Mū Kākela pôpeku Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich: Kawaihae, lanakila a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Ma June 2016, he kanawalu-ono o ka makahiki o ke ola i koe Viktor Lvovich Korchnoy. Lanakila ma ka Mū Kākela papa - i ka mea wale mea ia ua ike ia ma ka aina. Man paakiki hopena, ua lilo kekahi o ka "defectors" nana e konane me ka a pau Soviet'ōnaehana, ua lilo ia i pili aupuni kaua, e kaua aku no ka Mū Kākela kalaunu. He aha ua manawaʻike e pili ana i keia kanaka?

paakiki kamaliʻi

Born Victor Korchnoi - March 23, 1931. Place o ka hanau - kulanakauhale o Leningrad. Kona mau mākua hemo koke ma hope o kona hanau ana, a ma ke ola 6 manawa hoopii ma o ka wahi o ka noho ana o ke keiki. Ka makuahine laila, ho'āʻo i ka lawe i kana keiki, hoi aku la ka makuakane, Kuhikuhi 'ia nele o nā kālā. E like me ka hopena, i ke kanaka opiopio i kona wā kamaliʻi ma kaʻohana o kona makua kāne, ka mea i make ma ke alo i loko o ka makahiki mua o ke kaua. Ma ka Ewa o Leo Merkurevich ia i ho'āʻo e hoouna aku i kana keiki i ke piʻoloke, akā, i ka makuwahine i ke keiki, a lawe hoʻi i Leningrad. He Ua lawe mai i loko o ka ohana o kona stepmother Rosa Abramovna, e ike ana a pau na ke haiia'ku o ka hoʻopuniʻana. He umikumamakahi-makahiki keiki hele aku la i ka Neva River no ka wai, lanakila i ka bombing Aneane kilomika o.

Viktor Lvovich Korchnoy, Kawaihae a ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka au mamuli i loko o ka buke, he Polish-Iudaio moʻokūʻauhau. Polish hoahanau o ka makua kāne i hikiʻole ke ola i ka hoʻohalahala blockade. He pū kōkua i Abramovna Rosa hana ma ka Lau hola. I loko nō o kēia, i ka 1942 ia e hele i ka haukapila me kaʻike, o "degeneration."

hoʻohihi maoli me ka Mū Kākela

Viktor Korchnoi nō he schoolboy, kona Kawaihae ua haʻiʻia i loko o ka 'atikala i hoihoi i ka Mū Kākela. A i ka makahiki 1947, lilo 'o ia i ka USSR champion i loko o kona mau makahiki pae. Oka me kėia, a ma ka makahiki 1956 i hoʻopiʻi 'ia GM i ke kanaka'ōpiopio. Ma ia laua, ia puka 'o ia mai ka mōʻaukala kumu o Leningrad State University, akā,ʻaʻole i ka lā i lilo ma ka hana kūikawā. i kona a pau ke ola Mū Kākela piha.

I ka 1957, ma Gagra ia halawai Isabella Margaryan, he haumāna ma ka IISS. Ua loaʻa iā ia he like hopena: kona mau makua wahine hemo la, ma hope i mālamaʻia ai e ia me kona makua kāne. Mua, he kaikamahine ua hilahila o courtship Korchnoi, no ka mea, ua i ia manawa,ʻaʻole loa fashionablyʻia, akā, koke no i ikea i loko ona he akamai a me ka hana hoihoi kanaka, a olelo mai la e mare. Soon ka hui i ke keiki, Igor.

I ka makahiki 1960, Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich i ke koa o ka USSR. Ka mea, ua ka lua nui ma hope o ka inoa o ke kanaka koa o ko ke ao nei, no ka mea, o ka Soviet Mū Kākela School Kīwala'ō i ka International Arena. He aneane 'akomi i ka inoa o ka loaʻa' Haku o Sports o ka USSR. A global alakaʻi i ka manawa ua Mikhail Botvinnik, akā, ua ikaika loa i loko o ke aupuni o ka Competition. Korchnoi ekolu hou, e ia i ka uwa o ka USSR - i ka 1962, 1964 a me 1970, kekahi me kekahi.

Life i loko o ka Soviet Mū Kākela âlapa pôhili me

Ma mua, Victor Korchnoi a pau ka hooponopono ia: i loko o ka 29 makahiki ka mea, ua i mua he 2-lumi keʻena, he kaʻa. Eia naʻe, ma ka makahiki 33 au i ka ulia me ke kālepa makai kaʻa, a ma hope o ka huila hou noho. Material i hoakaka ia, no ka mea, mai ka makahiki 1954,ʻo ia accrued he loa uku. A puni ke ao nei, ma ke alanui, ka mea i hoao ia he 'oihana haʻuki i loko o ke aupuni hana ole, no laila, GMs wahi i kekahi ano o ka oihana. No ka laʻana, Petrosyan i noʻonoʻo i ka poe akeakamai, a me Anatoly Karpov - economist.

Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich me Efimom Petrovichem Gellerom koke aku ma hope o ke kime Competition ma West Germany (1965), hele akula i kekahi o na kauhale o ia i ka hana. Pela no ka mea, kapa aku lākou mau hana ana a me ka simul. I ka holo ana o ka Lūkini-olelo ana âlapa pôhili me ua halawai i ke kanaka e kaumaha aku ai i loko o English Korchnoi e noho i loko o Germany. Akā, ma ia manawa GM i ole e noonoo i ka manawa kūpono e haʻalele i ke aupuni, no laila mālie hoole mai i ke kaumaha.

Kumu o ka emigration

Aia ka he mana, Kupanaha ma Korchnoi, i ka nui kūlana i loko o kona expulsion, mai ka aina hookani i ka mua champion o ko ke ao nei Tigran Petrosian. Iloko o ka ń moho ma Odessa (1974) ua he nui hana 'ia ma waena o ka elua, no ka mea, o ka a Petrosian hōʻole, e hoʻomau i ka Competition.

He ua he maʻa o nervously tugging wāwae, a Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich hoopiiia oia i ka lunakanawai. Petrosian, ma ka huli, i hoopiiia i ka mua hoa ana oia allegedly keʻehi iā ia ma lalo o ka papaʻaina, a me ka hoole i ka hoʻomau i ka paio ana me ka piha kūpono o ka moolelo i loko o ka lokomaikai o Korchnoi. Ke kauaʻoi loa ma hope o ka holo pono o Victor L. hele i ka ń iā Fischer ma Buenos Aires i loko o ke kime Petrosyan. Surprisingly, i ka hopena o ka oi ma mua o hookahi, e lawe mai iā lākou a pau i loko o kahua kolepa, a pau kēia mau lealea e ia i ka loa ka wī a me ka pōʻino no Tigran Vartanovich ina oia nae i manao ai ka hala.

Ka mea a ka mea, ua, i ka olelo hooholo, e haʻalele i ke aupuni Viktor Lvovich Korchnoy, no ka mea emigration ma na 60s ua nō ole, aponoia ma ka 1974, ma hope o ka ÷ ń e ku e Anatoliem Karpovym. Ka uwa maila i ke kaua no ka Mū Kākela lei me Bobbi Fisherom. Ka Soviet Union i kekahi kumu pili i ka'ōleloʻana mai iā opiopio Karpov, Lūkini a me ka hana mau ohana no hoi o. I ka mea hana a pau i ka nui a me ka Mū Kākela bureaucratic mana. A me ka poe iʻae e kōkua Korchnoi, hope, he maoli pilikia. No ka laʻana, D. Bronstein, uku a me kona kūlana.

VL Korchnoi poho, akā, i loko o ka hālāwai ninaninau i ike i ka superiority o Karpov, no ka i ka mea, ua hoolilo ai i ka like o ka hoohewaia ana o ka Soviet grandmasters. Ua hamama huapalapala i mālama 'Petrosyan, a i ole, ua kakau inoa ia e eha wale Mū Kākela âlapa pôhili me, i i nui loa ka hōʻike no Korchnoi.

ohana pilikia Korchnoi

Manawa kūpono e haʻalele i ke aupuni ikea i ka makahiki 1976. Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich noho ma Holland ma hope o ka hoʻokûkû ma Part. Ua mea olelo lealea i ka mea, ua koho koke ka pilikia i hana mai i kona ohana. Ma hope o neʻe i Kuikilana (Mr. Volen), ka mea, ua mai ka Iseraela i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka hea no kana wahine, a me ke keiki. Akā, ka mea,ʻaʻole wale nō i i haʻalele i ke aupuni, akā, i hopu Igor no ka hoole, e hookauwa aku i loko o ka poe koa ma hope o ka waiho i ke kula. Ke kanaka i ai i hookauwa 2,5 makahiki. Kau i ka palu i loko o ka ahakanaka ua huli kona ohana i poʻeʻenemi a pau o na kanaka. Isabella Egishevna ma ka pono o ke dala, kuai lilo aku la i ka pup mai ka hale poodle. Ma hope iho o ka lā o ka hoʻi me ka'ōlelo i e ole i mea e kuai mai i ka poe enemi o na kanaka.

V. L. Korchnoy i ka manawa i kākau ai i kona scandalous puke mua "Antishahmaty". Ma ka palapala i ka A. Karpov, e e hoouna aku i kekahi kope o ka a hiki i K. U.Chernenko, ka mea e hōʻike i ka like ole, e hoolaha i nā mea i loaa hou mai ai hele i kona ohana, e hele wale aku no. Ma hope, oia no ke komo maluna mea hiki hoopii i ka Soviet Mafia elele, ka poe ma hope o 1982 loaʻa iā ia, e koi aku i ke kālā no ka haalele ana o ka 'ohana, naʻe ia mea olelo lealea, e ua i kēia ho'āʻo pono.

Personal ola

He aha ka loa nema aku Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich, nona pilikino ola lilo Aupuni? Ma hope o ka loaa ana ae, e haʻalele i ke aupuni, ma Kuikilana Isabella Egishevnu au manao i hauʻoh boa kane, he loio me ka oki mare palapala. Ka nui, e hoike ana i ka mare ole pōpilikia, ka mea ana i ike ai no kekahi mau makahiki.

Back ma Holland, ma kekahi o na kau o ka i ka wā hoʻokahi pāʻani, halawai mai la me kana kane i kekahi kanaka maoli o Austria Petra Leeverik. No ka haole ma ka papa buke o Leo Tolstoy "alahou ana" i loko o Lūkini, oia ua panai aku i kekahi mau olelo me ia. Ma hope,ʻo ia haʻawina i kona Lūkini hoa maikai ua koiia e hōʻoia i ka 10 makahiki lilo i loko o nā wahi hoʻomoana, ma ka Soviet Union. Play Mū Kākela pono, ka mea e hele aku i nā mea a pau o kona kau, a hiki i ka lā hoʻokahi, aole ia i kono aku la o Petero i kona hale. A contenders Aʻohe ma Baguio City (1978), ka mea, ua mua hele i ke poo o kona'aheʻelele.

Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich, kana wahine, a me kana keiki i hele mai i Lausanne, a hiki i ka lā hope, e haawi aku i kona kālā kākoʻo. Isabella Egishevna hauʻoli Moonlight me ke alakai huakaʻi no Lūkini-olelo ana pūʻulu, a make iho la i ka 1995 o kekahi mau sclerosis. Igor makuwahine ma mua o kona make ana, e noho ana ma kue ia me kona makua kāne, e hoʻomaka 'ōlelo wale nō ma hope o kona make ana. Ua Ua pū i loko o kamepiula 'ē aʻe, ka mareʻana o kona kiʻekiʻe kula lei mai Rusia.

Makakū kiʻi: ka uncrowned e uwa

Viktor Korchnoi Ua palapala kekahi mau puke, kahi i piha Ka Ikepili o kona holoʻokoʻa 'oihana' oihana. Ma waho aʻeo ia "Antishahmat",ʻo ia iʻeono hou na hana, i ka mea hana hoihoi 'o i nā paʻi: ". My 55 Huipû me kaʻeleʻele" "My 55 Huipû keʻokeʻo" a me ka

Ua ai hiki mai ia, oiai elima-manawa Europa champion a me ka uwa ana e pili ana i hoʻokahi haneri hoʻonohonoho 'kahua kolepa, palua āna i kaua aku ai i ka pono, e ia i ka maikaʻi loa Mū Kākela pôpeku ma ke ao nei, akā, aole loaa i ka luna lima (i loko o ka makahiki 1978 a me ka 1981). Ma nā hihia ka mea, ua i ka inainaʻenemi Karpov, ka mea ana i otkazyvael i poʻokela nā mea hiki. Ma nā nīnauele lehulehu o ka Mū Kākela geniuses ka mea, ke kahea aku nei wale Kasparov a me R. Fischer, ka uku a me ka hoʻokupu, a ka mea i make i kakahiaka nui T. Petrosian.

Kona 'oi ÷ ń oia i manaoio aku i ka 21-Makalu pāʻani i ka ń mua (1978), ka wā Karpov haʻalele nō naʻe ma luna o ka 19th neʻe aku, akā, kona hoʻokūkū ua he foregone ka hopena mua ma luna o ka 13th. I confrontation i pau ai i ka manual 5: 6, a ua noho aiʻano nui i ka Soviet Union i ku e V. L. Korchnogo i ee ole wale he nunui 'oihana, akā, i ka mīkini kālai'āina. Defector hiki ole ia i ke ao kanaka koa, no laila, i ka puke mai nei e pili ana i kauoha olelo hooweliweli i kona physical ka make, ma ka hihia o ka poho A. Karpov.

Ke ń i ka 1981 ua ole ai paakiki a pau a me ka manual 2: 6, i hiki ke wehewehe ia e ka mea i V. L. Korchnomu ua paakiki e kiʻi i loko o shape, no ka mea, no ka aneane ehiku makahiki, ua i loaa ma kou kono ana i ka nui kahua kolepa, nīnūnē maʻiʻo.

Home lanakila no Victor L. mea a pau i kona a pau ke ola hoao oiaio wa e Mū Kākela. He pâʻani 'oi ma mua o 4500 lealea, o ka nui shape, a me ka 80 makahiki o i ka mea kahiko grandmaster i loko o ke ao nei. He ua i makau i kaʻaʻa aku i ka'ōnaehana, maka'āinana o ke kanaka a me ka'āina. I ka makahiki 90 oia i ua hoihoi hou, akā, ua koho e kiʻi Hawaiian kupa.

afterword

Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich, ka poe i hoi aku i ka puke kânaka ma ka Soviet au, a no ka maopopo ana i ka pili hana malu o ka Soviet Union, a hiki i ka lā hope mālama i ka maopopo naau. He hai aku i ka Verses, a hoomanao iho la a hiki uuku-ikeia kūʻiʻo o Mū Kākela mōʻaukala. Grandmaster hoʻokomo e lilo i ka mea mua i loko o ke ao nei oia i hooki ia mai pilikino hewa ma mua o ka machinations o ka poe enemi. He Ua Mai sverhodaron, akā, mau i ka hana a me ka hakaka uhane. A defector i hana ole, no ka makau ole ma ia, akā, e aho, mai o desperation. Ma hope o ka hālāwai ninaninau ma ka kīwī Dmitry Gordon la Mū Kākela macrobiotic nani loa hua'ōlelo: "e kamailio pu ana me oe, ua lilo au Smarter."

Ke ao nei, a me ka aina June 6, 2016ʻike ihola ia a make ihola ia Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich. Ke kumu o ka make ia i hoakaka ia, akā, ua pau ike i ka hope mau makahiki GM i noho me ka pacemaker, hele me ke kō, a hiki i lohe, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka hālāwai hoʻolohe manaʻo kōkua. Ke kino Ua hiki kona palena. No ka ola mamao aku, mai ka'āina, a no laila, he nui na makahiki ua ole ae hoomaopopo ana, i ka hoao ana mea e maʻalahi.