Ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles: 'ole a me ka ho'āʻo

A pau na keena o ola meaola i i mai o ka wai kokoʻili lahilahi, nucleus a me ka cytoplasm. Ka hope nō nā organelles a me inclusions. Organelles - he paʻa ho okumu i loko o ka halepaahao, kela mea keia mea o ka i hanaʻia kekahi hana. Inclusions - he pokole nā hale i komoʻano nui o ka glycogen i loko o na holoholona a me ka pia i ka mea kanu. Ka mea hana i kekahi kuleana pili i papaʻa. Inclusions hiki e nā loko o ka cytoplasm, a ma ka'ōpū mai o kanaka organelles e like me chloroplasts.

Mea Maluna organelles

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ole, ka mea, ua mahele ia i loko o nui pūʻulu elua. I cytology hookuuʻili lahilahi a me ka 'ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles. Ka mua hiki ke maheleia i mau subgroups: odnomembrannye a me ka dvumembrannye.

By odnomembrannym organelles loaʻa ka endoplasmic reticulum (reticulum), Golgi i hoʻomākaukauʻia, lysosomes, vacuoles, vesicles, melanosomes.

By dvumembrannym hookūlana like organelles mitochondria a me plastids (chloroplasts, chromoplasts, leucoplasts). Ka mea, i he nui loa eiiieaena 'ole, a me ka ole wale no a hiki i ke alo o nā membranes. Lākou haku mele 'hiki no hoi e noho ma luna a me ke ahiahi, a pau organelles a me ka DNA. No ka laʻana, i loko o ka'ōpū mai o mitochondria a me ribosomes i e malama mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).

No ka 'ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles nā ribosomes, o ka halepaahao-oaio? (Centriole), microtubules a me microfilaments.

Ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles: kuleana pili i

Ribosomes e pono e synthesize kumuʻiʻo. Ka mea, e kuleana no ka unuhi kaʻina hana, 'o ia hoʻi, deciphering i ka' ike i ka mea ma luna o ka elele RNA, a me ke kahua o ka polypeptide kaulahao o ka kanaka'amino nāʻakika.

Cell oaio? Ua komo i loko o ke kahua o mitotic kālī. Ua ua hua mai i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka meiosis a me ka mitosis.

Ia 'ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles like microtubule cytoskeleton ua hana. Ua hanaʻia mall a me ka amo hana. Ma ka ili o microtubules e neʻe like kaawale waiwai, a me ka mea a pau organelles, e like me mitochondria. amo kaʻina ia lŘlŘ ka hoʻohana kūikawā nā polokina kapa Hawaii. Microtubule hoʻolālā mua oaio o ka centriole.

Microfilaments ke komo i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻololi i ka halepaahao kinona, e like me ka mea e pono ai, e neʻe kekahi hookahi-aa? Meaola e like me amoeba. Eia kekahi, i kekahi ke hana i kekahiʻano o nā hale nona ka oihana eʻaʻole maopopo hoomaopopo.

'ole

E like me ka inoa paipai, ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles i membranes 'ole. Ka mea, i haku no nā polokina. Kekahi o lakou i apo ia nukelea nāʻakika.

Ka 'ole o ka ribosome

i loaʻa kēia mau 'ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles ma luna o nā paia o ka endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosome i ka spherical kinona, kona anawaena o 100-200 Angstroms. Mau ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles komo o nā māhele (subunits) - ka poe liilii, a me ka nui. I ka wā o ka ribosome 'Aʻole e holopono ana, ka mea i kaawale. No ka mea, hui, ke akahele imua o ka makanekiuma a kalipuna Ion ma ka cytoplasm.

I kekahi manawa, ma o ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka nui nā lātoma ribosomal kumuʻiʻo hiki ke hui i pūʻulu kapaia polyribosomes paha polysomes. Ka helu o nā ribosomes i loko o ia hiki ĸokoĸa ana nä pane mai 4-5 ia 70-80, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka nui o ka kumuʻiʻo lātoma i ua synthesized e ia.

Ribosomes komo o nā polokina, a rRNA (ribosomal ribonucleicʻakika), a me ka wai nā lātoma a me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia Ion (kalipuna ole makanekiuma).

Ka 'ole o ka halepaahao iwaena konu

Ma eukaryotes, e haku i kēia mau ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles o nā'āpana, i kapaia centrosomes, a me ka tsentrosfery - māmā mau mea o ka cytoplasm e poai puni i ka centrioles. Like o ka hihia a me na ribosomes o keia organelle ua ana merged. E hoʻopaʻa i ka centrosomes mau kapaia diplosome.

Kēlā me kēia centrosome ninoieo o microtubules i i ka hoʻoluli i loko o ka paukūʻolokaʻa shape.

Ka 'ole o ka microfilaments a me microtubules

I ka mua he poe actin a me nā contractile nā polokina e like me myosin, tropomyosin a me na mea e ae.

Microtubules i lōʻihi nā paukūʻolokaʻa, ka ipu loko, a ulu mai ka centrioles a hiki i na kihi o ka halepaahao. Lākou anawaena - 25 HI, a me ka lōʻihi hiki e mai kekahi mau nanometers i kekahi mau millimeters ke kaumaha ma muli o ka nui a me ka mana o ka halepaahao. Mau ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles i haku kuhikuhi o ke kumuʻiʻo tubulin.

Microtubules i lolelua ka organelles i ka hoʻololi mau. Ka mea, ua malama hoʻohui-hope, a me ka io hopena. Ka mua paʻa attaches ia i ka tubulin lātoma, a mai ka lua o ka mea, e mau a pipili.

Ho okumu ana i 'ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles

Kuleana no ka ho okumu ana o ka ribosome nucleolus. He ke kahua o ribosomal RNA, me ka 'ole o ka i ua encoded ma ribosomal DNA Aia ma kekahi chromosomal wahi. ʻO nā polokina i e i kēia mau organelles i synthesized i loko o ka cytoplasm. Mahope, ka mea, e kaʻi aku i ka endosome, kahi e hui ai me ka ribosomal RNA, ho okumu i ka poe liilii, a me ka nui subunit. A laila, makaukau organelles ka neʻeʻana i ka cytoplasm, a laila, ma luna o nā paia o ka ino endoplasmic reticulum.

Cell oaio mea i loaʻa i loko o ka halepaahao, mahope mai kona inception. Ua Ua hana ma ka mahele ana i ka makuahine, aeea.

ka hopena

E like me ka hopena, ke haawi aku i ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo papa.

No laila, e 'oe i nā mea a pau e pili ana i ka ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles, i mea i loaʻa nā i kanu, a me ka holoholona a me ka fungal keena.