Roma me Kinohi, kona 'elele

Roma, Roma, Roma - mea maʻa mau itinerant kanaka mua mai North India, ua hohola iho la a puni ke ao nei,ʻano nui maʻEulopa.

'Ōlelo a me ka me Kinohi

Most Roma olelo i ka palapala o ka Roma, a ua pili loa aku i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia Indo-Europa, 'ōlelo o ka'ākau India, e like me ka papa' ōlelo 'ana o ke aupuni i loko o a lakou i noho ai. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka Roma pūʻulu haʻalele India na manawa he nui, a me ka XI kenekulia ka mea, e noho ana i loko o Peresia, i ka hoʻomaka o ka XIV kenekulia. - ma South-hikinaʻEulopa, a ma ka XV kenekulia. hiki WesternʻEulopa. Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o ka iwakalua kenekulia. ka mea, ua hohola ai i nā mea a pau âinapuni noho.

Maka he nui Roma kapaʻia lākou ma ka kekahi, he pono ole ka inoa "lama" (a 'o ia hoʻi "ke kanaka" a me "kane"), a me nā mea a pau me ka ole-Roma - ka manawa "Gadjo" a me "gadzho" (i ka'ōlelo me ka pejorative connotations, a' o ia hoʻi "hillbilly" a me "kela poe kanaka ei" ). He nui Roma manaoio i ka inoa "Gypsy" kūpono '.

demography

No ka mea, o ko lākou nomadic Aloha Hawaii, nele o kūhelu heluʻikepili, e like me hoʻohuihui me nā nomadic pūʻulu, ka auhau o ko ke ao nei i ka huina helu o Roma mea ma waena o elua a me elima miliona kanaka. Aia nō i ike loea 'ikepili helu ma ke kumu o sporadic ka hōʻike' ana i loko o kekahi mau aina i hiki ke loaa. Most Roma nō e noho ana i loko o Europe, o ka oi aku i loko o slavyanogovoryaschih aina o Central 'Eulopa , a me ka Balkans. He nui no ia e noho i loko o ka Lepupalika Czech a me Solowakia, Hungary, ka mua a me ka Yugoslavia kokoke Pulakalia a me Romania.

mau loa nā kānaka eʻe'āina

Stereotype o ka nomadicʻaeʻa i pinepine kue i ka mea i emi emi o ia a me ka oiaio i mau E neʻe i. Eia naʻe, i ko lakou hele i kaupalena. A pau elele o ka nomadic Roma me Kinohi E neʻe i ma ka hoonohoia'na o? Ooia e kāpae'ōlelo aupuni palena. Ka mea i hahai i ka lei o ka 'ohana a me tribal ano laulea.

Roma predisposition i ka nomadic ala o ke ola, kena ae la ia e ka ikaika expulsion paha deportation. 80 makahiki ma hope o kā lākou muaʻano ma Western Europe i loko o ka 15th kenekulia ka mea, ua kipakuʻia mai aneane pau aina o Western Eulopa. I loko nō o ka mea i nui Roma lilo i ke kumu o ke kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana ka hoomaau a me ka mea hoʻolilo i waho, i ka Roma, nae, hoomau iho la oia i ka hōʻike i kekahi palapala a me kekahi i loko o nā'āina ka mea, ua haʻalele.

hoopii mea

All hele ka noho 'ana pūʻulu e noho ana i waena o kūʻonoʻono lahuikanaka he e lilo pono wao akua,. Ke oia o ka hihia a me ka Roma, ma ka kūloko heluna ua mau hoopiiia o na hewa, i ua he prelude e hoʻoholumua i olelo a me ka loio i kekahi hana. Lākou mau ana a me ka poʻe kaua aina Aupuni Ua koho ia e ka mea i hahai ana ka mea mamuli o kekahiʻokoʻa. Official kānāwai Ua pinepine pahuna ma kā lākou kaʻaluna, a koi i ka sedentary Aloha Hawaii, akā, i nā luna i systematically hoole aku ia lakou i ka pono, e uhai i kā lākou e hoʻomoana ai.

Iloko o ka mohaikuni Roma wale ka hewa i kā lākou Romany aupuni 'ē aku. Kēia i kūpono i ka makeʻana o ka 400.000 Roma ma ka Nazis.

Palani kānāwai lawe hou ua papa ia ku hale, a i ia paha i ka makai hooponopono, auhau ia, a kapa aku la i na koa e hana e like me ka maʻamau poe kanaka.

Spain a Wales - na mau'āina, i mea pinepine kākau i nā like examples o Hawaii ma a Roma i lilo i sedentary, ināʻaʻole loa assimilated.

Nei, ka mea Socialist hoʻomoana ai ma ka hikina Europe'āina i ho'āʻo e? Ii i ka papahana o ka mea, hoʻoikaika ihola hooponopono, ke hoʻololi e hoopau ai i ko lakou mau nomadicʻaoʻao o ke ola.

gypsy hooiaio

Mea maʻa mau, me ka Roma i komo ma ka hana i 'ae' ia e malama i ka nomadicʻaoʻao o ke ola, noho i loko o ka periphery o ke kaiāulu. Nā kānaka, he mau holoholona poʻe kālepa, a me trainers Artists, tinkers, blacksmiths, poe paahana? Aiiio o ka lumi kuke oihana a pau a me nā mea hoʻokani pila; wahine o ka naau kuai lilo aku la potions, e noi ana, a hookipa i ka hoolohe.

Ma mua o ka Hekikai o kauka holoholona lapaau, he nui mahiʻai i huli no Roma, e kukakuka pu me ia ma luna o nā mea o ka holoholona a me ka bipi ola.

Hoikehonua, ola o Roma Hōʻike 'ka "holomua" o ko ke ao nei Hajiyev. Huakaʻi ua manawa hana i ka huakaʻi o ka hi, i kona kalaka a me eeia, a ua UAIAaIN holoholona kuai ma ke kuai ana o ia kaa a me eeia. ʻOiai nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka lumi kuke mau ipu, a me ka hema Tinker me ka hana, ua lilo kekahi hoʻokiwikā Roma ola auto mechanics a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi hou kaʻa kino. Inā kekahi poʻe he nui Roma nō e alakaʻi i ka nomadicʻaoʻao o ke ola, he nui ua noho, hou aku i kou nā mākau 'ole ka hana i na limahana. Apuni ka circuses a me nā wahi ulu lāʻau Hoʻoleʻaleʻa no hoi i hana i ke kālā no Roma i trainers, kiosk kanaka kūʻai aku a me ka pomaikai kilokilo.

ohana

Panina Roma ohana ninoieo o ka mare hui a me kā lākou i mare me na keiki, a ma ka liʻiliʻi loa hoʻokahi mare keiki, kana wahine, a me kā lākou mau keiki. Ma hope iho o ka mare ana o kekahi keiki hui ana ola me ke kane i ka makua me ka wahine opio, aole ia i ike i ke ala o ke ola o ka ohana o kana kane. Maikaʻi loa, ma ka manawa o ke keikikane e e mākaukau e waiho me kona ohana, ke keiki muli iho i ka mare, a alakaʻi i kaʻohana o kona hou wahine. Mua ka mare i mea maʻa mau hoʻolālā i nā lunakahiko o kaʻohana pae ole, e hooikaika kālai'āina a me ka kinship a me nā 'ohana, nā pūʻulu paha, kēlā wā i kēia wā, confederations, eia nae ma ka pau ana o ka iwakalua kenekulia, keia hana ua hoole mai me ka nui loa. Ke kumu nui hiʻona o ka mare o Roma i uku e uku aku ai i ka wahine mare i ka makua o ke kahu o ka makua.

ka lāhui i nā pūʻulu

Kiʻiona hiʻona o Roma kumu e hooponoponoia ia mea, ma ka 'āina' oko ao, ka ikaika ma kekahi mau Hawaiʻi a me ka dialectal hiʻona. Aia i ekolu papa kuhikuhiE lala, a me ka lahuikanaka, Roma:

• Kelderari - Kotljary-tinkers, ka mea i hele mai, mai ka Balkans, a laila, i loko o Central Europe, a nō ka mea oi aku ka nui.
• Iberian Roma, a zhitanos - Roma kumu, o kona mau lala e noho ka hapanui i loko o ka Iberian Peninsula, North Africa a me ka hema o Farani. Ikaika i loko o ke akamai o ka lealea.
• Manush (mai ka Palani manouche), iʻikeʻia me Sinti - Roma kumu, o kona mau lala e noho ka hapanui ma Alsace a me nā wahi o Farani a me Germany. He nui o ia hele ana showmen a me circus.

Kēlā me kēia o Roma me Kinohi ua maheleia i elua a oi subgroups, pu ole, keʻenaʻoihana specialization ole ia kenekoa kumu.

pili aupuniʻahahui

Kiakahi Ke kauoha aku i hana ole kino, Ahaolelo, a koho ia i "ke alii" loaa a pau i ka Roma, eia nae "kūwaho hoʻi" Roma Ahaolelo Lahui paʻa ma Munich, Moscow, Bucharest, Sofia (1906), a ma ke Polish kulanakauhale Ruvne (i loko o 1936). Aka hoi, i ka wa o na mana pili aupuni i loko o Roma o ka hoʻokumu 'ia mea. i hou aku Atamans pūʻulu i i neʻe ana i ka nui o ka mai 10 a hiki i kekahi mau haneri nā hale o ka poe i loaa ia lakou hanohano aʻe, e like me "Duke" a me "Kauna", i loko o kona mau kakahiaka moolelo me ka kūloko heluna, he paha. Mau alakaʻi (luna) i koho ia no ke ola, mai waena koʻikoʻi maʻohana. Ko lakou ikaika a me ka mana e lauwili ke kaumaha ma muli o ka helu o ka ahahui, kuʻuna a me ka pili ma me nā nāʻoihana i loko o ka confederation.

Voivod ua puuku no ka pae, hoʻoholo i ke ala o kona poʻe Polenekia, a komo i loko o ke kūkā 'ana me ka kūloko kulanakauhale Aupuni. He alakai ma ka ahaolelo o na lunakahiko, ka mea i kukakuka i ka mua wahine 'ē aʻe. i ke ole o ka la mahope ikaika, pela me ka pili ana i ka hopena o na wahine a me na keiki, a i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka nohoaliʻi hiki i ka loaʻa, a hoonohonoho nā wāhine i loko o ka pae.

kaiapili hoʻoholo

Ikaika hui o ka lawelawe ana o ka Roma kanaka, ua "Chris" - mau kānāwai a me ka pololei, e like meʻano hana a me ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo pūʻulu. Roma poe i ke kumu o ka hulina kivila o ke aloha, coherence a me ka mā lama i loko o ka ikeʻahahui kālai'āina. Ke kiekie ana o ka hoopai aha lunakānāwai, i hana mai ai me nā mea a pau o ka hoopaapaa a me ka 'aʻe' ana o ka Code, ua excommunication mai ka pae. ostracism hoohewaia e ke hookaawale ia i kekahi kanaka, mai komo i loko o kekahi hana, a, e hoopai aku ia ia hana i akamai i ka hana. Ma kekahi mau hihia, o ka poe kahiko i hoʻonoho ai ma luna o hoʻopulapula, i ukali ia e hoolaulea aku ai Holiday.

nohona hui

Roma pūʻulu he poe e ka vic, 'ole.. Ahahui hoopomaikai io' ohana me ka hoʻomaopopo like me Kinohi, nā paternal a me ka maternal, helu ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 200 kanaka. Most Vitsa hiki i kona mau alii a me ka ahalunakanawai. E komo i loko o ka Hope, e hiki ke koi ae like me ka hopena o ka mare ana i kekahi lala o ka genus. Ka makee a me ka-yeiiiie? Alu like 'ana ua manaoia ma ka pae ana o ka hale ma mua o vitsyʻilikai. Ke Romani'ōlelo mea,ʻaʻole he nōhie manawa no ka hale. Man hiki paha helu ma ke kākoʻo huahelu o pili hoahanau, a me ka poe ana i mea kāohi kokoke loa a me ka mea i loko o ka hakakā.

uhane hilinaʻi

Roma e mai i ka oihana ka manaoio, a ma ka hala, e ana hoʻowahāwahā ka mea, hoʻonohonoho hoʻomana. I keia la, i ka Roma, ua pinepine ia e like me ka Hoʻohaku hoomana ana o ke aupuni i loko o i ka mea e ola nei, a me ka wehewehe ana ia lakou iho me "he wahi lihi iki o ka hoku hoʻopuehuʻia i loko o ka maka o ke Akua." Kekahi pūʻulu i Kakolika, Nā Poʻe Isalama, Pentecostals, Kalawina, Anglicans a me ka Baptists.

Roma nänä pono i ka luna 'kau o ka rula e hoomalu aku i na mea e like neatness, Hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka mahalo, ka mahalo, a me ka pono. Mau rula i kapaia "Roma". Romano o ia hoʻi, e hele me ka hanohano a me ka mahalo, e like me ka Roma kanaka. "Romanipen" - he gypsy inoa o ko lākou mau ideology.

poʻe kiaʻi o ka mooolelo

Roma mea he kanaka hoʻouna o Popular hilinaʻi a me na hana i loko o ka wahi, kahi a lakou i noho ai (no ka laʻana, Romania), ka malama ana i ka na oihana, hula a me ka me, a i nalowale pili mai kua'āina ke ola ma ka huli ana o ka XXI kenekulia. Lākou bila hoʻoilina mea, alahula mau, a mai nā ', no ka laʻana, flamenco. ʻOiai Roma i ka waiwai una ha i waha, palapala moʻokalaleo o ko lākou kŘpa a uneventful.

I ka hoʻomaka o ka XXI kenekulia, ke Roma hoʻomau e aumeume me nāʻokoʻa i loko o kā lākou moʻomeheu. I loko nō o ka mea i ka mea, i emi e hoomalu ia lakou iho e ku e ia kekahi hana e kaʻenemi ke kaiāulu, kekahi mistrust a me ka intolerance koe. Paha he nui o ka pilikia a me i ka mea, eʻalo, ua ka'aʻaiawāʻana o ko lākou mauʻaoʻao o ke ola ma lalo o ka aoao o ke kūlanakauhale i loko o ka industrialized nā kaiapili. Kumuhana apau loa o ka 'ohana a me ka lāhui i kona pono, he pono ole i loko o ke mele o ka Roma malama i kekahi manaʻo o ka mea mea o Roma me Kinohi, kokua, akā, kekahi o na exponents opiopio, a me ka loea o keia mele ua' ole ma ka mea uku naulu la i ka mea ma waho ao nei. Kanaka hale noho, waiwai kuokoa, a me ka intermarriage me Nerom e hou, he pono ole.