Nine evolution: na kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka o Mānoa,

Ka huli ana kaʻina hana i hana 'epekema kemika i loko o ka ai-i kapaia o Nine Inch evolution, a mai ai ka popoiwi wahi o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni kaʻina hana ma hope i hanaia i loko o 1777 ma ka Palani maoli nä känaka' epekema Lavoisier'ā kumumanaʻo hōʻike no ke kūlana o ka oxygen. Alaila, hoomaka iho la i ka loiloi 'ana i ka pono kīvila kanaka manaÿo a me ka walaʻauʻana me nā loina o kemika, ua ka terminology a me ka nomenclature o ka waiwai hoʻololi.

kula haʻahaʻaa papa

1789 i ike ai i ke kala ana o ka puke Lavoisier, koke lilo i ki maopopo no ka noiʻi a me nā loea o ka 'epekema hanau. Ke "kula haʻahaʻaa kemika papa" Ua lilo i ka mea mua i loko o ka honua papa inoa - Table o na mea kino, helu i ka ike Nine Inch hehee wale. Ke kumu o keia tome Lavoisier e moe ana ma kaʻoi loa o oxygen pähola 'o ka'ā, ai ka Nine Inch evolution i olelo ia e ka loa hou ala. Ka nui loa hehee ai i loko o ka wehewehena o - ka ho'āʻoʻana, i ka mea i nä känaka 'epekema, a koho ia i ke kumu nui ana, a me na mea a pau i ua ole hookupaa iho la ia ma ka ho'āʻoʻana, e like me he'ātoma paha hakakino' ole, Lavoisier iʻaʻole noʻonoʻo pono.

Nine evolution ua hele ma ke kānāwai ka mea, ua kālaiʻia - i ka mālama o ka nuipa a, e pili ana i ke ano o na waiwai o ka hui, kā lākou oko ao ma ka elemental haku mele 'ana. Ua i laila, ua kemika ua lilo ia he 'epekema o ka iho, këia i ka haku mele' ana o na kino experimentally. Au hiki ole ke hana me ka Nine Inch evolution o ka rationalization o ke kumuhana, a me ka pela, manaʻo kanaka hope haalele i ka alchemical i hala, e like me ka manaʻo e pili ana i ke ano o ka mea a me kona waiwai hoʻololi i a loa a me ka wikiwiki. Akā, i ka impetus no kēia kaʻina mālama lākou iā Lavoisier noiʻi. Ano, i schoolchildren ike i na kuʻina o Nine Inch evolution (ole prebiotic evolution) E e noʻonoʻo mai ka manawa i mua o ka muli o ke ola ma ka Honua. I ka umikumamawalu kenekulia, e like me ka hapai ana o ko ke ao nei i kekahi i ka manawa a pau i.

ke ola

Nine evolution hoomaka ma ka Honua loa lifeless Honua ka wā o ka ke aloha waiwai i nā hoomaka iho la ua e uē helu mai'okanikaʻole nā lātoma, a manaʻoi pili i ka ikehu a me ka koho aʻe. Wehewehe ana keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka pakiko-hui, a i ano o ke ahiahi, kŘpa a luna 'nenoai. Pela, ke kalapona ma ka Honua ikea. Kaupalena naʻe, loaʻa carbonaceous mua lātoma o kumu nui ole wale no ka helehelena akā, no hoi no ka hou 'ana o nā mea a pau mea e ola ana.

Makou i ike ai loihi, i mea ka i loko o Nine Inch evolution ma na kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao kakahiaka o ke ola. Ka ike kemika o kekahi waiwai hoʻohaiki ana i ka evolutionary kaʻina palena koʻana koko kalapona postulate. Paha, ma ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa ka mea, he koho ma kekahi 'ano o ke ola o ke ola, mea , a me ka kumu o ko mākou kumuʻiʻo - mea ole ka mea wale "ala mai". Aia Ua hoʻomaopopo kekahi hanana pu ana o ka pīlali waiwai me ka kalapona depolarizing waiwai o ka koʻana koko meakino i loko o ke kinowai pae. ua lawa ko e hoʻomaka i ka Nine Inch evolution o ke ola, a me ka nele i ka hooulu ana o nā mea a pau i ike ia iā mākou i keʻano o ke ola 'ano apau loa kēia mau ana.

E hoʻomaka ana i ke kaʻina hana

ole a pau manaʻo kanaka a hiki i kona iho cradle ike. No e pili ana i kahi a me ka wā e hoʻomaka i ke kuʻina o Nine Inch evolution ma ka Honua. Kēia ka mea a mākou, kekahi, hiki wale koho. Here, mua, malaila e e loa i kekahi manawa.

A hiki akuʻoukou a pau i ka lua o ka pōʻaiapuni kalapona o ka hoku ho okumu when the Punk huahana o ka Naita o supernovas, i haawi interstellar la, hehee wale kapaia kaumaha, kona kaumaha aku i ka iwakalua-kumamaono. A lohe o na hoku i loko o ka lua o ka hanauna loaʻa kā lākou mau planetary nenoai, kahi koi 'ia kaumaha oihana mua i Ua he lawa dala. Hoʻomaopopo i ka pā o ka Nine Inch evolution hiki i kekahi manawa ma hope o ka Big Ekahi i loko o ka wā mawaena o ka hapalua o ka ieeeea? A me ka hapalua kona ieeeea makahiki.

Where ola, hoomaka ae la

Where ua hiki i kaua kipi - i ka ninau hamama. Ka wā e pili ana na mea he nui loa paha Launch Nine Inch ekolyutsii kumu ke hana ma kaʻaneʻane kekahi kaiapuni. Kēia subsoil a me ka Honua ma ka, a me ka hohonu o ka moana, a me nā luna, a me protoplanetary ho okumu pono.

No hoi, ao interstellar kinoea i kekahi malama i ka springboard no ka hoouka i noho mea lifeless, a me ka mea, ua hoopaaia ma loko o ke aloha 'ona' akomi i - a me kō waiʻona mai ke kino, aldehydes,'amino nāʻakika, glycine a oi hiki hoi malama i hoʻomakaʻia no ke ola ma ka mea o Nine Inch evolution hoomaka.

kumumanaʻo

Makamua Honua malama kona mea huna, a me ka manaʻo kanaka 'aʻole i keia manawa i ike loea' ike e pili ana i ka kemikala olelo o kona ola ma mua o ka muli o ke ola. 'Ā ina noiʻi e ole panai ai i na ninau a pau, a no ia mea, e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina nui' ole kilohōkū. Pēlā ia i hana i ka pähola 'o Nine Inch evolution. I kēia mau lā ka Venusian a Martian hana hea manaoia e e like me Honua ma kekahi kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o Nine Inch evolution.

E hoʻokolohua ma luna o nā ana hoʻohālike, a pela i loaa i na ike kumu o ikepili. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana 'hōʻulu o kela Nine Inch mele a me climatic rula i loko o ka lewa, ke hydrosphere, lithosphere luna' ke aloha nā lātoma i loaa. Āpana o houʻikepili ma ka hoʻokolohua mea mau ma lalo kūkulu enriches ke kumumanaʻo. No laila, ka mea i koho ia ma ka helu o hypotheses e pili ana i ka papa maomeka a me ka pololei kipaku koa e paa Nine Inch evolution.

Research i loko o Rusia

Life ma ka Honua i hana ma abiogenesis, i ka mea, i ka hanau ana o ke aloha i huiʻia Mea i mua ona mea ano wildlife ma kēlāʻaoʻao o ke kino, a me ka mea iki komo o nā'ūhū. 'O kēia ka mua ke kahua, ka wā he mea he ola, mai ka nonliving.

By kuhiakau me kēia Oparin ma na twenties o ka iwakalua kenekulia, e hiki ke hana i kekahi kahi lākou lehulehu ua mahuahua, a me ka kaawale ana, mai ka mea mawaho i hoʻolilo 'ia' aʻole i ole ia, e kamaʻilio me ia pāʻoihana o ke kiʻekiʻe-hakakino i huiʻia. Mau wahi i kapaʻia coacervates a coacervate kulu.

huakaʻi i ke kai

Me Kinohi abiotic hoʻololi kemikala ka hoʻokō 'ia i loko o ka primitive honua lilo i ka 1953 godu Stanley Miller, synthesizing'amino nāʻakika me'ē aʻe ke aloha' ona. A laila,ʻikeʻia hypercycles kumumanaʻo e wehewehe i ke ola ana o ke ola i loko o ka papa o ka Nine Inch evolution o ke alo aku o ka catalytic naoh, Kime Poʻokela, ma ka mua huina hoonui i ka hōʻeleu no ka mea e hiki mai ana.

Wale nō ka mea mua "protocell" Ua hanaia i ka 2008 ma 'Amelika biologist ka poe i hiki ke loaa ka nucleotide monophosphate mai i ka papa ma ka wahi o ka momoma nāʻakika a me lipids. Mau ho'ā 'imidazole "pohakulepo" e nui no ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka DNA. A ma 2011 ma Iapana i hana vesicles me ka DNA nā kumumea ma lalo o cationicʻili lahilahi, a ua hiki ke puunaue, e like me ua polirazmernaya kaula naoh, ka replication o ka DNA.

ka papa kuhikuhiE hypotheses

Nine evolution o ke ola ma ka Honua kuhiakau wehewehe i ke kumu o kēia mau wahi.

1. Mea, ikeia ma ka Honua a ma ka makahiki kumu, ma a he mea he autocatalytic hoʻololi kemikala ugrerodosoderzhaschih nā lātoma, a me ka hoʻololi kemikala pono i nui puke, a me ka nuiʻano, nui e hoʻomaka i ke kaʻina hana o Nine Inch evolution.
2. Hanana protocellular hale a ka pukaʻana mai o nā nā lātoma i ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna. Mau i ka pilina paʻa paʻa 'Ohi a kaʻawale mai ke kaiapuni, ikehu kūkaʻi o ka waiwai, a hele ia selectively. A no ka mea, protocellular 'ole.
3. Ka mea i hana 'iniha, he mea i hiki i ka pakiko-ulu - pakiko-replication a me ka hoʻoponopono'-hou 'ana o nā mea a pau' ike o Nine Inch nenoai. A ma laila nō i ka walaʻauʻana huahelu o ka hereditary kivila.
4. Na kekahi ke kahua - ka pilina ma waena o keʻano a me ka mana o nā'ūhū ka waiwai o nā polokina me ka RNA a me ka DNA like me ka ikepili nā moku halihali mokulele. A he nae hereditary kivila i koi 'ia no ka liluwelo evolution.

Kaka

E like me ka olelo ma luna, Alexander Oparin i kakahiaka nui me na twenties o ka hope kenekulia weheia coacervates. Next Stanley Miller, a Harold Urey i ka 1953, ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka muli o ka lewa kahiko i ka simulating alodio biomolecules a me ke kaʻina o ko lākou mau hanana. Next Sidney Foks hai aku la i ke ao nei e pili ana i na microspheres o protenoidov. I ka 1981, T. a me S. Ceku Altmane hiki ke malama i ka mahele o autocatalytic RNA like ribozymes e hiki ke hoʻononiakahi i ka ike a me ka catalysis i loko o ka lātoma, "ke kālaiʻana mai" ia lakou iho, mai ke kaulahao a me ka ai pili aku i ka i koe, "welau".

I ka makahiki 1986, William Gilbert o Kamepelika hoʻomohala i ka manaʻo o "RNA World", a ua hōʻike mai iā ia Gunther av Kidrovski, mai Kelemania, i ka mea ia manawa ka mua ka hoʻoponopono-replicating'ōnaehana nānā 'ana i DNA, a ua nui ka makana i ka naauao o ka pakiko-replicating nenoai, a me ko lakou ulu ana i hana'. 'Epekema ua koke hele aku i loko o kēia ala: Manfred Eigen wehe hyperframe, ka evolution o Ensemble o RNA nā lātoma, a me Yuliy Rebek hana mai ka muaʻimi hoʻopunipuni lātoma i ka hoʻoponopono-replicating ma chloroform.

Space & Honua

Ka Space holo Center o NASA Dzhon Korlis aʻo i ka hānau kaʻina hana o ka thermal wai o na moana ikaika a me ka Nine Inch mea e ka Nine Inch evolution kuokoa o ka makahiki i hoʻolilo 'ia, a me keia mau mea, no ka loiloi mua archaebacteria loa kaianoho koholā. I ka hao sulfides honua, he helu o ka hypotheses Gunter Vehterskhoyzera.

He ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka mua ka hoʻoponopono-replicating hale pūnao, kena ae la ma ka ili o ka pyrite (hao sulfide), a haawi aku i ka ikehu pono no ka āina waiwai. Ma hua'ōlelo o ke koho e ulu ana a me ka popopo pyrite nā pōaka ke ulu a paʻi, e pili ana i keʻano o nā populations. pālolo nā minelala hao no ke ano o ke aloha nā lātoma i kekahi, ua pili loa? anoee. Eia naʻe, he hoʻokahi kükohu o ka Nine Inch evolution aʻole ole i nei, mahope mai o ka walaʻauʻana me nā loina o ka neʻeʻana o kēia kaʻina mea,ʻaʻole i hamama.