Metrology: ana, he ana mea kani. Mea Maluna ana ano

Mākou e ho'āʻo i loko o kēia 'atikala e disassemble i ka olelo hoopomaikai lākou o nā kumuhana: metrology, kūlanaʻano pili me ia, ka mea Lūkini noho metrological-oaio? A, e like me ke ana ana i mea - i ko lakou mau ano, ano, Mea Maluna a me ka pono. E ka hoʻomaka me ka loa e like me ka puka theme like - 'epekema kapa metrology.

Metrology: wehewehe hou, pahu hopu, kānāwai

Metrology, ana, he ana mea kani - interconnected manaÿo. Metrology (kahiko Greek μέτρον + λόγος -. "Ana" + " 'epekema") - ka' epekema o nā paona a me nā ana, o ke ana, kona epekema a me na mea paahana, e kōkua hoʻopaʻa i ke kuʻikahi, a me ka pololei o ke ana.

Paʻa o metrology paipai na kēia mau pahu hopu a me nā Pahuhopu:

• hooulu ana o ka hoʻokahi pähola 'o ke ana;
• hoʻonaʻauao nenoai o ka helu o physical naehana;
• Hoʻomohala a mahope kūlanaʻano o ia hoʻi, a me ka huahelu epekema, ano, e hooholo i ko lakou pololei, wehena e uniformity a me ka unification;
• hoʻomōhala maopopo mau hae nenoai, e kaha Eia kekahi laʻana, a i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o physical ia a eia i;
• like o ka'ōnaehana o ka paona, a ana i ka mōʻaukala retrospect.

Na walaʻauʻana kānāwai o ka metrology mea ekolu:

1. Kekahi huahelu - keia hoʻohālike.
2. No huaheluʻikepili me ka priori hiki ole ke loaa.
3. Hopena o nā ana me kekahi polopelema Hawaiʻi - wale kaulele ee iaaanu aey.

pauku metrology

'Epekema ua maheleia i loko o kekahi mau eiiiiiaiou:

• ʻimi naʻauao. Paʻa o ka metrology i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ke kumumanaʻo. Kēia māhele hoʻokolokolo ai i ka loa e like me ka pilikia o laupaʻi ana, e like me 'ana e hoʻomōhala ana iʻimi naʻauao dogmas.
• Ahaolelo. Social 'epekema, ka mea e hoʻoholo i ka mea i koi' loio, a oaoieei rula no ka pono o ka ÷ naehana ana kāu kiʻina hana a me na mea paahana.
• Pili. Hoʻokolohua, lima-pauku metrology, i hoʻolaunaʻia ma ke kūpono 'ana o kaʻimi naʻauao ke keʻena o ke ola, e like me Hana me ka metrology lako polokalamu.
• Historical. Huli aku i ka hala ana huahelu, kā lākou Holomua i ka manawa e hoʻoholo i ko lakou mau inoa, e like me ka pilina me ka hae o ka paona a me nā ana o ka modernity.
• Hana kūikawā pāhili. Mau nā "kūikawā" metrology - 'inikua, Nine Inch, aerospace, liluwelo (biometrics).

kūlanaʻano Metrology

Metrology a kūlanaʻano i pili loa ua hoʻopili. Kūlanaʻano o kēia kēia lākiō - i ka nui a me ka ho'ākāka rula o metrological kākoʻo, e hele pu i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie kaʻina. Ka mea, e pau ka hoʻopaʻi 'ana e pili ana i ka huina hoonui: palapala hoʻokonukonu i nā koi o ka pono mau hae o ke ahonui, e like me kāu kiʻina hana e loaʻa ai benchmark hualoaʻa. I ka Ia manawa ulu mau hae hiki ke hoopili ole wale i ka kekahi hana, akā, e lilo nō hoʻi ia socially maikaʻi kēia.

Kūlanaʻano Metrology pahu hopu ma ke kēia:

• Hoʻoholo 'ana o ka papa' ano o ka mea e like ai o ka kūmole huina hoonui, o ka mua loa, e hana mea ana hōʻike eiiiiiaiou, a heʻiʻo maka nō mea.
• Ka hooulu ana o ka hana i ho'ākāka 'ana hoʻohālike no ka mea e like ai o ka kūpono huahana i laila, paa ma ka mea o metrological ana.
• Ka makemake no ka uniformity o huahana.
• E pili ana mau hae'ōnaehana e hōʻoia i ka hoʻohuiʻana o nā mea a pau Ana i loko o ka hana.

Metrology a kūlanaʻano hana i loko o ka papa palapala elua:

• Hae - loio, aʻanoʻenehana kamaʻilio me kekahi mau rula, hooponopono a me ka pono no ka mea? Iecaianoaaiiuo, a me ka huina hoonui hope loa. Ka papa hae - keia ua apono ia e ka mana hui.
• Li (oaoieei-aku ana) - he lākou o ka rula, kūmau a me nā koi i kekahi mauʻano o ka huahana.

Me ka unahiʻole kūlanaʻano Metrology:

• International. International kūlanaʻano a Metrology Center poe koa o kekahi mau Hawaii 'amelika kuai, ke mau' epekema kūpono 'ana, me ka hoʻopololei o ka pono a me ka pale no laila, ma luna o.
• State. Kūlanaʻano Metrology lawe mai ma ka lehulehu Aupuni, a i kūkulu kona wā e hiki mai 'ana.
• National. Hou i ke aupuni me ka unahiʻole, akā, me ka pololei 'uao o ke Aupuni.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE Russian Center no kūlanaʻano a Metrology - he GSS (moku'āina nenoaiu o ke kūlanaʻano). Keia eiiieaena hiehie a pau na koi ana i loko o kekahi a pau, ka mea e kokua standardize manufacturing a me ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o nā wahi lulu mea kanu a me nā hale hana.

State Center o Metrology a me ka palapala hoʻomaikaʻi

E like me ka Federal Law "Ma ka hōʻoia i ka hoʻohuiʻana o ana" ma ka moku'āina pae kuʻuna hana e hōʻoia i ka unification o ka Russian State Koo o ke ana. a GMR mea i loko o kona mana - o ka moku'āina metrological hana. Ua nā nā kēia eiiiiiaiou:

• Branch o ke kikowaena nakeke o ka State Koo o ka Lūkini Hui kuleana no ka hoʻolālā, hooponopono a me ka hooponopono ana o ka uniformity o ana ma ke kānāwai aupuni keʻa-hana pae.
• SSMC (moku'āina 'epekema metrological-oaio? A) - kuleana no ka hooulu ana, stockpiling a me ka hoʻohana' ana o ka hae-hae, e like me ka pono me ia no ka makaukau o ka palapala hoʻokonukonu, ka hoʻolako 'traceability.
• HMS pālākiō huahelu o ka RF kanaka - e kō o metrological mana i loko o kekahi mau mea.

Oaio? Ia o ka nohona kanaka ma ka Russian Hui

Aliʻi State Metrology Center ua noʻonoʻo VNIIMS - All-Russian Research Institute no Metrological Service. Ua hāpai maiʻepekema, a methodical hooponopono ana o nā mea a pau metrological lawelawe, kahi kūlike kā lākou mau hana, e like me ka pono me ka ulu 'he ākeaʻano o (oicyenoaaiiie,ʻaha hui, akeakamai) kumu o metrological kākoʻo.

Ma waho aʻeo no nā ana hoʻohālike o VNIIMS nui-oaio? A ma ka Russian Hui makemake no hoi:

• VNIIM. Eia ka hana a me ka waiho waho e aneane a pau hae o ka World nenoaiu o nā paona a me nā ana, Ma waho aʻeo ka Eia kekahi laʻana alapine (frequency) iniha, kapuaʻi, a me ka manawa. Ke Institute oihana oi ma mua o 50% o nā mea a pau Lūkini moku'āina hae.
• VNIIFTRI. Ma waho aʻeo i ka manawa maʻamau i loko o keia kula, kaʻume mākenēki hāpana, i nā mea o ka Radio alapine (frequency) huahelu, paakiki, puʻe, ionizing pāhawewe, a me nā haahaa ana wela.
• VNIIOFI. Ana o kekahi kukuna kiko'î, 'inikua kiko'î, spectrometry, a me nā'ōnohi nā loina.
• SNIIM. Standards o ka uila,ʻume mākenēki, Radio a me nā aiaiiuo.

Hana metrology-oaio? A

I ka papa kuhikuhiE maʻi lele o ka ha awina HMS - mālama 'ana o ke kuikahi o ke ana i loko o ka moku'āina. Pū ma luna o kona kaʻana like 'ana o ke kuleana no ka metrological kākoʻo o ke ana i loko o Rusia, o ka moku'āina ana i loko o ke kula o ka metrology. Nä Kuhikuhi o ka GMR - ia mea:

• ke kukuluia'na o ka hae, ke aupuni, a me ka haumāna;
• ho okumu i nenoai a hōʻike EYI kiko'î o FB hana Si huahelu;
• gosnadzora ka hana / hoʻohana o / moku'āina /? aiiio ana nenoai;
• metrological ka ninaninau ana i kekahi mau 'atikala;
• methodical kākoʻo mai o lalo, metrological lawelawe.

oihana Rosstandart

Rosstandart a metrology - i ka hana o ke kula o ia mau hana:

• Ōhumu o ka hana, e hōʻoia 'traceability.
• ? Ac? O nā rula o ka honua nei, pūnaewele, apono a me ka hana o ka waiwai hae.
• Metrological moku'āina hooponopono.
• Alakai HMS a me nā lawelawe i kuleana no ka traceability.
• Apono o ka hae a me na hooponopono ana e hōʻoia 'uniformity o ana.
• Kuokoa ana o oaoieei-manaʻo ana hoʻi.
• Hoʻomohala a me ka apono ana o kāu mahele ki ina hana like.
• Anamanaʻo hōʻoia-oaio? Aʻike piʻi Si.
• Apono o M. ano.
• Ka malama ana i FSTS.
• Apono Si papa, malalo e hōʻoia.
• ? Ac? O ka laikini 'kaʻina o nā kanaka a me nāʻoihana i hana, hoʻoponopono, kuai a me ke kanaka ole ma ke Si no ka uku.
• 'O ka hoʻolālā a me ka hui ana o kela metrological hana, a pela aku.

Si - keia ...

E kipa aʻe kākou i ka nui densely Metrology a me ka huahelu. ana palaoa (Si) - he oaoieei-mea i ana i lawe mai. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma ka mea i ka mea, Radio paha e malama i ka pa alima o ke ana ana o ke kino a pau.

Federal Law № 102 hoʻoholo Si like kumu, kekahi o i ua hoʻolaʻa - ana. Wehewehe pū mai i ka mea no ana mea i loko o ko kakou aina, e hiki wale Pekelala 'oihana no oaoieei-hooponopono a me ka metrology.

Mea Maluna Si

Eia nō i ka loa e like me ka Mea Maluna o ana mea i loko o metrology a me ka huahelu:

• No ke ana ana kiko'î a no ka hoomaopopo ana:
  • puʻe;
  • wela;
  • mea;
  • ilikai;
  • pāʻoihana lehulehu, a pela aku.
• Nui loa ana:
  • paʻa waiwai;
  • kōkua iā ia,.
• Kūlanaʻano Si:
  • ana hōʻike;
  • ole-ana hōʻike.
• Ma ke kahua o ka hōʻoia noaia:
  • hae;
  • Si hana.
• E like me ka nui o ka hana nona iho:
  • lima;
  • hana nona iho;
  • nōna iho.
• E like me ka tehnaznacheniyu:
  • ana physical mea - M., paʻi a ho'āhu i ka waiwai o kekahi / mau nui like 'ole;
  • Mika - Si, me ka i oe ke aʻo i ka waiwai ana i loko o ka kekahi huahelu;
  • Lēkio leo - M., i pio i ka i ana ai i waiwai no kekahi;
  • ana'ōnaehana - he luna ', hoʻohuiʻia kekahi mau transmitters, kani a me ka hana, a ua noho ma ka henua;
  • ana'ōnaehana - he luna 'e hiehie mau ana, mea, nenoai a me transducers hiki o ana e pana aku i loko o nā wahi likeʻole o ka mea;
  • ana a me ka Me'ōnaehana - i ka'ōnaehana i hiehie mau Si, kamepiula 'ē aʻe, ke hoʻololi i ka hoʻoponopono' ana i kekahi a oi o ka ana o ka luna 'hana.

Ana: ano a me kāu kiʻina hana

ua kapaia ana loaa aiee o ka makemake loina empirically e Si. Kona papa kuhikuhiE ano i elua - koke loiloi a me ka like ana o ke ana. Hope hou puunaueia i loko o palena pau, 'Aʻohe, coincidence iaoia a me ke kue. Pili ana i ka mea kūpono Si hoomaopopo sensory, heuristic, akamai a me ka vocal hana.

Olelo ana o ka metrology a me ana, ua ho i ka Mea Maluna o ka hope? Ueo:

• Characterization pololei: like pololei a me ka kaiʻewaʻewa. A i 'ole i kā mākou pololei, ana a me ka hooponopono ana wilikî.
• Ma ke ala o ka loaa ana i kaʻikepili: E leka pepa a me ka contactless.
• E like me ka helu o nā ana: hookahi a me ka mau.
• E hoʻololi i keʻano o ka mea hikiʻole ke ana waiwai: kūpaʻa a me ka hōʻeuʻeu.
• I manaoia: metrological a me ka oaoieei.
• E like me keʻano o ka hoohalike o ka hopena: pili a me ka loa.
• E like me nā kiʻina hana o ka loaa ana efficientʻikepili: ala,ʻauhau'ēʻaʻe, huinanui a me ka hana.

noi Si

Eia hoi lopi "Metrology, ke ana ana, he ana mea" Kû ke noi Si dictated FZ № 102:

• ? aneie hoomalu;
• hana hoomalu ana;
• moku'āina hoʻoholo;
• mau mea o ka ha awina ma ka hoomalu ana i ka hana;
• hydrometeorology;
• kālā, auhau, i ka aoao, hui panakō ana;
• sport;
• alanui maluhia;
• kauka holoholona lapaau;
• o ka Ahahookolokolo;
• kele'ōlelo, lāʻau kū oihana;
• e like ka auhau;
• lapaau;
• hooponopono ma manufacturing;
• hana kemika, surveying;
• 'ōpala huahana;
• kuai;
• kahua o nukelea ikehu.

Standards a metrology ua nui no ka noiʻi, experimentation, a no nā mea a pau nāʻoihana o ke kaiāulu. Ināʻaʻohe kūlanaʻano ma ka metrology mea hiki ole i ka hana, i nā mea o ana i ka hou lilo i integral hapa o ke kanaka ola.