Macrolides - antibiotics / General 'ano a me ka palapala noi

Macrolides - antibiotics, me ka 'ole o ka i hoikeia mai i ka macrocyclic lactone apo hookahi. Lākou ke kaumaha ma muli o ka helu o ke kalapona nā'ātoma kaawale e 14-Aupuni Lālā a (clarithromycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin), 15-Aupuni Lālā a (azithromycin), he 16-Aupuni Lālā a (josamycin, midecamycin, spiramycin). Mau waiwai i hana loa i intracellular parasites (chlamydia, mycoplasma, Legionella, Campylobacter) a me Gram-maikaʻi cocci (aureus, piogenez). Macrolides - antibiotics pili ana i ka meaʻuʻukuʻawahia i huiʻia.

Nei ua ka mahuahua o microbial ia'ku i ka hana ana i keia ano o ka ai '. ʻepekema hoike hōʻike ia ma kekahi hihia 16-Aupuni Lālā a macrolides (midecamycin, josamycin, spiramycin) aua hanana hulina ku e pyogenic streptococci a me ka pneumococci, hoʻopale i 14-Aupuni Lālā a (clarithromycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin), a me ka 15-Aupuni Lālā a (azithromycin) mea lāʻau lapaʻau konohiki. Macrolides - ai 'e hana ana ma ka diphtheria a me ka pertussis, Legionella, Campylobacter, Moraxella, Listeria, Chlamydia, spirochetes, mycoplasmas, ureplazmu. It E e kaulana i microorganisms pili ana i ka ohana Pseudomonas a me Enterobakteriatsea i maoli ia'ku i nā mea a pau macrolides.

ʻano papa hana o ka hana

Ai 'ma keia pae aʻe i ka biosynthesis o nā polokina ma ribosomes o microbial keena. Macrolides - antibiotics, i ho'āʻo i ka bacteriostatic hopena. I ka ka lanakila i kā mākou nā māhele ho'āʻo bactericidal hana ku e pneumococcus, diphtheria a me ka pertussis. Mau ai 'hiki no hoi ho'āʻo immunomodulatory a me Anati-hoʻoʻino hopena.

Mau ai 'i hooholo koke ke kemu i loko o ka gastro-intestinal'āpana, ma luna o lākou adsorption kanawai o ka bioactive waiwai lehulehu i loko o ka la hoomalolo, i ka laʻau heluna palapala, e like me ke alo o ka ai, a me kona uku. Food me ka nui loa ho'ēmi i kā ka bioavailability o erythromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin a me ka medikamitsina, me kaʻaneʻane ole ia ma luna o ka bioavailability o ka spiramycin, josamycin a me ka clarithromycin.

Macrolides - antibiotics, nona ka lehulehu ma ka wai koko mea nui lower hoʻohālike au i fabrics. No ia mea, i kekahi kapa'aʻaʻa antibiotics. he hou ka hanauna o macrolides hiki wawe ka hoopaa i ka wai koko nā polokina. I ka lani kiekie loa degere o ka wai koko kumuʻiʻo ka paa malama me ka rodomiksinom (90%), ka mea haahaa, - me ka spiramycin (emi o 20%). macrolide ai 'i loa maikaʻi haawi ma ke kino, e pili ana i kā mākou lehulehu i loko o kekahi mau nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa. Ka mea hiki wale komo iloko ma ka halepaahaoʻili lahilahi, e pili ana i ka marginal intracellular hoʻomāhuahua.

metabolic huahana lokoʻano nui mai ka bile a me ka mimi. Ma hope iho o ka hoʻohana 'ana o antibiotics hiki iʻaoʻao loa me headache, nausea, ka luaʻi, diarrhea, mau nawaliwali, malaise, allergic reactions. Antibiotics la pūʻulu lawelawe me ka infectious maʻi o ke keena (huʻi sinusitis, streptococcal tonzillofaringit) a malalo (atypical pneumonia, maʻi bronchitis) airway, pertussis, diphtheria, syphilis, chlamydia, lymphogranuloma venereum, periostitis, periodontitis, loa huehue, kampilobakterioznom gastroenteritis, toxoplasmosis cryptosporidiosis.

He undesirable e koi 'ia kēia mau antibiotics i hāpai keiki. Scientifically ai hopena maikaʻi hopena o clarithromycin ma ka fetus. Josamycin, spiramycin a me ka erythromycin e ole i ka palapala ia ma luna o ka fetus, no laila, e hiki nō i hāpai keiki e hoʻohana. Azithromycin i kekahi manawa ua hoʻohana 'ia ma ka hihia o ka pilikia. Ka hapa nui o ka lāʻau-macrolide komo o ka makuwahine o ka waiū. I ka wā o ka breastfeeding mea maikaʻi, e mea iki aku oukou i ka hoʻohana i kēia mau antibiotics.