Satirical ia paena ma ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua kaʻao Saltykov-Shchedrin

Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin - mea nāna i hana i ka palapala, ai 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke kūikawā - he satirical moʻolelo. Small moʻolelo Russian kākau moʻolelo denounced bureaucracy a me ka autocracy, liberalism. He 'atikala discusses kēia mau hana o Saltykov-Shchedrin, like "Wild haku hale", "aeto-haipule", "Wise minnow", "Carp-idealist."

Hiʻona kaʻao Saltykov-Shchedrin

I ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua kaʻao, kēia mea kākau moʻolelo hiki halawai a me ka hoailona ia, a me ka grotesque a me ka hyperbole. Aia nā hiʻona ano Aesopian kakou kamailio ana. Ke kamaʻilio ma waena o nā huapalapala noonoo i ka heluia, e lanakila ana ma ka malu o ka XIX kenekulia. He aha nō nā 'ana i kūpono i hoʻohana satirical kākau moʻolelo? I mea e pane i kēia nīnau, ka mea, e ia he manawa pōkole hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o ka mea kākau o ka ola no laila, i hoohanaʻoʻoleʻa'āhewa aku i nā ao o ka landowners.

e pili ana i ka mea kākau

Saltykov-Shchedrin hui pū i kona palapala, ai '' oihana a me ka lehulehu hana. I ka wā e hiki mai mea kākau i hānau i loko o ka Tver mokuna, akā, ma hope o ka pau ana o ka Lyceum hele aku ai i St. Petersburg, kahi ia i loaa i kaʻoihana i loko o ka War Office. Ua i loko o nā makahiki mua o ke ana i loko o ke kapikala o ke keiki luna hoomaka ae la oia e'ū auaneʻi bureaucracy, wahaheʻe, boredom aliʻi kulanui. Me ka nui makemake Saltykov-Shchedrin hele likeʻole ka palapala, ai ahiahi, a i Kīwala'ō e antiserfdom naʻau i loko. About kona mau manao, oia o Tilly i Petersburgers i loko o ka moʻolelo "A huikau hoʻokolokolo," "ku e ana mai". No ka mea, ua i a hoʻokuewa wale 'ia Vyatka.

Life i loko o ka mokuna i hiki i ka mea kākau, e malama i au mamuli o ka bureaucratic ao nei, i ke ola o na landowners a me ko na kauwa hooluhi hewa ia mai e ia. Kēia ka hoao ana i lilo i mea no ka hope i kākau hana, e like me ke kahua o ka kūikawā satirical 'ana i kūpono. A Contemporary o Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin koke aku la no ia: "He ike Lūkini, e like ole i kekahi mea e ae."

Satirical ia paena Saltykov-Shchedrin

Kana hana Ua like. Akā, paha ka loa hanohano iwaena o na hana o Saltykov-Shchedrin mea pono poʻe hoʻokalakupua kaʻao. Aia i kekahi mau hana satirical i kūpono me ka a ka mea kākau i ho'āʻo ana e hoolilo i ka mea heluhelu i ka 'oni' ana, a me ka falsity ana o ka haku hale i loko o ke ao nei. A ma luna o nā mea a pau ia mea, he hoailona ia. I ka paku mea kākau hōʻike i ka walaau ole kālai'āina a me ka nohona nīnūnē e hoike i ko lakou wahi iho o ka nānaina.

Kekahi iaoia - ka hoʻohana o fantastic motifs. No ka laʻana, ma "ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ke kanaka hoʻokahi i hanai ai i mau pūkaua pehea" Ua malama me ke kumu o ka olelo o ka eha ma ka naau e ku ei na konohiki. Hope, Ua haawiia i ka satirical i kūpono Shchedrin,ʻaʻole e hōʻike i ka symbolism. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, na meʻe o ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua kaʻao pinepine kuhikuhi i kekahi o ka nohonaʻike manaʻo o ka XIX kenekulia. No laila, i ke kumu nui huapalapala o "Konyaga" lewa a pau i ka eha o ka Lūkini kanaka, hoʻokaumaha no kenekulia. Lalo mea he Ikepili o ka wae hana o Saltykov-Shchedrin. He aha satirical i kūpono i hoʻohana i loko o ia mau mea?

"Carp-idealist '

Ma keia kaao, manao o ka pilina hōʻike Saltykov-Shchedrin. Satirical ia paena e e loaʻa i loko o ka huina hoonui "Carp-idealist" hiki - o ka symbolism, ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka mahaloia olelo a me nā'ōlelo akamai. Kēlā me kēia o nā huapalapala - he like kiʻi o ka elele o ka nohona papa.

Ke kuka revolves puni ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua moʻolelo - he kūkākūkā Carp a me Ruff. Mua, ka mea, ua ano maopopo o ka inoa o ka mea hana, mai kahakai āu e e idealistic worldview, ka manaoio ma ka maikaʻi. Ruff ia - ka mea, 'o ka mea ku ole, skeptic theories hoomaewaewa mai ai ia i kona hoa paio. Aia He He moʻolelo, a me ke kolu o ke ano - Pike. Kēia unsafe iʻa nô kêia ka Saltykov-Shchedrin, ka mana e ia i loko o ka huahana. Pike ua ikeia e hanai ma carp. Hope, i puhiia e ka momona manao, ka mea, ua hoouna aku la i ka Moana. Ke kānāwaiʻino o ke ano (a kenekulia hoʻokumu luna kiʻekiʻe i loko o ke kaiāulu kanaka,) Karas manaoio. manaʻo nō hoʻi ia e kona noonoo me ka pike kaʻao o ka like manawa, ao ka pomaikai, kui aku. A nolaila, i make. Pike, e like me ka mea kākau memo, i ka hua'ōlelo "pono" mea i kama'āina.

Satirical i kūpono i hoʻohana ole wale e denounce i ka rigidity o na elele o kekahi mau pauku o ke kaiāulu. Me ia, ka mea kākau e ho'āʻo ana e hoolilo aku i ka futility moralistic paio kālaimanaʻo, i i haawi i waena o na ka pilina o ka XIX kenekulia.

"Wild haku hale"

E pili pū ana serfdom laa he wahi lihi iki o ka lewa i loko o nā hana o Saltykov-Shchedrin. He mau mea e olelo aku i ka mea heluhelu o keia mooolelo. Eia naʻe, kākau journalistic 'atikala e pili ana i ka pilina o nā konohiki a hiki i na kauwa a me ka lehulehu ākea o ka noʻeau hana i loko o ka' ano moʻokalaleo Ke o realism ma luna o ke kumuhana ua fraught me kaʻawaʻawa loa hopena no ka mea kākau moʻolelo. A nolaila au i ai i Kauai i allegories, maʻalahi puke kātuna moʻolelo. Ma "Wild landowner," mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka typical Lūkini usurper, i ka oko ao erudition a me ka naauao.

He inaina i ka "kanaka" a me kā lākou mau moe o Lime. Ma ka Ia naʻaupō kēia haku hale maopopo i ole ia, e make ia me ko na kauwa. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ka mea, aole makemake ole e hana i kekahi mea, a aole i ike pehea. Kekahi paha manaʻo i ka prototype o ka meʻe Kaao mea he haku hale, a, paha, halawai mai la me ka mea kākau moʻolelo i loko o maoli ke ola. Akā,ʻaʻohe. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole e pili ana i kekahi mau haku. A ma luna o ka nohona, ahu iho me ka a pau.

I ke aʻo kuhelu ', me ka circumlocutions, keia kumuhana Saltykov-Shchedrin hoikeia mai i loko o "Ka Haku Golovlyovo". Ka puke ka huapalapala - ka poeikohoia o ka moku'āina pae ano - i make kekahi e kekahi. Ke kumu no ko lakou make - stupidity, naaupo, palaualelo. Pūʻulu poʻe hoʻokalakupua moʻolelo "Ka Wild landowner," i ka ia hopena. Ma hope o nā mea a pau,ʻo ia ho'āpono hoopakele ia o ko na kauwa, a he mea oluolu ia mua akā, ke ola ole ia ua i makaukau.

"Aeto-haipule"

Nā meʻe o keia Kaao - aeto a me nā manu koraka. Ka mua nô kêia na landowners. Ka lua - na kauwa. Ka mea kākau io hou, eʻae hoailona ia ma i ridicules ka hewa o ka mea mana. Ke kaao, Ua i ike Nightingale, Magpie, ka Owl a me ka Woodpecker. Kēlā me kēia o nā manu - he hoailona ia ma luna o ka 'ano o ke kanaka a me ka nohona papa. Huapalapala i "Orel-Maecenas" oi humanized ma mua, no ka laʻana, na meʻe o ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua kaʻao "Carp-idealist." No laila, Woodpecker, mamua, e hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana, ma ka pau 'ana o ka manu mōʻaukala ua lilo i luahi o ka Moana, akā, e hina ia ma ke kua o na kaola.

"Wise minnow"

Like i loko o nā hana i ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna, ma keia kaao, o ka mea kākau ke hoala mai nīnūnē pili ana i ka manawa. A eia ka mea i ike, mai ka laina mua. Akā, i ka satirical i kūpono Saltykov-Shchedrin - hoʻohana noʻeau kumu no ka pilikia kiʻi mā lehulehu,ʻaʻole wale nō, akā, i paʻa. Ke narration i loko o ka "akamai ia," ka mea kākau i loko o ka typical kaila o ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua-ka helu ana: "Aia ua ...". Ke meʻe o kona mea kākau wehewehe aku ia penei: "i hoomalamalamaiaʻi, lōpū-ka lokomaikai hoi o".

Makau a me ka passivity i loko o kēia moʻolelo ridicules ka haku nui o satire. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i kēia mau hewa a pau, he pono ole i ka lala ka hapanui o ka intelligentsia i loko o nā eighties o ka XIX kenekulia. Minnow aʻole e haʻalele ole o kona puʻuhonua,. He ola i ka lōʻihi o ke ola, ae ho'āʻo ana i ka pilikia e noho ana i ka lua honua. Akā pono ma mua o kona make ana Cuticura i ka nui o lilo kekahi i kona ola lōʻihi a me ka lapuwale.