Live koʻohune no ka gut: ka inoa. Meaning o koʻohune i loko o kanaka ola

Loa i ka poe liilii, a me kaʻike makaʻole i ka maka kapa ole, i ka poʻe e noho lā o ko mākou Honua - mea he microscopic koʻohune, fungi a me nā mea hoʻomaʻi. A hailona no ia, i ka nui i ka ieeeea?. Lākou kūlana ma ke 'ano a me ka kanaka ola mea okoa, loiloi' loli aʻe mai ka maikaʻi ma'ākilikai i ka io. E hoomanao i ka mea a na elele o ka koʻohune ua aoia hoi, e noho i loko o ke kaua'ō'ō ihe me kanaka meaola, a pehea mea nui ka mea, i.

Koʻohune - ola meaola

Mau mea i ka poʻe e noho lā loa kahiko o ka Honua i hookahi-aa? Meaola o microscopic nui. Ua ua ike ia ka He kokekau wale manawa o ko lākou mau hanana - 3.5 ieeeea makahiki aku nei. No ka lōʻihi manawa kaawale mai ia i nā ola mea ma ka Honua ole lakou. Wale laila ka mea, hoomaka ae la he kokololio kaʻina o ka evolution, a me ke ola, hoomaka ae la e pua i loko o nā mea a pau kona 'ano.

Manaʻo kanaka i aʻo i ka puu e pili ana koʻohune wale nō i loko o ka XVII kenekulia, ma na hana o Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. Ka mea, ua i kēia nä känaka 'epekema invented ka mua magnification, ma a oe ke ike i kēia mau moku i hanaʻi.

C Ua hoʻonui nuiʻimi naʻauao mea, hookupaa iho la ia ma ka mea hiki noiʻi no manawa. People lilo loaʻa 'ike ma luna pehea e nana e like microbes, a i ka' ole, ka mea i paa i ka waiwai o ka koʻohune i loko o kekahi kanaka o ka ola.

mall hiʻona

Pela, ua lilo i mea akaka i ka koʻohune - he prokaryotic meaola, 'o ia hoʻi,ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka like hapa o kona nā hīnaʻi manu hoopuka ia ka nucleus. Eia hou, ka mea e wehewehe aku i ka helu o na kēia mau hiʻona i loko o ka phenotype, a me ka na 'ole o ka:

1. Ke kino shape i e okoa: spherical (coccus), rodlike (bacillus) i loko o ka palapala o ke pai o nā hua waina (staphylococci), vibrio, spirillum, a me na mea e ae.
2. Aia paha e hookahi, akā, pinepine ho okumu ana holoʻokoʻa panalāʻau.
3. Kala like 'ole i loko o ka hapanui o na hihia aʻole' oe i, akā, kekahi mauʻano a hiki e nani he poni, a me ka uliuli. Loa pinepine hoʻohaumiaʻo panalāʻau ua ukuia e kuu i loko o ka papa o ka kūikawā pigments.
4. Ke aaiaoe mea i loko o ka halepaahao iloko ona i kakauia ka DNA lātoma i ua māhele ma ka waena konu o ka 'ole.
5. Ke ana i loko o ka makahiki ma ka lilo o ka flagella, kinoea vacuoles a mucous mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku kino ka penaʻana.
6. Mawaho o ke kino ua uhiia e ka halepaahao paia a me ka mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku, a i hoonohonoho ma lalo o nā mea a pau halepaahao organelles.
7. Mall mau māhele o aeee i 'ano like me ka poe i loaʻa ma ka holoholona, kanu hale. Ka waiwai i carbohydrate paha lipid droplet inclusions ke hoʻohana ikehu kuleana pili i.
8. Ma kahi i loko o ka halepaahao nucleus mea keia nucleoid oia hoi o ka DNA ili aku ai.

Nae ola koʻohune i loa he hoihoi 'ole. ka mea, i kapaʻia Aloha Hawaii mau microorganisms ke ahi lanakila o kānakaʻepekema a puni ka honua. Ma kā lākou mau hana kanaka a pau, ua loaa komo i ka hou 'ike i ka mea kanalua o ka mea nui no ka' epekema e like me ka a pau, a me kona kanaka nāʻoihana. I ka laulā o kēia 'atikala e ole ae e kūkākūkā i kēia mau nīnūnē ma hou au mamuli. No laila, ua, e kālele ana wale nō ma luna o ka mau manaʻo o kēia mau meaola, a hoʻomālama ma luna o ko lākou kūlana a me ka mea nui i loko o ko kakou mau ola.

Ke kiʻi o ka mea koʻohune ola

Mahalo i ka mea hiki ole unpretentiousness i ka noho ana, ua hiki e hohola aku nā mea a pau ma luna o ka poepoe honua i ka koʻohune. No kēia mau mea,ʻaʻole nā pilikia, aole hoi i anu, aole hoi i lanakila maluna o ka mahana a meʻakika a walaʻauʻana, lepo'ōmiko. Koʻohune, hiki ke loaʻa kiʻi o ka i loko o ka 'atikala noho:

• ka wai;
• lewa;
• lepo;
• wela thermal wai;
• wao nahele;
• hau a me ka hau;
• anoxic habitats.

Ua mea akaka i ka laha ana o kēia mau mea mai'ō a'ō. He paʻakikī i loaʻa ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i kekahi mea i loko o kekahi 'ia i loko o a ka koʻohune i ole hui. ʻO ka meaʻoe i luawai wai kekahi mau ia i ka nui a lawa mea.

Life o koʻohune ua hoemi ia a hiki i ke kumu kahua o keʻano o ka hanaʻana: no kou kino, nā'ōlelo, holo ma ka huli ana o ka ai, i ka ike ana o adverse ana. E like me nā mea a pau hookahi-aa?, Nā pahu hopu o ka ola, ka mea, i ole.

Ma ke ala o ka ai ana, i ua, ikehu omo, ka mea, ua māheleʻia i loko o:

• autotrophs;
• heterotrophs.

Ka mua pūʻulu kikowaena likeʻole koʻohune. Photos e ike hiki ma lalo nei. I mau, mawaena o lakou kekahi poe ia mau pūʻulu.

1. Photosynthetic - ia lakou iho loaa ikehu mai ka lā ma kāʻamaʻai.
2. Hemosintetiki - oxidized'okanikaʻole hui (luaipele, naikokene, hao) a recycle ia i loko o nā aloha.
3. Methane a methylotrophs - hoʻohana ikehu o ka'okesaside o carbonaceous mea a hiki i ka viability.

Heterotrophic? Ueo hoʻopau hoomakaukau-i ke aloha i huiʻia. E loaa mau microorganisms hoʻohana okoa ki ina hana like. Pela, ua hiki ke hoomaopopo iʻekolu pūʻulu o heterotrophic koʻohune:

• saprophytes - decomposed i koe iho o ka make mea kanu a me nā holoholona;
• symbionts - komo i loko o ae pono ke kākoʻo '-ola a me ka meaʻona;
• parasites - malicious a me ka luku ano o ka ola o ke kaua.

Ua mea no hoi e pōʻino haʻawina o koʻohune o kekahi hiʻona - sporulation. I loa adverse rula i loko o ka halepaahao mea hiki ke hooki aku i keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ke ola, a he mea e haule hiamoe, uhi me ke anuanu iwi. Keia ano ua kapaia he spore. Mai ke kino ke ola no ka makahiki, i loko o ke kali ana no ka pono? Aneie keia. Nā spores i loa hoʻopale i ke kūpaleʻana a me ka thermal lapaʻau a hiki no lōʻihi manawa.

i ka kanaka

Ka mea i ka meaola i ka ninau - mākou a eia i mau hoa ma kou ola ana, ka mea, ua loaʻa ma kahi hoʻokahi. A nui kūlana ma e kukulu i kēia mea pâʻani I. I. Mechnikov. Ua i ka mea i paʻa i ka moʻo o mau haʻawina Hōʻoiaʻiʻo O ka waiwai nui o nā koʻohune i loko o kekahi kanaka o ka ola.

Ua huli mai i ko makou ili, ka mucous membranes o ka ihu a me ka waha, i ka loko lilo o ka gastrointestinal'āpana, i ke pelvic nā loko - i kēia mau hale a i densely na kanaka] ma kekahi mau ano o microorganisms. Ka mea, kōkua iā mākou kaua nā mea palahēhē, e hōʻuluʻulu ai, i ka lakou ia lakou iho, mai ka loko. Ia lakou iho ma kahi o ka noho maikai ka noho, a no kou kino. Ie, e ola koʻohune i loko o kekahi kanaka e noho ana me ia i loko o pili symbiosis.

Inā pilikia ka maoli intestinal flora, ili,'ōpū a me nā nā loko, na kanaka hoʻomōhala mau maʻi, pinepine 'ia i loko o ka nui loa palapala. Ia mea ke kumu o nā kānakaʻepekema, kauka a me microbiologists i Ua hana probiotics. Ua kanana nei o ola koʻohune kekahiʻano, e hiki ke hookauwa na e hoopiha i, a hoihoi aku i ka kūlohelohe microflora.

Kēia waiwai ua i kaupalena 'ia prokaryotes. Man hoʻohana ia ma ka mahiʻai, ai hana, hookahi hana, 'epekema a me ka' ike loea, a me Biosynthesis hakakino kālaimeaola, a he nui nā mahinaʻai.

Live koʻohune no ka gut: inoa

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i kekahi 'ano o kaʻikepili microbes i noho i ke kanaka i loko, ka mea mua loa e ia e kuhikuhi i ka hapanui "waiwai" o ka wahi - ka naʻau liʻiliʻi. He keia kino haku o kekahi mau māhele, a hiki i ka lōʻihi (i loko o ka makua) i ka 12 m, o ka mea pono i ka hale no keʻano o ka Poeikohoia o prokaryotes.

Aia i ka papa kuhikuhiEʻanoʻelua, oia no kekahi mau ohana, a me kaʻano o? Ueo a me ke kanana nei i ka e ole e noho i ka olelo mai ke kino, a ua nui no na kanaka. Kēia mea He noho koʻohune i ka naʻau liʻiliʻi, ke genus inoa i ua haʻi ma Russian me ka Lactobacillus a me ka bifidobaktrium.

Radio kēlā me kēia no kēia mau mea nui i kūlana ma ka metabolic keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka naʻau liʻiliʻi. Nolaila, ke noonoo ia i loko o au mamuli.

Koʻohune o ka genus Lactobacillus: ke ano a me ka waiwai

Live koʻohune no ka mea liʻiliʻi, ke inoa o ka genus Lactobacillus i kani e like - kēia mau mea maoli e noho ma ka intestinal microflora ma lalo o maʻamau ana. Ka mea, i ka maikaʻi ia ma luna o ka nohona ma ke ano o ke kino, no ka mea,:

• hehi i ka hana ana i na mea he nui nui nā'ūhū a me nā polokina limahana ma ka'ōnaehana paleʻea keʻano o ka hanaʻana;
• hana i hakaka i pathogenic microbes, ke kāpaeʻana i ke kino, mai kaʻawahia;
• hōʻeleu i ho'ōla (regenerative) keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ka mucous membranes, a no laila, ma luna o.

Ua mea i hoʻohana i kēia mau koʻohune i loko o ka hana o ka haleʻuwī waiū huahana. Ia mea, i ko lakou mau ke kanana nei ia i komo i loko o ka like me ka hana 'ike loea o acee? Iuo oeiia o ke kūkulu no:

• ola yoghurt;
• yogurt;
• yogurt;
• cocktails a me nā huahana.

Laha 'o keia genus ua nui prokaryotes. No laila, i ka papaʻaina ua hōʻike ma lalo nei. Nā koʻohune o keia taxon, a noho i loko o ka naʻau liʻiliʻi, e ke komo pu ma ka papa inoa o ka Poeikohoia, a me kona inoa.

lactobacillus Reuter

Ua lilo ike o ia wale nō i loko o ka XX kenekulia. Eia naʻe, noiʻiʻepekema, mai kekahi mau aina i hōʻike i kēia mau microorganisms i kekahi hapa o ka gastrointestinal'āpana o mammals. Ma kānaka he nui loa o ka microflora ua kekahi haku o ke kanana nei o keia? Ueo.

Lactobacillus Reuter - he ola koʻohune i ka naʻau liʻiliʻi, a haawi mai la i ka inoa o ka German microbiologist, mua kaʻawale a me ka hōʻike 'ia ma kā lākou mau tribal affiliation i ka lactobacilli. Lākou manaʻo nui o ka ia me ia a me nā kānaka a pau o nā liʻiliʻi o ka luna.

Bulgarian yoghurt me kekahi kumu o "Lactobacillus bulgaricus"

Kēia kino i ike i ke kaulana immunologist I. I. Mechnikovym. Ua ua ia i ka mea mua, unuhi ae hoʻolohe i ka mea ana i pono keia mau mea huahana hana ma ke kumu o ke ola ana o keia bacterium.

He aha e na pomaikai?

1. Ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ka functioning o ka naʻau liʻiliʻi.
2. E hooikaika ana i ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu.
3. ? Ac? O pono keia mau mea microelements a me'amino nāʻakika.
4. Mehana laxative 'ole.
5. Huikala ana o ka pathogenic bacilli.

Bifidobacteria: 'ano a me ka waiwai

A hiki i keia genus e ola koʻohune, a nō ka mea kēia mau inoa:

• angulatum;
• animalis;
• asteroidus;
• bifidum;
• longum;
• magnum;
• Lepe Unuhi 'ia a me na mea e ae.

Wale ma kahi o 35? Ueo o meaola. Hoolilo i ka uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o intestinal koʻohune (ma kahi o 80-90% o ka huina o ke kaupaonaʻana o occupants). I ka waiwai o ka mea kēia:

1. Ka mālama 'ana i ka homeostasis.
2. Hana hoʻoikaika a me ka ho okumu ana o hoʻonele.
3. ? Ac? O nā wikamina a me nā'ūhū.
4. Hoihoi hou ia ana o ka maʻamau microflora.
5. ʻeleu komo i loko o ka pūnao.

"Bifidobaktrium animalis"

Ka mea, nā mau subtypes a me kekahi mau ke kanana nei o microorganisms kookoo-hoʻokino, iki manao palapala. E kaʻeleu loa i loko o ka normalization o ka na naau oʻu, no laila, hoʻomano hoʻohana i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kekahi mau probiotics a me ka ai ', e like me ka ai.

"Bifidobaktrium bifidum" - hoa

O ka papa kuhikuhi 'ana ua ma muli o ka antagonistic waiwai. e hiki ke inhibit pathogenic koʻohune, a hoihoi aku i ke kino, e hana maʻamau kēia mau meaola. Nō hoʻi he hoʻonui i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka e hoʻonele, no ka ulu nā wikamina, nā'ūhū a me kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma hiki ke phagocytosis o na kino.

Ke kūlana o nā koʻohune ma ke ano maoli

He oiaio no, nui a me ka multifaceted. Eia naʻe, ua hiki ke kuhikuhi i ke kumu nui keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ke ano maoli, a 'aʻole i dispense me ka meaola i loko o ninau:

1. Ka Paikikala o ka mea. Me hehee (naikokene, kalapona, luaipele, hao).
2. Lepo ho okumu.
3. Decomposition o ke aloha residues.

Penei, hoʻohālike me ka koʻohune ma ka aoao maoli he kūlana loa nui, i loko o kokoke alu like 'ana me nā mea a pau nā mea ola a pau hoi.