Pono, na mea kaua a me ka hakakā ikaika o ka Japanese Air Max: i hala iho nei, a hoʻokomo i

Ka iwakalua kenekulia ua i ka wā o ka mālama nui? Acaeoey o koa maunakea i loko o nā'āinaʻEulopa he nui loa. Ke kumu o ka Air Max i ka pono no ka Huipuia, i ka lewa a me Kao lele lako kaua ka palekana o ke kaiāulu a me ka kālai'āina-oaio? A. Ka hooulu ana o ka hakakā mokulele i malama ole wale nō i loko oʻEulopa. Ka iwakalua kenekulia - ka manawa o ka hoʻoulu i ka mana o ka Japanese Air Max, a ke aupuni i kekahi, imi iho la e hoomalu ia lakou iho, i ka kaʻakālai a me ka mea nui moku'āina? Iae.

Pehea ka mea, a pau, hoomaka ae la? Japan i loko o nā makahiki 1891-1910

I ka 1891, Japan ka mua lele machines i ee. O lakou na Ke Ana Hoʻohālike hoʻohana laholio Hawaii. Over manawa, ka mea i hanaia e ka mokulele nui, ma a ka 'ole i ka holo a me ka pusher propeller. Akā, i kēia huahana o ka Japanese Air Max ua i pili. iloko maunakea hanau i ka 1910, ma hope o ka 'āpana o ka mokulele "Farman" a me ka "Hekikai".

1914. Ka mua dogfight

Nā ho'āʻo mua, e hoʻohana i ke Kepani koa mokulele i i ma September 1914. I ia manawa i ka poʻe kaua o ka hikina a ka lā, a me Beritania a me Farani kū'ē i nā kēia kanaka Kelemānia hoʻonohoʻia i loko o ka palena o Kina. A makahiki mua kēia mau hanana o ka Japanese Air Max no ka aʻo hana loaa mau papalua pelane "Nieuport NG" a me kekahi Triple "Nieuport ke HI" 1910 kala. Soon kēia mau aviaedinitsy i ua hoʻohana no kaua. Japan ka air max i ka 1913, ma mua ka mea, he eha mokulele "Farman", i ua papahana no ka reconnaissance. Over manawa, hoomaka ae la lakou e e hoʻohana 'ia no ka noi o ka lewa e pepehi iho at ma luna o ka enemi.

I ka 1914, i ka Kelemānia air lawe mai i ka hoouka i ka'auwaʻa i loko o Tsingatao. Kelemania, i ia manawa, e hana i kekahi o kona maikaʻi lele ana machines - "Taub". I ka holo ana o keia kai eʻe i ka Air Max Japanese mokulele lawe mai 86 sorties, a kulu 44 hopeʻia.

1916-1930 makahiki. Na hana o ka manufacturing poe

I ia manawa, "Kawasaki", "Nakajima" a me ka "Mitsubishi" e lawe mai Japanese poe e kūkulu i kū hoʻokahi lele waapa "Yokoso". Mai 1916, ua hana Japanese Manufacturers manao 'oi mokulele Ke Ana Hoʻohālike i loko o Kelemania, Palani a me England. Kēia moku'āina o ka mea mau ae la ia no ka umikumamalima makahiki. Mai 1930, poe e hoomaka ana i ka hana mokulele no ka Air Max ma Japan. I keia la, i ka puali koa o kēia moku'āina mea i waena o ka poe koa loa mana heʻumi i loko o ke ao nei.

wahi lulu Aey? acaeoey

I ka 1936, "Kawasaki" Japanese manufacturing poʻe, "Nakajima" a me ka "Mitsubishi" ka mua mokulele i kūkulu. Japan ka Air Max ua i ka māhoe-engine bomber wahi lulu? Iecaianoaaiiuo G3M1 a me Ki-21 reconnaissance mokulele Ki-15 kinai A5M1. I ka 1937, i ke kaua ma waena o Iapana a me Kina flared hou. He kūpono ma ka privatization o Japan ka nui hanalima hana a me ka hoihoi o ke aupuni i ka mana hoʻomalu ma luna o lākou.

Japan ka air max. kauoha

Ke poo o ka lewa koa o Japan o ka papa kuhikuhiE ke keʻena luna. , E kauoha aku ka subordinate ia ia:

• hakakāʻana kākoʻo;
• maunakea;
• kamaʻilio;
• aʻo;
• he pūʻulu no e malu ai;
• hōʻike;
• haukapila;
• Japan Air Max counterintelligence Oihana.

Ke Kaua o ka Air Max hooku iho la ia i ka hakakā, aʻo, amo a me ka hana Kekoa a me helicopters.

Kauoha akuʻoe i nā hale a mokulele mua World

No ka lōʻihi manawa i ka puali koa o ke aupuni a pau o Japan he i ka mau kuokoa mai kekahi i kekahi koa aeuiiai ieaia? - ke koa a me Moana. Alakaʻi imi mua i ka i kā lākou mau huahelu ma lalo o ke kauoha o ka maunakea no ka halihali ana i kā lākou mau ukana. E ho okumu i na nā moku halihali mokulele ma Takinava i loko o ka munitions hola "Arsenal №1", a no a hiki i ka aina kaua, hou a reworked na ohua, a kalepa moku. Ka mea, e kākoʻo 'ano o ka amo, a ua hoʻomano hoʻohana' e lawe aku nā limahana a me nā kapa kila lepo koa. Ma ka mokuna o keia hola i ke aupuni 'Airfield aeuiiai ieaia? E leie aku oe e' ike i ka trophy airplanes.

Mamua o World War I koa maunakea Japan i kona papa koa pa alima - ea brigade o ke koa. Ua oia o squadrons (AE). Kēlā me kēia i loaʻa ka umikumamakahi airplanes. O kēia mau, ekolu kaa no a hiki i ke koena. ʻO ia ka helu, he hoʻokahi loulou laina maunakea Authority (LA) a ua subordinate i ka General Staff. Kēlā me kēia squadron Ua manao no kekahi mau 'oihana: reconnaissance, kinai a me legkobombardirovochnyh hana o ka Japanese Air Max. Reconnaissance lako a pan a me nā mea kaua regiments helu 30 huahelu kinai - 45. hana kūikawā aviagroup hana mahele ana, a ua i kā lākou mau Airfield, trims. Ka mea, i mālama i loko o ka Army maunakea mau pūʻali. I mālama iā lākou i luna ma ka hoouka i ke kaua, mai lalo o ka luna.

reorganization

I ka 1942, ua eliminated ka mea, Army maunakea mau pūʻali. Wale o ka mahele, a me ka māhele o ka regiments o ka lokomaikai kiekie kauoha hana 'ole. Mua o ke Kaua Honua II, a pau Japanese mokulele i ole he ano kaawale o ka poʻe hao wale, a i subordinated i ka Moana, a me ka Auguseto ka poe koa. Ua koke ana aʻei koa maunakea huahelu, kūpono ma kekahi hui, a regiments (AA), ka hana ana a me ka kaʻakālai kaʻilikai.

• First Air Army (BA) me ke kumu i loko o ka Kanto wahi, a me ka ke keʻena luna ma Tokyo. Danae Japanese kaua e hoʻomalu aku, a me ka Kurile Pae Aina, Korea, Taiwan.
• Lua o ka BA hoʻonohoʻia ma ka Xinjing. Area o ke kuleana i ka Manchukuo.
• Ekolu VA'āina koa ma ka malama ana i ka Hikina Hema hawaiian māhele 'āina. Na ke keʻena luna i hoʻonohoʻia ma Kēkēmapa.
• Eha BA lāʻau New Guinea, a me ka Solomona Pae Aina. Na ke keʻena luna ua ke aupuni 'o Rabaul.
• Elima VA i ka wahi o ke kuleana i loko o ka E kuai oukou hema a me ka hikina like o Kina. Ke keʻena luna - i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Nanjing.
• Eono VA i kona ke keʻena luna ma luna o ka mokupuni o Kyushu. Lāʻau ?? eoi? - i ka mokupuni o Okinawa, Taiwan a me ke komohana o Japan.

"Kamikaze" Air Japan

I ka moolelo o keia olelo hiki i ka makahiki 1944. I ia manawa, Japan i ka reorganization o maunakea. Ma ke kumu o ka? Ueony maunakea regiments i kauoha mai ai ma ka Japanese pahu kūikawā naehana i hana. Ka mea, he he squadron o Bombers a me nā palapala kūhelu i hōʻike 'ia squadron "Kamikaze". Kā lākou hana i ka physical loa ia'na o ka bomber huahelu o ka United States Air Max B-17 a me B-29. No kona hana Japanese pahu Special Pauku Ua hana ka hoʻohana 'ana i ke kuʻi hipa kāne ma luna o ka moku i ole i kā lākou mokulele kekahi lako kaua.

No ka manao ana o ia mau huahelu mea typical mokulele fuselage hoʻoikaika hoʻokāʻoi. Ma ka holoʻokoʻa mōʻaukala o ka lewa koa o Japan i hoʻokumuʻia aku ma mua o 160 pahu o maunakea kūikawā naehana. O kēia mau mea, 57 i ua hana ma ke kumu o nooaai? Ea moku.

I ka makahiki 1945, ua lawe aku ke hana mai "Ketsu-hele" no ka hoomalu ana i ka mokupuni a hiki i Iapana ma ka lewa koa o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. E like me ka hopena o ka reorganization o nā pūʻali koa i hui i loko o ka hookahi 'ole ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o General maunakea M. Kavabe.

multipurpose kükohu

Mawaena o kaʻokoʻa hakakā maunakea mokulele ia ninoaaeyao he kūikawā wahi Mitsubishi F-2. Japan Air Max, no ka mea, ua papahana, hoʻohana i kēia kumu hoʻohālike me he aʻo a me ka aʻo, e like me ke kinai-bomber. Ka mokulele Ua manaoia e e he follower o ka mua maloudachnyh Lolina F-1, a i kekahi hana e na Kepani Hookah "Mitsubishi". Hooluolu mai ia, e noho ana i ka F-1 o ka mea i kēia kumu hoʻohālike i hookuu ia me ka lawa huahelu a me ka uuku hakakā haawe ana. A hiki ke hoʻololi i ka mea hou kükohu F-2 Japanese poʻe akamai, haku polokalamu ma lalo o ka aoao o ka papahana 'Amelika "Edzhayn manu lele". I loko nō o ka mea i ka ua loaʻa F-2 Ua visually reminiscent o kona prototype - ka American ho o ka F-16, ka mea, ua noʻonoʻo i ka hou Japanese? Iecaianoaaiiie, no ka mea, i kekahi oko ao:

• I ka hoʻohana ana i kekahi? Ieoaeunoaa mea. Ma ka hana o ka Kepani kükohu ua wehewehe aku ma ka laha ana o ka holomua lua mau mea, a me ka nui loa loli i ka emi ana i loko o ka paona o ka airframe.
• Mokulele Design F-2 oko a mai ka F-16.
• Ke Kula Kaiapuni 'o-papa nenoai.
• E like me ka mea kaua.
• F-2 a me kona prototype hoʻohana likeʻole uilaʻoe.

I ka manao o na Kepani mokulele F-2 hoʻohālikeʻana loaʻa iā ia me ka prototype no kona naaupo wale, ma Menuka, a me ka adaptability.

kükohu B6N1

Air Max o Japan i loko o ke Kaua Honua II i hoʻohana i kekahi o kona mau oi-kāhiko torpedo Bombers B6N1 ( "Tendzan"). Ka hoʻomaka 'ana o pūkaʻina deliveries o keia mokulele, i lilo ai i ka 1943. Ma ka pau ana o ka Akuma ka mea i kūkulu 133 mokulele. Ka mua Eia kekahi laʻana loaa squadron, a komo pū mokulele nā moku halihali mokulele: 601 la, 652 la, a me 653 la. No ka mea, ua kekahi maoli hoʻoweliweli 'mai o ka US Air Max mokupuni o Bougainville, ke alakaʻi o Japan maunakea, ka mea i hooholoia, e hoolilo i ka hookahi kanaha B6N1 huahelu ma Rabaul. I Nowemapa, a me ke komo ana o keia kükohu, ka mua ea kaua i i nalowale. Ua Ua hele ka 16 i makaukau "Tendzanov". O kēia mau mea, no ka Japanese Air Max nalowale eha. ʻO kekahi mau sorties he no hoi ineffective.

mea i manao ai B6N1

• "Tendzan" paukūʻolokaʻa engine i hoʻolako pono me ka ea anuanu maila '.
• Pake "Mamoru" ua hoʻomāka ma 1800 L / s.
• Ka hakakā mokulele lako a poe luna, a malalo a hāpai nā 27,7 mm o caliber pū.
• B6N1 pōkā pahū haawe pōpilikia ma 800 kg. Kēia nā ka torpedo (1pc) a me ka hope.
• Ohua nona iho - ekolu kanaka.

Ke kaua no ka Mariana Islands

Ma June makahiki 1944, Japan Air Max hoʻohana i ka papahele "Tendzan" i loko o ka kaua kokoke i ka Mariana Islands. Ka lōʻihi o 68 iniha, kapuaʻi, i wahi. B6N1 kükohu i loko o kēia kaua i mālama like torpedo-Bombers a me nā alakaʻi Radar - ka mea, ua i gunner no Percussion kūikawā pūʻulu o Japanese mokulele. Kēia kaua lapana a me kona mokulele i nalowale. O ka 68ʻaoʻao hoʻi i hope ewalu wale nō kumu.

Ma hope o ka kaua o ka Marianas Iapana alakaʻi maunakea, ka mea i hoʻoholo i ka palapala mokulele hoʻohana wale Hawaiian kumu.

Ke confrontation o ka USSR

Mokulele "Tendzan" i loko o ke kaua no ka Okinawa i hoʻohana like Bombers a me kamikaze hi. B6N1 mokulele Ua lako pono me ka kūikawā Radar. No laila i hāʻawi i ka m-93 kokutai (Air Group), a ua i Anati-mokuluu patrol Japan maunakea kauoha i haawiia mai kŘkohu. "Tendzany" i komo i ka kokutai 553rd. Japan Air Group Air Max oia o ka 13 kaa i i loko o nā kaua hapa me ka mokulele o ka Soviet Union.

I loko nō kona 'oluʻolu oaoieei-kiko'î, ke Kepani "Tendzany" i mea keakea, a oia no ilihune i waeia o ka engine. Kēia ka meheu o ke kaʻina hana B6N1 hoike i? Iecaianoaaiiuo. E like me ka hopena, hoopukaia kükohu me ka nui loa lagged ma hope o kaʻenemi mokulele.

Japanese ea'auwaʻa

I ka 1975, na nā limahana o ka air max o Japan oia o 45 tausani kanaka. Hakakā'auwaʻa i 500 huahelu. O kēia mau mea, 60 e pili ana i ka ikaika machines F-4EJ, 170 huahelu F10- 4J a me 250 F-86F. Hoʻohana 'ia no ka meaʻimi loa i ka lewa kŘkohu RF-4E a me RF-86F (20 huahelu). In Japan Air no transporting waiwai, a hana eha aku la ia i hoakakaia 35 maunakea machines a me helicopters 20 150 PU Zura Hajk-J. I ke kula kau wela, he 350 mokulele. No ka kuhikuhi i ka hana ma ka hoʻolilo o ke Kepani ea kauoha, he 15 airbases a me Airfield.

I ka 2012, ua ua hoʻemi mai 45 000 a hiki i 43 700. ālai 'mahuahua'auwaʻa (200 huahelu) ka helu o nā limahana.

Japan ka Air Max i keia la pihaʻi me 700 huahelu, me:

• 260 - a tactical nunui-kūlana ikaika;
• 200 - stormtroopers a me ka hoʻonaʻauao aʻo kükohu;
• 17 - AWACS Kekoa;
• 7 - kükohu lawe ana Hoʻi Hou akamai;
• 4 - KUMUMANAʻO NUI tanker;
• 44 - koa-amo machines.

pale kuka

Hoemi i ka helu ana o nā limahana a me ke anoe o ka hakakā mokulele'auwaʻa hōʻike i ke kohoʻia o ka lewa koa o Japan mea,ʻaʻole ma ka nuipa a ma ka hopena wahi. E like me ka mea hou kumumanao no ke pale aku, me ka Air Max e i hoʻonui i ka mana o ke pakiko-pale, a e relocate kona squadron ma ka hoʻomālama ia ma luna o ka strategically pono kulana. I kekahi o kēia mau wahi o ka mokupuni Ryuko. Ka lua o ka mua i loko o ka Air kauoha akuʻoe i hana, e kuai i ka lima-hanauna kinai mokulele.