ka hopena e e 74 g. O ka potasiuma koloriside a me 18 g. O ka wai. Akā, mahope mai o ke kānāwai i ke kaumaha waiwai, unreacted hapaʻauhau iā lākou hoʻokoe, alaila, e ike ana i ka nui o ka mea kemikala ke ho omaulia i ka nui o e komo i loko o ka naoh a me ka lua o ka mea kemikala e hoʻomaulia huahana hua.

No ka laʻana, e like me ka makemake potasiuma koloriside, ina ka mea, ua ike ia hydrochloricʻakika i loa neutralized e 100 g. O ka potasiuma hydroxide? E ho ohana i ke kānāwai o nā hoʻokoe, hiki ke palapalaia: 56 • mKCl = 74 • 100. Alaila mKCl = (74 • 100) / 56 = 132 A o hydrochloricʻakika e neutralize i ka potasiuma hydroxide koi 'ia 100 64 100 Inā ke kulanakauhale g. Potasiuma hydroxide e neutralize i ka sulfuricʻakika. 2KOH + H2SO4 → K2SO4 + 2H2O, keia e pono e he loa okoa nui o kaʻakika. E like me hōʻikeʻia e ka stoichiometric coefficients o keia naoh, 2ʻiole o potasiuma hydroxide pane koke 1 kameleona o sulfuricʻakika a me ka hopena o ka 1 kameleona o potasiuma sulufahate a me 2 kameleona o ka wai. Ike i ke kaupaona ana o unreacted waiwai hapaʻauhau like paha paona, i kekahi ke palapala: 2 • 56 • 98 • mH2SO4 = 100, alaila, 100 e neutralize i ka potasiuma hydroxide koi = 88 g. MH2SO4 o sulfuricʻakika. Keia ano 155 g. O ka potasiuma sulphate. I ka nui o ka wai haawiia ma neutralization o 100 g. O ka potasiuma hydroxide hydrochloric paha sulfuricʻakika, e ia i ka ia, a me ka ewaewa ole i ka 32 g.

Pili hoʻokoe Kanawai kemika (mākau,'okanikaʻole, ke aloha, etc.) no ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i kekahi mau kumuhana, a me ka ho okolohua me ka nānā' ana ma o ka i ka ho omaulia o ke koena o Nine Inch reactions. Eia hou, ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia (no ka makaukau o ka mea kaupaona) ma ka manao a me ka hana ana o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, kahu moku, a me nā mea hoʻonoho hanalima no ka hoʻololi kemikala o Nine Inch waiwai. Lakou mau hana i ka hoʻomalu o Nine Inch, 'inikua, liluwelo, hui hoʻomaʻemaʻe-epidemiological keʻena hoʻokolohua, no ka mea, o ke kumu o na nā papakuhikuhi ma i ka i ka ho omaulia ana o na mea he nui ho'āʻo nā hualoaʻa.