Tyuring Alan: Kawaihae, kiʻi, hana. Na makana i ka'ē Science

Alan Mathison Turing - ka honua-kaulana nä känaka 'epekema o ke ano akamai, he kuhi nalu, he paionia o ke kamepiula' epekema, he kanaka me ka mea kupaianaha naue like, a ua loaa he nui hopena ma luna o ka ulu ana o ka 'enehana kamepiula.

Alan Turing: he pōkole Kawaihae

Alan Mathison Turing i hānau i loko o London ma June 23, 1912. Kona makua kāne Yulius Tyuring ua he koloniala luna nāna i hali ka kivila hana ma India. Ma ia halawai a me ka mare ana i Alan ka makuahine - Ethel Sara. Na makua, ua paʻa e noho ana i loko o India me nā kamaliʻi (Alan a me Ioane, me kona kaikuaʻana) aoia ma o na home ma Enelani, kahi a lakou i loaa ka ikaika upbringing.

Kona hiki e kiʻi sciences , Alan hōʻike koke i ka Picnic. I mea e loaa i ka apono ia ana o kona makua kāne, ke keiki uncomplicated ma ka hoopaapaa ana ke loaʻa meli o ka nahelehele. No keia hopena, oia Hahai I ka laina ma a na nalo meli i lele, a me ke alakaʻiʻana o ko lākou mahuka. A laila, mentally hiki kēia mau laina, au loaʻa i ko lakou wahi o ka kuʻina, kahi loaʻaʻo ia i ka hena me ka meli.

Poʻokela hiki i ka kiko'ī sciences Alan ikea mai la i kona mau haʻawina ma ka 'ihiʻihi Shernborskoy kula. I ka 1931, e like me ka makemakika ka poʻe puni hoʻonaʻauao keiki hoʻomau i kona mau haʻawina ma King ka College, Kamepelika University. I kona ia hoʻi ma luna o ka pau ana o ke kikowaena kali theorem o ka pahiki, i ua rediscovered, i ka ike e pili ana i ke ola ana o ka like mua hana. Ma ke kula, Alan ua i loko o ka Science College o ka hui, i i hookoia kona ia hoʻi i ka hana waiwai. Ua haawi mai la i ke kanaka'ōpiopio lā i ka manawa pono e kiʻi i ka hoʻonaʻauao, a hahai pakiko-hoʻokō i loko o ka mahinaʻai o kiko'ī sciences.

Turing mīkini

I ka makahiki 1935, i ke nä känaka 'epekema Alan Tyuring ka mea mua, e hana lākou nā mea hiki ma ke kahua o ka makemakika kūpili, a hoʻomaka i ka hana noiʻi, a hōʻike i ka makahiki nui hopena. He hoʻolauna i ka manaʻo o computable hana, i hiki ke hoʻokō i ka ai-kapaia Turing mīkini. Ke kikoo ana o keia mea i pau i ka walaʻauʻana hiʻona o kēia Ke Ana Hoʻohālike (koe ma ka anu u papa o ka hana, hoomanao, hooponopono lako polokalamu) a ua i ka prototype o ka mīkini lolouila, invented umi makahiki hope. I ka 1936, mathematician Alan Turing neʻe i Amerika, a kūʻonoʻono curator ma ke kulanui, ma ka 1938 i hookoia i ka degere o ke kauka o ka kālaiʻike, a hoi aku la i Kamepelika, hoole i ke kaumaha mathematician John av Neumann , e noho a me ka hana i loko o ke kula me ka hoalawehana.

Pelekāne hana "ʻoi loa"

Ma ka ia wā, Pelekane kūkala ka Launch o ka hana "ʻoi loa", ke AIM o ka a ua, e wiretaps Kelemānia pailota, a me ko lakou ano. Ka mea hilo komo o Nyos i loko o ka London Keena o ke kula o nā loina a me nā ciphers aupuni (encryption Luna Nui o ka Beritania manao mokuna), i mea ku pono i ka make māinoino o fascist ho'āhewa wale i urgently ia ia Bletchley Park, aia ma ka waenakonu oʻEnelani.

I kēia mau lā ia i na hale o ka Museum o coders a me ka 'enehana kamepiula. Ia mea i loko o kēia wahi malu intercepted loaa ana wahi loaa manao ma ka kela la i keia manawa; ka helu o kivila mai memo i loko o nā tausani o nā huahelu. No kela a me keia e hoʻopā ai kikokikona paa: Radio alapine (frequency), lā, manawa o ka interception a me ka hoʻolauna. I ka la mahope i loaʻa i nā IDs o ka mea ulana pukapuka, ke kāhea hoailona o ka loaa wahi i ku ai, a me ka mea i hoʻounaʻia, i ka manawa o ka hoʻouna memo.

Winston Churchill - Pelekāne Kuhina Nui Kuhina - ia i kapa Bletch Park kou moa e hoolakolako gula hua. Ka papahana manakia o Alastair Denniston - he veteran o koa akamai. Ke koʻokoʻo cryptanalysts,ʻo ia ke loaa mai i manao nā limahana a me nā hoʻomalu o ke akea holoʻokoʻa: mathematicians, linguists, Mū Kākela, Egyptologists, poe koa e ae ma ka hoʻoponopono crossword puzzles. Ma ia he like me ka loea pūʻulu ua he mathematician Alan Turing.

Turing ku ei ka "Enigma"

Mahele Turing Ua kauoha he mau 'hana: hana me ka hoʻopā'āluaʻia kikokikona, e kāinoa lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe "Enigma" - mīkini, Palapala Sila Nui ma ka Netherlands i ka 1917 a me ka ia mua ke hoʻololi e hoʻopale hui panakō hana. Mau ana hoʻohālike i 'Imi hoʻohana no ka pū i hiki Radio memo Wehrmacht ma ka hana ana i mālama' ia e ka moku a me ka air max. Ciphers "Enigma" a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ke Kaua Honua II i ka mana nui ma ka Honua. Ua Ua manaʻoʻiʻoʻo e crack ia aneane hiki ole i.

E maopopo i ka encoded kikokikona, koi 'ia e kiʻi i ka ia mīkini, e ike i kona palapala napoo ana no hoi, e pani i ka palapala ma ka kekahi alanui i loko o ka palapala panel, a ua holo na mea a pau i loko o ke ku pono ana i ka ao ao. Ma keia kāki e kaʻikaʻiʻia ma ka manaʻo i nā loina o ka encryption ki, a hoʻololi koke i ka lā. Encrypting ka Wehrmacht ho'āʻo e complicate i nā kaʻina hana o ka EYI wale cryptanalysis: Message Length e ole oi aku mamua o 250 huapalapala, a hāʻawi hoʻi iā lākou palapala o 3-5 eiiaiaeu.

Hard hana cryptographers alakai e Turing ua he pomaikai: ka mea i hana i na mea maalea, e hiki decode i ka lepa "Enigma." Ma waho aʻeo ia me ka dukima makemakika ia paena, e like me ka manaʻo kōkua i hoʻohana i ka ia stereotyped nä hopuna me i e ae i launa na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, a me kekahi repetitive kikokikona. Inā uaʻaʻole lawa ka kōkua, ka hoa paio hoonaukiuki ia. No ka laʻana, ma ke kuhikuhi mai la lakou i kaʻu mau i kekahi mahele o ke kai, a laila, hoʻolohe i ka olelo o ka ke Kelemānia a ma luna o kēia manawa.

Ka pomaikai o Alan Turing

E like me ka hopena o painstaking hana i loko o 1940 ka mea i hoʻokumu cryptanalytic Alan Turing Machine "pōkā pahū", a mea he nui Aha Kuhina (kaupaona - kekahi tona, ka mua panel - 2 m 3 mika, epaepa huila 36 pūʻulu ma luna o laila). Ke ano o keia mea e noi mai ana kūikawā nā mākau a me ka mea pololei e kaukaʻi ma ka makahiki paha o nā limahana a me nā lawelawe. Ma Bletchley Park me ka manawa ia i hoʻokūpaʻa mau haneri o kēia mau machines e ae e decipher ma kahi o 2-3 tausani no ka lā oi aku.

Tyuring Alan uaʻoliʻoli a me kā lākou hana a me ka hopena loaʻa. It wale ukiuki o ka kūloko Aupuni, a, e hōʻoki lākou nā moʻohelu kālā. Mea pōmaikaʻi, ma hope o ka moʻo o ka huhu kūhelu memo pāhana i hooponopono o Winston Churchill, e hoʻomāhuahua kona hoʻolako 'ia o. "Enigma" encryption a me nā Kelemānia machines i wawahiia, ua hiki no e ike o ka pahee pele o waiwai akamai i ka Allies.

Ke Kelemānia a oi ma mua o ka makahiki i ka hāʻuleʻana e pili ana i ke ola ana o ka "mau pōkāpahū", a loaʻa i ka liu, ua i weliweli ana, e hoʻonui loa i ka ka manaʻo pohihihi o ke encryption.

Naʻe, Turing ua i ka makaʻu no: ia mea maʻalahi ke Makuakane me ka hou pilikia, a me loko o eono pule ka Pelekania, ua komo i kaʻenemi ike.

Loa pono cipher manawa o ke Kaua II mea,ʻaʻole i loko o kanalua, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, a i ka pau ana o ka huli 'ana no ke kumu o ke kulu o ka waiwai' ike anywhere, pono ole i loko o ka "Enigma". 'Ana o ka "Enigma" kivila radically ka papa o ke Kaua Honua II hoʻololi. Waiwai 'ike e kōkua wale hoomalu iho i ke Beritania Isles, akā, no hoi i ka mea kūpono aʻo i nui-me ka unahiʻole ana ma luna o ka'āinapuniʻole,? Aaoniao ma kaʻaoʻao Kelemānia. Pelekāne cryptographers kona pomaikai ma ua mea nui i na makana no ka lanakila ma luna o Nazism, a me Tyuring Alan 'ana i ka 1946 loaa ka ia nā kumu kāki i loko o ka Papa Hanohano o ke Beritania aupuni a pau.

Eccentricities kamepiula ano akamai

Wā i hoakakaia Turing me he kānaka eccentric ke kanaka,ʻaʻole he onaona, nani ka laau awaawa, a me ka endlessly hana.

• I allergic, Tyuring Alan antihistamines mau pahuhopu i ea paha. Ma ka mea, hele aku la ia i na oihana o ka mea kanu flowering. Paha keia wehewehe i ka makemake ole o ka strangeness e e 'ole ma kaʻaoʻao' ole o ka lāʻau - o, sleepiness.
• Kekahi hiʻona ua noho ma ka makemakika ma ka pili ana i kona Bike, a ma kekahi mauʻanuʻu lele kaula. Tyuring Alan,ʻaʻole makemake i ka hana me kona hono ana, manao huli mai pedals i ka manawa pono, a ae iho ilalo, mai ka paikikala kaula straightening i na mea kaua.
• Iho Mug ma Bletchley Park, he loea nä känaka 'epekema tacked ma i ka pu ki kaapuni, i ka mea i ole aihue.
• E noho nei i loko o Kamepelika, Alan, aole i ka uaki a hiki i ka pololei manawa, oia kii ia mentally, hoʻopunipuni i ka wahi o ka kekahi hoku.
• Once Alan aʻo e pili ana i ka haule ana o ka papa o Beritania paona, maule iho la oia i ka loaʻa malihini, a kanu iho la i ka kūpono kālā bullion hanohano i loko o ka paka, a laila, paʻa poina e peʻe aku ai.
• Turing ua he 'âlapa maikai. E manao ana i ka pono, e ke hoopiiia, oia holo i ka mamao loa, e hooholo no lakou iho i oi ma ka sport. A laila, ma ka mooolelo manawa ua lanakila au 3- a me ka 10-mile paha ka mamao o ka laau, a ma ka makahiki 1947, ke Aliʻi Koko lima i loko o ka marathon.

Eccentricities o Alan Turing, nona nā lawelawe i invaluable no Beritania, mau i kena ae la bewilderment. He nui nā hoapili hoomanao i ka pīhoihoi, a ohohia me a ke kamepiula 'epekema ano akamai i i kekahi kuleana i loko o kona manaʻo. Turing nānā me ka mahalo, e like me ia i ku ai originality o ka manaʻo a me kou mau manao. A loea mathematician, ua pau ka hana 'ana i o ke kumu palapala hōʻoia no, hiki e ke hoʻoponopono, a wehewehe i kekahi loaʻa, a me ka loa hana hana.

Alan Turing: i ka makana i ka kamepiula 'epekema

I ka makahiki 1945, Alan hoole e hana lecturer ma Kamepelika University, a ma ka hoike ana o M. Newman hui i ka National Pūʻulu keʻena hoʻokolohua, a ma ia manawa i hana i kekahi pūʻulu no ka manao a me ka hanaia'na o ka ACE - kamepiula. Loko o 3 makahiki (1945 a hiki i 1948) - i ka wā o ke ola o ka pae - Turing i na sketches mua, a i nui manaʻo kōkua kekahi mau no kona mea i manao ai.

Hoike ma ACE nä känaka 'epekema i ka hooko Komite o ka NFL March 19, 1946. I ka hele pū ana me memo i pili i ka mea i olelo i ka hana a ua nānā 'ana ma luna o EDVAG papahana. Naʻe, i ka papahana i he nui loa o ka waiwai manaʻo i no 'ana i ka' ōlelo Pelekānia mathematician.

Nokia no ka mea kamepiula mua i palapala Alan Tyuring. Me me painstaking hana o keia loea haumāna hiki ole i hiki ia i kaʻilikai i kēia lā. I ka mea ia manawa, a me ka Mū Kākela polokalamu mua i kākau.

Ma September 1948, Alan Turing, kona Kawaihae ua i ka wa e ola ana i pili me ka makemakika,ʻo ia hoolilo i ka hana ma ke Kulanui o Manchester. Nominally, ua hoonohoia oia i hope luna hoʻokele o ke Keʻena kamepiula 'ē aʻe, ma ka mea, o ka ia helu i loko o ka makemakika Oihana o M. Newman, a ua kuleana no ka iaaiey.

Kata pomaikai'ōlelo hoʻomakeʻaka

English mathematician, ka mea i hana mau ia ma hope o ka kaua, hana me ka akamai, i lawe mai ai i ka hou hana: e decipher Soviet kivila. Ma keia wahi, hoʻopaʻi pâʻani i kaʻino'ōlelo hoʻomakeʻaka me Turing. I kekahi lā i kāʻili i kā kona hale. Ka aihue haʻalele i ka leo o ka mālama nui ua loa undesirable i ka makai, akā, me ka ukiuki iho Alan Turing koke hea aku ai i ka paena. Ma ka papa o ka hoʻokolokolo 'ia i loaʻa mai i ka mea nāna iʻaihue i kekahi hoa o Alan ka launa kino mamua. Ma hoike Turing i, e ae aku i ko lakou homosexual, i loko o kēlā mau makahiki i ke karaima, hewa i loko o 'Enelani.

Leo hoʻokolokolo o ka maikaʻi-ike naʻauao, e hoʻomau i ka lōʻihi manawa. He Ua kono i kekahi mau-makahiki halepaahao maʻiʻo, a hōmona Inc, e pakele ka moe makemake.

Alan Turing (Hawaii photo ma luna o hope makahiki) koho i ka hope. E like me ka hopena o ka lapaau ana o na ai 'loa ikaika, a mau ae la ia no ka makahiki, ma ka Turing? Ac? Impotence, a me ka gynecomastia (umauma hoʻonui). Ua wehe Criminally hoomaau Alan mai ka malu hana. Eia hou, i ka Pelekania makau i homosexuals hiki ke pūʻali koa i mea e Soviet kiu. Nä känaka 'epekema hoopiiia o ke kiu i mea ole, aka, papa mai la, mai kūkā ana i kana hana ma Bletchley Park.

Apple Alan Turing

Moʻolelo o Alan Turing ka mooolelo kaumaha no ka kāna mau 'ōlelo: ka makemakika ano akamai hoʻokuʻu mai ka hana a me ka papaia e ao mai. Kona kaulana i paʻaʻino wale. Ma 41 Ua kiola moku i ke kanaka hou o ka maʻamau pāpana o ke ola, waiho me kana mea i aloha ai hana, a me ka ohe psyche, a hōkaiʻia ola. I ka makahiki 1954, i loaʻa Alan Turing, kona Kawaihae a me ka manawa pūliki pono i ka naau o na mea he nui kanaka, make i loko o kona hale, a ma luna o ka nightstand e pili ana i ka moe kau he nahu kii onohi. E like me ka mea huli mai ma hope, ka mea i piha me ka cyanide. No ka Alan Turing recreated i ka loa mai kou punahele poʻe hoʻokalakupua kaao, "Snow White" i ka 1937. E like me kekahi hoike, keia mea ke kumu o ka hua i lilo i ka höʻailona o ka honua kaulana "Apple" kamepiula poe. Eia hou kekahi, Apple mea no ka hōʻailona o ka hewa, Mea Paipala ike.

Ka oihana mana o ka make ana o ka loea mathematician - he pepehi anaʻia iā iho. Alan ka makuahine i manaoio aku i kaʻapu kōheoheoʻana i ka ulia, no ka mea, Alan mau inadvertently hana me Nine Inch. Aia ka he mana i Turing ka noonoo e koho i kēiaʻaoʻao o ke pakele mai ke ola, e ae makuwahine mai i manaoio i ka he pepehi anaʻia iā iho.

Hoʻopulapula o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia mathematician

Ke mathematician nui i rehabilitated posthumously. I ka 2009, Pelekānia Kuhina Nui Kuhina Gordon Brown i akea mihi kēia no ka hoomaau ana i ae ia e ke kamepiula 'epekema ano akamai. I ka 2013, Turing Ua kauoha aku kala no ka 'āhewa' ana o ka obscenity Elizabeth II - Queen o Beritania Nui.

Alan Turing ka hana e waiho ole wale i loko o ka ulu ana o ka 'ike loea hou' ike: i ka pau ana o ke ola o kekahi nä känaka 'epekema hoolilo ia ia iho i ka ninau o ke kālaimeaola, oia hoi - hoomaka ae la oia e hoʻomōhala Nine Inch pähola' o ka morphogenesis, i haawi piha hula no ka hui malu pu ana o ka mea hiki i ka pololei a me ka ia i ka manawaleʻa mathematician, poe akeakamai, piha ka palapala manaʻo. Ka mua sketches o ke kumumanaʻo i hoakakaia ma ka ka mua hoike i ka makahiki 1952 a ua ikea mai i ka hoike o nä känaka 'epekema ka make ma hope.

Ka loa 'ihiʻihi ia nā kumu kāki i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ke kamepiula' epekema o ka "Turing Achievement". Her ia nā kumu kāki ua i keia makahiki Hui no Me Kaho. Loulou keia ia nā kumu kāki, i ka huina o ka a ianoiyuaa a ku nei ma ka 250, 000, ka Google hui, a Intel. I ka mua o ia he nui nā kumu kāki i ka 1966 i hookoia ka Alan Perlis no e pili ana compilers.