Olés Honchar - Ukrainian Soviet kākau moʻolelo

Ma hope iho o ka'opi o ka Soviet Union kanaka hoʻomaka e nānā okoa i kā lākou moʻomeheu a me ka moʻokalaleo, ho'āʻo ana e pohihihi mai ka hana mai ka Soviet au ua he masterpiece, a me ka mea hoʻi i kau propaganda. No ka mea, o keia, he nui nui Soviet mea kākau i ua kekeʻe hoopoina. Iwaena o lakou, i ka mea kākau o ka hanohano novels ma na sixties Olés Gonchar.

i kakahiaka nui makahiki

Aina hanau, o ka mea kākau moʻolelo Olés (Alexander Terentʻevich) Gonchar i ka 1918 me. Lomovke, Dnipropetrovsk māhele 'āina. Ma ka hanau ana, hanau mai la ia i ka inoa o Bilichenko.

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Tatiana ka makuahine - ke keiki ua māhunehune ekolu makahiki makahiki - no ka mea, o ka mea pilikia pilina me kona makua kāne, a me kona hou wahine Frosya opio Sasha hele e noho me kona kupuna kāne, a maternal kupunawahine i loko o ke kauhale o Suha, a ua pinepine erroneously manaoia he wahi o kona hanau ana. Mau kūpunaʻaneʻane auou caiaiai i ke keiki ka makua kāne a me kona makuwahine, a me ka wā i kana moopuna i ke kula, i kākau ia ma lalo o kona inoa iho - Gonchar.

A hiki aku i ke keiki, kupu ae la a hele aku la i ke kula, i kona hoʻonaʻauao i i kona 'anakala Yakov Gavrilovich, ka mea i lilo i ka luna hoʻokele o ka kūloko hola. Mahalo i keia kulana, ka mea, he nui nā manawa kūpono e iloko keiki ma mua o nā kūpuna. Nolaila, a me ke keiki ka kekahi makua kāne o kaʻohana o neʻe i loko me. Khorishko. Oiai këia ma ka kūloko kula, hele mai la ia ma lalo o ka aoao o ke kumu o ka Ukrainian 'ōlelo a me ka moʻokalaleo. Ka mea, ua hoomaikai aku ia ia, i ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo ua hoihoi i ka moʻokalaleo, a loaa ka inoa kapakapa "Olés". Ka nui, e hoike ana i ke kumu i admirer o Ukrainian haku mele Oleksandr Olés, a ua hala aku ia i kāna haumāna. He nui nā makahiki ma hope, ma kona puke "Ka Hale Pule Nui", ka mea kākau moʻolelo i ka mea ano palapala aku me kona kumu punahele.

Ma muli o ka hele a kekahi makua kāne o Iakoba Alexander puka 'o ia i nā makahiki ma ke kauhale Breusovke. I loko o kēia wā,ʻo ia ke ho'āʻo e kākau i ko lakou mau apana a me ka mea, i ke aloha a hiki i keia kanaka ma hope o ka puka i loaʻa he 'oihana i loko o ka Hoʻoponopono oihana o ka nupepa o nā' āina, a ma hope o - i loko o ka 'āina'. Ma ia laua me ka hana ana o ka potera i loko o journalism kulanui kulanakauhale o Kharkiv. Ma hope o ka puka, Alexander hoomaka ae la e hana me ke kumu i loko o ka kauhale Manuylovke. I ka Ia manawaʻo ia i hoʻomaka e hoolaha i kona mua moʻolelo i loko o ka Ukrainian paiia o ka "paionia", "ka palapala, ai Gazette", "Komsomolets Ukrainy" a me na mea e ae.

I ka 1938, Olés Gonchar lilo kekahi haumāna ma Kharkov University'āuna kumu o Philology. Aia ae hoomau ana e kākau pōkole moʻolelo a me nā novels, akā, ma ka olioli këia i ole mau loa ana. The Great Patriotic War a me Olés, 'aʻole i kona haʻawina, oia hāʻawi manawaleʻa no ka alo.

Iloko o ke kaua,ʻaʻole Gonchar ua a hiki i ka palapala, ai 'hana, naʻe i kekahi manawa, i palapala mai poetry, a i memo, a i hoʻohana hope ma kona mau moʻolelo a me novels e pili ana i ke kaua, pakahi aku la ia i loko o ka trilogy "Znamenonostsy".

Provoevavʻaneʻane elima makahiki, ua kukuluia ma ka noho pio ana a me ka hoʻolimalima i ekolu mau mekala no ke koa a me ka Papa Hanohano o ka Red Star One, i ka makahiki 1945 o ka mea kākau moʻolelo hoʻi. Iloko o ke kaua, make aku la kona makuakane, a me nā hapalua-poʻe hoahānau, e like me na mea he nui nā hoaaloha a me nā hoalauna. Naʻe, ka mea kākau hoʻi a hiki i ke alo i loko o kekahi apana. Kona "loaa",ʻo ia mau wehewehe i kona kupunawahine, e like me ka wahine ke halawai haipule pule no kona moʻopuna kāne. Potera iho Ua bapetizoia iho la ia e like me ke keiki, a hoi manaoio i ke Akua, a keu aku,ʻo ia me ka mahalo nui i ka mea kahiko luakini, a ua he staunch hoa paio o ko lākou luku 'ole hou' i loko o ke keʻena. Ma hope, e hoala mai i kēia kahe ma kona loa kaulana puke, manawa ka "Hale Pule Nui".

Ka hoʻomaka o ka palapala, ai 'ha awina

Hoi mai, mai ke kaua, Olés Gonchar neʻe i Kiev, a komo aku la i ka kūloko kulanui, mau kona aʻo i keʻakeʻaʻia ke kaua. Ma ia laua, ma muli o ka malie hou Memories a koa memo i palapala iho ai, a paʻiʻia kekahi mau novels, a laila, lawe ma luna o ka oi nui-unahiʻole, i hana - kākau i kona Debut puke e pili ana i ka "Alpino" (ka mua hapa o ka trilogy "Znamenonostsy") ke kaua, a i paʻiʻia ma ka MH 1946 ma ka kekahi o ke aupuni, ka palapala, ai Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke. Ke kala ana o ka mea mua Romana Gonchara i kona ola hoʻololi. He i ka palapala, ai 'malamalama o ka manawa, e hoʻolohe i ka hou talena ma Lūkini moʻokalaleo. Pela, ke ike haku o Ukrainian Soviet moʻokalaleo Yuri Yanovsky hoonani aku la i ka uʻi kākau moʻolelo o ka hana, a hoʻoholo, e lawe aku ia ia ma lalo o kona'ēheu. No laila, ma hope o ka pomaikai o "Alpino" oia ka'āuna potera neʻe i Kiev, e hele puka kula a me ka hoʻomau hana ma hou novels.

iaia

Ma ka mau makahiki e hiki mai ana Olés Gonchar publishes ka lua a me ke kolu novels ma ka hopena ua "Znamenonostsy": "The Blue Danube" a me ka "Golden Palaka", a hoi mai i hoopoina e pili ana i ka mea uuku Ana Aina. Trilogy "Znamenonostsy" ka mea kākau lawe nui hiʻona ole wale i loko o ka Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Repubalika, akā, no hoi ma ka aina. No kēia mea kākau, ka pōʻaiapuni e i mau Stalin waiwai pio: a lilo holomua a me ka ike, kona he makemake i ka heluhelu a me ka ano o kanaka a me ka pilina.

Naʻe, i ka ulia kaulana i ole hao Gonchar, hoʻowahāwahā i ka hiʻona,ʻo ia mau e kākau. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka trilogy, ka mea kākauʻano nui kēia i ka pōkole fiction a publishes moʻolelo e pili ana i koa ola.

Ma nā kanalima, ma hope o ka puke Honchar "E na kukui Mele O" Wehe i ka hiʻona ho film "Ka Girl me ka lighthouse" i loko o ka aʻe makahiki ma kekahi o kona mau novels pana i kekahi mea hōʻike - "Guerrilla hunaahi".

Ma ka ia wā, Olés Gonchar dilogii hana ana ma luna o nā hanana hoʻokahuli aupuni ma ka hema o Ukraine. Kona wale nô nā na novels "Tavria" a me ka "periscope". Eia naʻe, ka mea, i ole lilo i mahalo me "Znamenonostsy" a me ka pōkole moʻolelo kākau moʻolelo. Eia naʻe, i loko o kēia mau novels, ka mea kākau hoʻomaka i ke kiʻekiʻe o ne e ma kahi koa noi, a me ka oi hoihoi i loko o ke kumuhana o ka maluhia ola o maʻamau kanaka. no ka mea, o ka hoao ana e hoʻololi i ka theme like o kaʻike hoʻokumu ho film puke i hele ole i holomua me ka wanaʻao novels paha. I loko nō o ka aho anu pane i ka 1959 "Tavria" Ua Film, a me ka nānā 'ia ma ka buke o ka ia inoa ballets e mele i hanaia e Vladimir Nakhabino.

Ma waho aʻeo ia i ka palapala, ai 'hana i loko o nā kanalima potera, a nāna e journalism, a ua hele nui ma ka honua. Ke apogee o kēiaʻumi makahiki no ia ia, e lilo ia koho Luna hoomalu o ka Union o ka mea kākau o Ukraine, e like me ke kakauolelo o ka Union o Soviet kākau moʻolelo.

ka sixties

I ka mea e hiki mai anaʻumi makahiki Olés Gonchar e kālele ana ma luna o sīwila ola a me kona peculiarities. Ka ikaika o kona weliweli no talena o ka mea kākau 'aʻole e hai i nā lāliʻi, a hana i kekahi alohilohi, pilialoha nā kiʻi i loko o ke kāʻei kua o ka maʻamau o oaeouee? O maʻamau o ke ola. No ia mea, potera novels i loko o keia manawa, aole e emi i ka pomaikai ma mua o kona Debut trilogy.

I ka makahiki 1960, ka mea kākau moʻolelo publishes ka puke "Man a me ka mea kaua", i hōʻike hou facets o ka talena o ka mea kākau. No kēia puke potera i ka mua e uwa o ka Taras Shevchenko Republican uku. Oiai keia hana ua he masterpiece, a me ka milestone i loko o ka hana o ka mea kākau, mawaho o ka pōʻai o ka Ukrainian palapala, ai 'waiwai, ka mea i ole i mahalo a me ka mahalo i nā hana o ka potera. Naʻe, ka mea kākau ia iho kumuhana "Man a me nā mea kaua" ua kokoke loa, no laila, i loko o umi makahiki ia e hele mai hoʻi iā ia i loko o-ka hoomau puke "Cyclone". Na kanaka o keia hana pili kēia 'ano me ka hana ana o kona mau punahele kumu kākau moʻolelo Yuriya Yanovskogo.

Kekahiʻiʻo Gonchar hanaia'na ma na sixties lilo i ka puke ma ka pōkole moʻolelo "Tronka". Kona pomaikai i kokua i ka mea kākau moʻolelo ole wale hou lilo ua kaulana ma waena o ka Soviet Union, akā, no hoi, e loaa i ka Lenin uku. He noteworthy mea a pau i ke kala i accompanies keia ia nā kumu kāki, Olés makemake hâʻawi wale 'ia ka hooulu ana o ka hale waihona puke. A mau makahiki ma hope o ka puke i i loko o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

Puke Olesya Gonchara "Hale Pule Nui" a me ke Temepela a puni ia

Hou hoao pomaikai, hoʻoholo ihola i ka mea kākau, e kākau i ka puke "Ka Hale Pule Nui".

Ma ka hou ana o ka thaw, a me ka rethinking o cia, vaccinated mai kamalii, ho'āʻo ka mea kākau, e kākau e pili ana no ka manawa lōʻihi no ia hana hoihoi theme like - spirituality. I loko nō o kona holomua 'oihana, potera hoʻokomo i ua mau mea he haipule ke kanaka, ka mea i kuaiia, a ua mahaloia Kalikiano mau mooolelo a me ka hilinaʻi. Ma hope o ke kaua, i ka wa a ka mea kākau moʻolelo noho kokoke Dnepropetrovsk, kona mau alanui i ka Trinity Hale Pule Nui, i kukulu ia i ka manawa o ka Cossacks o ka mea kahiko iaoia, me ka pono o nā kui. I ka uhane hōʻailona ole wale, akā, i ka kuhikuhipuʻuone hē, keia Hale Pule Nui ua nui loa no na kamaaina. A i ka wā, ma muli o ai i ka machinations o ka kūloko Aupuni ka mea, e 'auʻai ka inoa o ka mōʻaukala hoi na mea makau a me ka lawe, na kanaka kū'ē. Kēia moʻolelo hoopa i ka mea kākau, a me ka mea i kākau i kēia puke, paʻiʻia ma ka makahiki 1968 ma ka "Fatherland" Magazine. Heluhelu a me nā manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ike Ukrainian Soviet moʻolelo i hoʻomaopopo ai i kēia hana. Akā, he kokoke hoa o Brezhnev, mua kakauolelo o ka 'āina' Komite Vatchenko, heluhelu i kekahi puke, hāʻupu aʻe i ka papa kuhikuhiE io kona mau ano mānewanewa, mai ona aku. No lailaʻo ia i ka lanakila ana o kona mau wahi i pili, a loaa i ka pāpā hou ia ka paʻi o ka puke, me ka pāpā o kona unuhi i loko o Lūkini 'ōlelo, e like me kekahi olelo ai o ia i loko o ka ahakanaka. Ua i i ke kōkua aole hoi i ka uwao o ka palapala, ai 'malamalama, aole hoi he hamama palapala i ka nupepa "Pravda".

Ardent pāpā "Hale Pule Nui" puke ia manawa ua lilo ia i ano o ka hōʻeleu, ma o na la na mea he nui ka poe e kaua aku i ka Ukrainian moʻokalaleo o totalitarianism i loko o ka moʻokalaleo. Eia hou, ke Temepela a puni i kēia puke, e hoʻonani i ka mea kākau no ka mea holoʻokoʻa Soviet Union. I ka lā, i kēia puke o ka hana kaulana loa o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, eia nae i ka loa ikaika loa.

Late hana

I loko nō o ka hoao ana awaawa a me ka "Hale Pule Nui", Olés Gonchar i i haawi mai, a hoomau iho la oia i ke kākauʻana. I kona pomaikai, i ka hopena maikaʻi e pili ana o na Aupuni loli wale kona mau "keiki", ka mea kākau moʻolelo iā ia iho i unhurt. Kona hope hana hoʻomau e hoolaha ma ka iwakalua o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana ia, ua kau aku ma luna o pale ekolu o kana mau hana. Ma hope o ka "Hale Pule Nui" kakau iho potera eha novels, kekahi mau pōkole nā moʻolelo, ua puka mai i ka ohi ana i pōkole nā moʻolelo "Ka mamao ahi" a me ka puke o poem o na makahiki kaua, "Forona-laina Verses." Eia hou, i kēia mau makahiki i ka mea kākau moʻolelo i kaʻeleu aku i komo i loko o ka dissident neʻeʻana i loko o Ukraine, a epa me ka lawelawe pilikia. I ka 1987, ua hoʻoili i ka hanaia'na o ka mea kākau moʻolelo Ukrainian Nohona Kanaka Foundation. I ka makahiki 1990,ʻo ia haʻalele mai ka Communist Party.

Ma hope iho o ka'opi o ka Soviet Union hou he opiopio mea kākau i 'Imi komo i loko o ka manaʻo politika a me ka pilina hana, kākau - nui emi. I loko o kēia mau makahiki, oia paʻi i ka buke o nā pepa (essay), iʻia maila kona mau manao e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai o ko lākou mau'āina - "He aha e mākou ola. Ma ke ala Ukrainian hou ".

I ka 1995 Olesya Gonchara i hala. 'Eono makahiki i hala, ua weheia he kia hoʻomanaʻo Gonchar ma Kiev. I ka 2005, ua posthumously i hookoia ka inoa Hero o Ukraine. Ma ka hanohano o ka mea kākau moʻolelo o alanui i loko o eono nui kulanakauhale o Ukraine, hoʻokahi ia? Ea, eha hale waihona puke, i ke kulanui a me kekahi mau kula. Name Olesya Gonchara mea ekolu ka palapala, ai waiwai pio:, e like me eha moku'āina kālaiʻike hoʻonaʻauao. Eia hou kekahi, mau. Maloo, a i wahi kakahiaka kamaliʻi o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, ia mea he iau.

Olés Honchar - mea kākau o ka nui talena, i kana makana i ka Lūkini moʻokalaleo, Ukraine, Belarus a me na aina e, he oiaio invaluable. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka loli o ka nohona ola o na mea he nui o kana mau hana i hou i pili like i ka manawa o ka puke. Ma kekahi hihia, heluhelu i ka buke o kēia mea kākau mea ole wale no ka ike lea i ke ola o ka ano o kanaka i ka Great Patriotic Kaua, a me ka postwar wā, akā, no hoi e wale ana i ka unsurpassed talena o ka mea kākau moʻolelo.