Pehea i ka hoʻokele waiwai o Latvia

Ma hope iho o ka'opi o ka USSR, a me ka nui nā mea hoʻololi i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai o Latvia no kekahi manawa koke ala ma ka papa. Ma ka thousandth makahiki elua - ma kahi o elima a hiki i ehiku pakeneka o ka makahiki a hiki i ka makahiki 2008, ka wā o ka hoʻoponopono ulia i hoomaka ai. I ka makahiki 1990 i ka hoʻokele waiwai o Latvia GDP i kanahā o ka wahi i loko o ke ao nei, a ma ka hopena o ka 2007, ua ma kolu o ka wahi i waena o ka mua Soviet'āina. Mamua o kona'Ararata wale a me ka Azerbaijan.

'ikepili helu

I ka 2006, GDP no capita ua 12,6%, a ma ka 2007 - 10,3%. I ka makahiki 1992, i ke kālā i hoʻolauna - ka Lakawia ruble, a mai ka 1993 ia ke kiʻekiʻe o auou caiaiai i ka Lakawia lat. ia ke koi pohō a me ka privatization, like me ka hopena o ka kaʻana like 'ana o ka hana' aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai i loko o Latvia i ua hoʻemi i 12% (a me ka like ana ua 30% ma ka makahiki 1990 i ka makahiki) i hana. Kela manawa, i ka makahiki 2008,ʻo ia ke Europa Union, ua lilo ia i alakaʻi Latvia i loko o ka helu o ka poʻeʻilihune - iwakalua-eono pakeneka o ka heluna kanaka i noho ai ma lalo o ka ilihune laina. Eia hoi i ka 2009, ka GDP i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai Lakawia ua lilo i ka poʻe hewa nui huahelu ma luna o nāʻano o GDP i loko o ke ao nei.

I mau, i ke kūpono 'ana o ka Baltic aina, mai 1992 a hiki i 2007, i kapaia ka' Amelika pomaikai o ka hoʻololi mai i ka hou 'ana o ka ulu ana, a me ka hana ana o ke kālā no makeke kulanui. Akā,'ānō,ʻepekema, mai ka Western aneiai nāʻoihana kamaʻilioʻana, eʻike i ka ulu ana o kekahi koena Soviet hoʻoilina - keia mea ia ia mea i loko o ka Baltic States ua pakahi aku la ia hana a me ka aeuiiai ieaia? Ua maikaʻi ke kino, e like me ka hoʻonui volumetric ke kumupaʻa kanaka. Estonia ka hoʻokele waiwai, Latvia, Lithuania ala wale ma muli o ke koena Moʻolako, a me wale i loko o ka mua mau makahiki. I ka makahiki 2010, Latvia ka GDP hoʻomau e haule koe, akā, i ka 2011, kū aʻela i elima a me ka hapalua pakeneka. E hele mai ana, mai ka Soviet Union, Latvia Ua lilo i lâlâ o ka WorldʻIliahi Organization, a ma ka 2004 hui o Europa Union. E hoʻohana i ka Euroʻaneʻi hoomaka wale i ka 2014.

haole kuai

Latvia ka hoʻokele waiwai ma hope o ka piʻiʻana eu ka lana ana ma ka hoʻoliloʻana. I ka papa kuhikuhiE huahana, he mea hiki ke hooheheeia mau lāʻau kī, a me ka hao, ia mea he uuku oi aku mamua o ewalu hapa haneri o ka huina-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, i ukali ia e ka eono-pakeneka lako a pan a me ka uila hana, eha pakeneka - lumber, ekolu a me ka hapa - nā mea hana o ka home a me knitwear, pharmaceuticals huahana - ekolu hapa haneri, iki emi ma mua o ka lau ma a laau, a elua a me ka hapalua pakeneka - wahie huahana. Hoʻolilo mau huahana i kokoke Rusia, Lithuania a me Estonia, e like me kekahi i loko o Kelemania, Kuekene a me Poland. A ke hele mai i ka waiwai i loko o Latvia, mai ka nui nui helu o nā'āina.

I ka 2015, ka mea mawaho aie o ke Kuhina o? Aneia iainiiaaiea o Latvia ua like me 8,569 ieeeea? Euro. Ma mua makahiki, ia fluctuated loa iki. A iki mamua - i ka makahiki 2000 - o ka puu o ka hoʻopiha o ka Lakawia mawaho aie nui i oi aku mamua o kanaono pakeneka o kona GDP, a ma ka 2007 lele i hoʻokahi haneri a me kanakolu pakeneka o ka aina o ka GDP. I ka 2009, o ka aie nui i oi aku mamua o hookahi haneri kanawalu pakeneka. He aha ke ano o keia ano? Pehea i ka hoʻokele waiwai o Latvia? Advantageously, me he bankrupt.

'ole

Makakoho i loko o ka māhele 'ole o ka hoʻokele waiwai o Latvia ke nânâ i nā lawelawe - kokoke kanahiku pakeneka o GDP, e huli mai. Five pakeneka hua eanie? A me ka mahiʻai, a me ka iwakalua-eono pakeneka - hana. Prior i 2003 (oa ma mua o ka puka i loko o ka eu), hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiie ma Latvia ua iki ulu i - ma kahi o elima pakeneka o ka makahiki, a me ka hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i ka hooulu ana o ka, no ka mea hoike, i ka ikehu aina ka iho waiwai i negligible (Riga ChP helu 1 hoʻohana he kūloko peat, koena o ka hana pono laweia mai maka mea).

Mau loea, manaʻo ke koe nō ma luna o ka holopapa o ka Baltic Seaʻaila i kanakolu miliona tona,ʻaʻole he nui loa no ka holomua? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Muliwai, pū, no ka mea, o ko lākou i lalo ano e mai i ka nui hydro Loaʻaʻia. Latvia wale produces he 3.3 ieeeea? Kilowatt-hola o ka uila, a me ka mea i pau ai 5.2 ieeeea?. GES produces 67% o ka ia, a me ke koena - ka wela ku no i kou makemake, e kuai i wahie. Uila uaʻano nui i laweia mai mai Rusia a me kekahi o Estonia a me Lithuania.

Wood a me nā mea hana o ka home

Aneane pau laau ua hoʻolilo. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ke Kuhina o? Aneia iainiiaaiea o Latvia E hoomanao i plywood Manufacturers ma Kuldiga, Daugavpils, Liepaja, Riga, e like me pepa Manufacturers ma Ogre a me Jurmala. He nui handicraft woodworking, liʻiliʻi nā mea hoʻopukapuka kālā i laha i loko o nā hoʻokiwikā a me ka kua'āina like. Ka mea, e malamaʻano nui iauaeoia oo? Ecia e hoolilo ana ia lakou i keʻano o nā souvenirs. Akā, me ka lole hana ua nui aku ke kino. Ua Kākoʻo ka hola kanaono nui a me ka maikaʻi-ikeia poʻe, i waena o i kekahi mea mai i kanakolu miliona dala makahiki huli. Kā lākou huahana ke paʻi 'ano hiki wawe ka me ka like i loko o Kuekene, Germany a me England. It E e kaulana ia i kūʻai Aneane pau na waiwai mai Latvia kahi'ē nō ma lalo o kā lākou mau ahi ole, a me nā pāʻoihana hoalawehana.

Aʻo i kaʻoihana lole? Iecaianoaaiiuo no ka mea hoʻolilo wale, a waiho Latvia i emi o ehiku pakeneka o kona huahana. No ka laʻana, i ka makahiki 2002, ka mea i kuai lilo aku ka lono like lole, ekolu haneri a me kanalima miliona dala. E like me kekahi lala o ka eu, Latvia ua puʻe wale akula kēlā, e komo i ka ekolu i kaʻumikumamāhiku hapahaneri o ka waiwai ma luna o nā mea a pau waiwai hoʻokomo mai kolu aina e, i pili i ka maka mea no ka lole oihana puolo. A maka mea ua kuai kokoke loa, me kalaka nui-pau huahana - ma Uzbekistan, Belarus, Ukraine a me ka hapanui o nā mea a pau - ma Russian. E like me ka hopena, i ka pau huahana mea nui aku pipiʻi: a fabrics, a me na kapa komo, a produces Latvia. Ke aupuni o ka hoʻokele waiwai 'Ua ehaeha nui. Ka hoʻokūkū ua hoʻomaka koke haule, a hiki mai i ka hana, a i mau Ua holomua, ka pomaikai o ka aina i lilo emi emi a.

ai aaioee hana

Kēia hana ma lalo o ka Soviet? Eia ua mau kupu 'aneʻi. Hoʻokele waiwai Kuhina o Latvia - ke kaulana Mū Kākela grandmaster a me ka politician Dan Reizniece-Ozola, paʻaʻAha Kuhina noho i ka 2016, i manaoio i ka makana congestion i loko o ka meaʻai hana kaiaulu hemahema e pono ai i na mea hiki ke ala i ka lanakila. A me, nō, e māhuahuaʻo wale he hookahi mea kanu ma Latvia, a produces ke kaulana "Riga silika." Kēia waiʻona a me keia la mai ke 'ano i ka pilina paʻa kuai, a me ka poʻe i loko o ka luna ekolu o ka nui poʻe uku.

Me kekahi mea ke nui loa. O ke kanalima-kumamaono haleʻuwī waiū aaioee mea kanu, ewalu wale nō, mai ke kauka holoholona Service o ka Europa e like palapala hoʻomaikaʻi o nā huahana, a haawi aku i ka pono ana i haleʻuwī waiū huahana maʻEulopa. Fish hoohei ae a me ka aaioee ia, hina iho la ekolu, e like me ka mea e like ai Europa koi i ka nui upgrade a me ke kūkulu houʻana o ka aneane a pau e hana. Mea i mea hiki ke paka i mikanele huahana uuku nā hoʻohua.

mahiai

Land mihi a me ka privatization ua alakai aku ia i kekahi 'ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o ke kumu o farmland. A e hooponoponoia mai ai na mea he nui hoohalua ana o ka aina, hoi aku la i kanaka i mea ole hoihoi i loko o ko lākou nohoʻana a me ka mai i keia manawa maopopo ole. Arable'āina i loko o ka hala, he iwakalua-ehiku pakeneka o ka aina waihona kālā 'ole, a me ka manawa, aole ua hoʻemi. Ke kula mauʻu uliuli noho ma mua ma kaʻumikumamākolu pakeneka, a me ka nahele - kahi o kanaha. Ano, halved ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka palaoa, a me ka uala ua hoʻemi ka iwakalua pakeneka o ka holoholona, pakahi, a me ka waiu a me ka ai, ua uuku, kokoke make nāʻoihana i mālama i ke kumu o ka mahiai i loko o Latvia.

Holoholona e halawai lulu popilikia e pono ai i keia la ke ole. Subsistence mahi hiki ole hānai na kanaka, mahiʻai i nele i ka waiwai, ka mea, i loa poorly hoomakaukau me fertilizers a me ka mahiʻai hana, a me ka hoao ana i loko o agribusiness ia i uuku. A me ka hapanui o importantly, ma Europe na mea a pau i ka mea, pakaʻaneʻane uncompetitive.

Laulā o nā lawelawe i: oo?

Latvia mea waiwai ma ka mōʻaukala kia hoʻomanaʻo i. Ma kona mau mokuna - e pili ana i ka haneri hana hoihoi nā pā kaua, a me nā hale aliʻi. Riga kahakai ma laila āpana loloa kaulana mea pōhaku wai (hydrogen sulfide) a me ka pākōlea mud. Eia naʻe, he mea ole a pau pono. Mua, mai iauaeoia oo? Ecia a me rebound i ole hoʻomaha ma Latvia. Ano, aia no he hopena o ka poe akamai i Europa: like me ka aaoeiiiiai oo? O ka Riga kahakai,ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia no ka mea, ke koi' ia piha-unahiʻole, i maemae-i hana. A me ia mea no ke aha la i keia la no laila, uʻi i loko o ka hala a me ka loa wawe ko kahua hoʻomoana, nā hōkele a me nā kahakai i haalele a pili kēia palaualelo.

Ua hoʻokumuʻia nā holoʻokoʻa aeuiiai ieaia? o ka wa kaawale ma Latvia ma Soviet manawa ma ka waena o ka hope ke kenekulia, a no laila ka mea, ua ike ia me ka makana o na mea he nui ana, a kiʻekiʻe Waiwai, ke nenoaia e e hou a oi ke kūlana. Kēia mea he mea kupaianaha huahelu:? Ecia ma Latvia, he aina i makemake papahana no iauaeoia oo? Ecia, mooolelo no 2 hapa haneri o GDP wale. I ka wā o ka Soviet Union mokuna ua kipa makahiki e aneane ehiku haneri tausani iauaeoia oo? Ecia, e loaʻa nō me kēia nui iwakalua manawa emi. People hele mai e hoomahaʻano nui mai Belarus a me Rusia, a hala loa i ka iki - mai Germany a me Finland. ʻEulopa hai mua ia mai, e kōkua hoʻomaha hoʻi i ka hana i loko o Latvia, a me ka Lakawia aupuni mua mai i ka lōʻihi-kau papahana no ka oo? Ecia e ulu ai, akā, no laila, mamao ma keia aina me ka lalo holo 'awelika maʻEulopa.

amo

Latvia ka hoʻokele waiwai e shaping mai i kanakolu pakeneka o ko lākou mau makahiki kona, mai ke alakai kaiaulu - maalo ukana. Wahie, ka hapanui Lūkini. Keia iwakalua-ehiku pakeneka o ka huina ka leo o ka waiwai hoʻolilo o ka waiwai a me nā lawelawe. Predominates (mai i kanalima hapahaneri o ka huli) alahao amo, ma kekona wahi me kanakolu pakeneka - pipelines, heʻumikumamāhā pakeneka o ka wai a me ka haawi ehiku - alanui amo. Alanui i nā mai ka hikina a hiki i ke komohana, a mai ka akau i ka hema.

Ka nui loa i loko o ke awa o ka hikina hapa o ka Baltic Sea - Ventspils,ʻo ia ke lawe i kekahi o ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo, a lawelawe i kekahi wahie. Eia ua hiki mai hoʻi tankers me ka pohupani hale o ka i ai i hoʻokahi haneri a me ka iwakalua tausani tona. Throughput o ka awa - kanaha miliona tons, mea hoʻolilo honua-papa maʻi. Riga awa hiki ke lawelawe i ka umi miliona tona, a ua Lūkini poʻe ma ka ipu maʻi hoakaka i kanawalu-ʻelima pakeneka o ka waiwai ma ka maalo. Pipelines, o ka papa, no hoi Rusia. Latvia i kona'auwaʻa iho o ka umikumamaha na moku, i ka huina pohupani hale - emi o kanaono tausani tona.

Pehea i hana ai i ka hoʻokele waiwai o Latvia

Ano, ua hiki ke hoike me ka wiwo ole i ka GDP i loko o ka mālama '-ulia au i puhiia e ka banal kuai o ka moku'āina waiwai i na nā kānaka hoʻopukapuka kālā, e like me eu waihona kālā a me nā loan EII ni. Ka mua i loko o kēia kaʻina hana i ke kalepa mau kapa a pau: ma ka makahiki elima ma 2008, uaʻaneʻane me kekahi mana i haawiia mai ai i ka heluna o Latvia, he nui ieeeea? O Euro no ka hale,'āina kūʻai, ke kūkulu houʻana o? Ueony noho mau mea, i ke kūʻai o ka pipiʻi kaa, kīwī a me ka holoi machines. Loan i haawi mai ai no ka makahiki mai i hookahi kanaha ma ka hapalua a nā pakeneka o ka makahiki.

Pela i hoomaka ai i ke ola ana o ka aie. A laila na au i na ino o ke ao nei ka hoʻoponopono ulia i loko o ka Euro āpana ua ai hoʻonāwaliwali ka solvency o ka aina, i Latvia i mua o ke koena o ka impoverishment o ka heluna kanaka. Eu 'ikepili helu e e hoopunipuni: 38% o ka poʻe e noho lā ma Latvia ma hope o 2012, he lalo ka ilihune laina. Ka hiki-kino puʻipuʻi heluna i haʻakoi e massively e hele wale aku no ka hana. Elua hapa haneri i loko o ka makahiki, e emi i ka helu o ka poʻe e noho lā ma Latvia. Iloko o ka "Soviet hana", ia nae mahuahua dramatically: ka mea, ua mua ia 1945 2.7 miliona kanaka, a ma ka makahiki 1985 - ano 3,7 miliona. Mai ka makahiki 1991 a hiki i 2005, ka mea i nalowale ma kahi o iwakalua pakeneka o ka heluna kanaka, a me ka ulia o ka makahiki 2008, i kēia kaʻina ua ano hoomainoino.

Ka uku o a me na auhau

Mai ka hoʻomaka o 2017 (manoanoa hoi, oa ma mua auhau) i hoʻonohoʻia ma ka palena iki hana ma Latvia ma 380 Euro no mahina. O ka hailona. Ka uku (kekahi ma mua auhau) - 810 Euro, i loko o ka moku'āina hale a - 828 Euro, a mai nā mea nona - 800.

Ma hope o auhau 828 Euro awelike uku hoohuliia i 611 Euro. Naʻe, i kēia mea,ʻaʻole i ka pau kiʻi. I ka 2016, 177.800 poe hana i loaa me ka nui loa haʻahaʻa uku ma mua o ka palena iki. I ka 2015, i kēia mau hana ua 173.400, i mea oi aku mamua o iwakalua hapahaneri o nā hana ma ka aina. Latvia ka heluna kanaka, e like me 2015 - 1.973.000 kanaka (e like me ka mea i loko o Soviet manawa 3,7 miliona). Employable He manawa 969.200, ka nele ana - aneane he umi pakeneka.