US Internet activist Aaron Swartz: Kawaihae, e piʻi like me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo. The Life a me ka Make Aarona Shvartsa

Maikaʻi loa kanaka i na wa a pau, i pinepine i maopopo ma kona wā, a me literally wawahi ae la i ka Hoʻohaku mana. Mōʻaukala hoʻomanaʻo he wahi lihi iki o ia ano he kumu hoʻohālike, kekahi o i o ka US Internet activist Aaron Swartz. He kaua no ka mea noa ka hookipaia e hōʻike, makemake e hana i kekahi koena unuhi i loko o ka 'epekema hoohalike. Eia naʻe, hoʻopaʻi iā ia i nui loa aku ia manawa, a nui loa nā pilikia ma ke ala ...

Kawaihae

Aarona Shvartsa moʻolelo hoʻomaka November 8, 1986 ma Chicago. He Ua hanau, a ua hoala hou i loko o ka ohana o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ke kamepiula hui - Roberta Shvartsa. Kaawale mai ona aku, i loko o ka 'ohana, he mau keiki: kona poe hoahanau Ben a me Noa. Akā,ʻoʻAʻarona, mai kekahi kakahiaka nui elemakule hōʻike i hoʻomāhuahua mau ana i hoihoi i loko o na mea a pau hou. No ka makahikiʻekolu ka mea, aʻo i ka heluhelu, a me ka hope E ke Kumu i ke kamepiula a me ka iaaiey. E like me kona ohana, e aʻo i kekahi kumuhana, ke keiki ua lawa pono, e heluhelu i kekahi mau puke, a me ka makaukau hoi e ao aku ma luna o lākou ihoʻimi naʻauao kumu o kekahi poe ia ia. Mākou hiki ole ke olelo i ka mea opiopio mee ua arrogant, akā, i kona 'imi naʻauao hiki i ka pa a ke ku, a i aku la ia ia kānalua na kumu.

ho okumu

O ka holo ana, a hiki i 7 makahiki o Aarona Swartz au i ua, ua hala loa he mau ukana o ka ike (ma ka nui, ma ka kamepiula epekema), no laila ka mea, ua paʻakikī no ia ia e noho i waena o na¯ i loko o ka papa kula hoʻonaʻauao. No kekahi mau makahikiʻo ia i hele ai i ke kula a wahi uku i loko o ka moku'āina o Illinois, i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Winnetka. Naʻe, ka mea, i ole hoopii i ke kaʻina hoʻonaʻauao. He manaoio aku i ka haʻawina hoʻihoʻi mea meaningless a me ka hoomaunauna wale nō manawa, distract mai hou aku i mea nui iā ia. I kona makahiki 14, Shvarts Aaron kauoha aku puka 'o ia mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe, a ua komo' o loko o ke ao nei o ka Internet a me ka cyberculture.

He lākou i heluʻia ma Stanford University, akā, i ka makahiki ma hope haʻalele iā ia. Ma wale i kekahi mau mahina o kona noho ana ma laila,ʻo ia i kekahi wahi lihi iki o ka loli ma ka modernization o lolouila nenoai, e hoʻomaka ana me ka hale waihona puke cataloguer a pau me ka ÿole mechanical ka hookipaia ana o nā haumāna i loko o ka lumi.

Kekahi o na kumu o Aarona haʻalele i ke kulanui, ua ka "kikohoʻe māhele." He ua he theorist nui a me ka practitioner o ka pakiko-ka hoʻonaʻauao, a no ia mea, noonoo kaulikeʻole kapu o ke komo i ka 'epekema ike i koe i loko o ke ao nei. I ka mea, pushes opiopio kanaka e komo i nā kulanui, ma ka mea e loaʻa i ke kuleana e hoopii ai i kekahi hana kūikawā uila palapala. Aaron Swartz i ike ai i keia? Aneiai mau noʻonoʻo, nolaila, holo mai e hoʻololi i ka'ōnaehana.

'oihana hana

Ma ka haʻalele 'Stanford, 16-makahiki-kahiko programmer e hoʻolimalima aku i keʻena, a hoomaka ae la e hoʻomohala i kona iho pāhana - i ka puka' ike, i kapaʻia Infogami. Kaʻoihana kālā i hoʻolako 'ia e Summer Mamua Program, i i kaumaha aku ma ka aa aku poʻo naue ole Y Combinator.

Hope, a me ke kālā kākoʻo mai o ka ia waiwai kūʻai puu dala Aaron Swartz i hana mai i kekahi pola no Infogami, a lilo iho la ia i ke kumu no ka web.ru ioauoa a me Open Library. Kēia papahana A ua pīhoihoi, nele kona manaʻo Schwartz i ka Hope, hoapili ia. No laila, i ka 2005 ka mea i manao e hui pu iho Infogami me ka nohona kūkala nūhou paena LIKE. I ia manawa, huli i nā'ōpio Internet ano akamai 19 makahiki. Ua Ua formally aponoia e ka hana kime o ka 'oihana programmers. Akā, i ole i ka oihana, e hana no Schwartz uhane. He palapala iho e pili ana i keia ma ka au mamuli i loko o kona kino moʻomanaʻo pūnaewele. "Ke oho paia, oho papa a me nā poʻo uwalaʻau" literally kipaku ia Kamehameha. A laila,ʻo ia nō ma luna o ka wiwoʻanuʻu.

LIKE ke kākoʻo '-mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā Aaron Swartz pointedly i ole hele i ka hana, a hoouna aku la i kona mau nā hoapili he Hawaii photo o ka T-Shirt me ka palapala "kī» (ki). A ma hope iho ia, oia i hoolilo aku i pahu i loko o ka hana hoʻopuka puke hale Condé Nast, a me na waiwai ua hoʻopuka kālā i loko o ka ulu ana o kekahi hana - Watchdog. Ke hou papahana Ua lilo i ka waihona o kaʻikepili ma US kūkulu 'ia, i i ohi ia mai loaʻa kumu. I kēia lā, nae, o ka paena ua ole functioning.

activism

I ka makahiki 2010, Aaron Swartz hoʻokumu koi holo pono kīvila pae. I ka papa kuhikuhiE manao ana o ka mea, i ke kaua aku i Internet censorship, a me kaʻaihue o ka Internet ku okoa ana. Ke hui ma ke akea kapa kanaka ma luna o ka pūnaewele puni honua e ho ololi i Ahaolelo, a mau luna, hoakoakoa ae la na palapala, e nana ana no ka leverage ma luna o ka mana a me ke kaʻana like 'ike e pili ana i ke aupuni nā mea hoʻololi. Mai ia manawa i ka pili aupuni activism o ka programmer.

Ka lanakila ma luna o SOPA

Ka piko o keia ha awina Schwartz i ke kai eʻe i ka SOPA (Stop Online Piracy Act). I ka Ahaolelo, ua he nīnau ma ka hookamaia o ke kānāwai hou ma cybersquatting. O ka holo ana, kona kulana me ka nui loa pūʻulu Internet mea hoʻohana 'ku okoa ana. Ma keia lono i ka lehulehu i reacted loa ia. A me nā mahalo i ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o Schwartz a me kona mau hoa i loko o ka hui. I ana i na alanui, na tausani o ka poʻe me ke koi, e haawi aku i ka mea hou bila. Mau papa helu o ka Ahaolelo Lahui i hooholo ia "no ka", i koke haawi, a a laila hoʻokani i ka hopena maikaʻi kūlana i loko o ka 'oihana nā loea kālai'āina. Ka hihia i pau ai me ka lanakila o Schwartz.

'aha hoʻokolokolo

Oia ha awina i i makemake i ka US aupuni, no laila, ke FBI i hoʻokumu hoʻomakākiu o ka programmer. A i ka 2011 ka mea, e hoʻokele e hoohihia ai ia ia ma ka hoʻoiliʻana AEIU ma ke Kulanui o Hawaii waihona pukapuka me kekahi hana o ka 'epekema paʻi puke JSTOR. I ka mea, o kana hana i ole he koʻikoʻi hewa. E loaa komo i ka 'atikala, ka mea hoʻohana i koi' ia e uku i ka 'iaE. Aaron Swartz hele aku la e oki kihi a compromised mau kikowaena. He aha ia manao, e hana me ka lehulehu ākea, ua i ikeia. Loa paha, ia mau mea i loko o ke kula hamama. Akā, mahope mai o ka mea i waihoia i ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo, ua pau na pono hana, e hoʻi ai i ka palapala kumu. ʻOiai JSTOR aohe kuleana i ka programmer, oia no i kauoha, a hopu. Soon, aka, ia i hookuu ia ma bail o 100 tausani. Dala.

Akā, i kēia hana 'i ole ana Schwartz, a koke ae la oia i ka hana ma luna o ka hou hana Make Loa na kulu. Ua ua i hoomaluia 'ikepili Kanal no nā kānaka moʻolelo i makemake, e ku e kau i hāpai', akā, e Anonymous.

Ma September 2012, Aaron Schwartz aʻo i ka hihia e ku e ia ia i ua paa. A, i ka mua i helu 'ia ma' aʻe 'hou i kekahi mau hou' ikamu (no ka laʻana, Mail epa, a me ka kelepona a me ka poho hoomaluia kamepiula). Ano, oia maka 35 makahiki i loko o ka hale paʻahao, a me ka uku o ka hoʻokahi miliona dala.

make

I ka hapalua like-January 2013 ka mea, ua i e paa aloaliʻi ma ka Schwartz hihia. Na makua, na makamaka a me kona loio, ua paulele aku ia mea, ke loaa ia, a e hahai i hoopai, e like me ke kahua ia iho, kena ae la ka ikaika lehulehu pane. A he nui influential kanaka i hele mai i ka hoomalu ana o Internet activist. Naʻe, i ka manaʻo o ka hiki kapu o ke ku okoa ana uhi pū Schwartz.

January 11, 2013ʻo ia i loaʻa make i loko o kona keʻena Brooklyn. He pepehi anaʻia iā iho o ke kamepiula ano akamai (Aaron Swartz i kaulia ma luna o ke kāʻei o ka'ahina) i hele mai me ka kŰia i ke ao nei a pau. A koe i loko o kona kino moʻomanaʻo pūnaewele,ʻo ia pinepine ae la oia hoopa ma keia, o ka makemake e hoʻololi i ke ao nei, a me ka make wai no ku okoa ana o ka 'ike ua loihi hoi lakou ia me ka ikaika. Naʻe, ka mea i ai i kona mau ola Aaron Swartz. Ke kumu o ka make i walawala ai a pau i ike ano akamai. Hea ka oiaio hoopii i ka US ke aupuni i loko o konaʻAʻole eʻole ke hana. Puʻe ma luna o lākou kuleana, apparently, ua oi aku ka ikaika.

manao wā

A makahiki ma hope, he Documentary kapaia "Ua lawe Internet-keiki ma hope o ka pōʻino. Mōʻaukala o Aarona Shvartsa. " Ua māka hoahanau programmer, ka mea i olelo hoike aku au e pili ana i Internet ano akamai, a me na kumu no kona make ana. E like me ka mea e like me ka manao, Shvarts o Aarona i ka luahi o ka US pili aupuni'ōnaehana, a hoʻohana ka mea, me he precedent e hoʻike i kona mana. I ka mea, aohe mea i puka, oia i ole e hana. Ka hoʻoiliʻana palapala mai JSTOR,ʻaʻole i ka programmer e i ka hewa i ka kekahi, a i loaa i ka mea pono. Akā, i ka US aupuni, kēia hihia manao e pāʻani ai i loko o ka lima, ma ka mea e consolidate kona dominance i loko o ka Internet makahiki.

E like me ka mea huli mai Schwartz i ka make ma hope, o ka loa e hiki ia ia ke loaa i kona mau hana, ia mea 6 mahina i loko o ka kalaima panalaau ia. Akā, no ka nui loa manaʻoʻike puʻe, ka FBI hoʻomakākiu a me ka palena o ke ku okoa ana no ka opiopio programmer ua nui.

Ola i ka betrayal o ka Hawaii Institute o noho kia'āina (mit), a hoao iho la e e indifferent i ka Schwartz hihia. Paha ka mea, ua lalo puʻe mai o nā luna no hoi.

Ke ho film "Children o ka Internet. Mōʻaukala o Aarona Shvartsa "(kekahi inoa) i loiloi ma ka ahaaina ma Canada, a ma ka USA (Austin, TX) a loaa i ka maikaʻi loiloi 'o ka hoolohe.

e piʻi like

I ka makahiki o ka 13, o Aarona lanakila 'ka Competition o opiopio programmers ArsDigita lua no ka hanaia'na o ka ole-e pono hoʻonaʻauao palapala pūnaewele. E like me ka waiwai pio,ʻo ia loaa ka pono, e hele i ka Hawaii Institute o Technology (ka mit), kahi ia i halawai ai me koʻikoʻi Internet alakaʻi, ma ka maikai, a me Tim Berners-Lee (hoʻokumu o ka World ākea Web) a me Lawrence Lessing (Kumu, Harvard University). Hope oia hana pū 'ana me ia, e lawe ana kekahi i loko o ke ana o nā polokalamu a me ideological manaÿo.

Personal ola

Ma ka pilikino ola o Schwartz ua ike i ka uuku. E like me ka oihana mana, ka mea, ua ka mua hoʻoponopono Hobby kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa Quinn Norton (Wrided Pai). Ka mea, loaa iho la ia ia ia nō mare. Ma waena o ia koke i hoʻokumu i ka uhane pilina. Kona mare ana i ka hemahema, i keia manawa pokole ma hope o ka halawai ana Aaron Quinn neʻe ana me ia, a me kana kaikamahine. Ke kumu no ka hookaawale meaʻikeʻole, akā, i ka bipi a me ka programmer kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa hiki i ka hopena, e malama mehana aloha.

Ka lua o ka mea pilina Aaron Schwartz? Ac? Taren Staynbrikner-Kauffman, hooko luna hoʻokele o ka huina o Us Internet kalepa. Ka mea, loaa iho la i kekahi mau mahina ma mua o ka pōʻino.

hana hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo

• I ka 13 makahiki, Aaron Swartz ua he lâlâ 'o ka hana kime no e pili ana RSS nūhou hānai. nā hoapili aʻoʻia ka wā o kona maoli elemakule, ua pōniuniu wale iho la lakou, a ua koke hooponopono i kekahi halawai me ka opiopio ano akamai.
• Pilina me ke kaikamahine Taren Shvarts iʻano nui iho la ia, a seriously, no laila, no kekahi mau mahina ma mua o ka hookolokolo ana a me ka pōʻino, ua manao ia ia. He moe no ka mare uku a me ka ulia e pale aku hoʻokali kūpono 'sentimentality a me ka leo. Naʻe, ke kaikamahine hoole, Kuhikuhi 'ia i ka mai ana mai hookolokolo ana.
• Aarona ua loa uku a me ka huna nae ke kanaka. Kekahi colleague Uikler kono aku la ia ia i kaʻohana awakea. Akā, Schwartz i i ko na kaua, i mai la oia, i loohia mai ulcerative colitis, a no ia mea, hanohano malaila i ka kūikawā kuhikuhi kahua paʻa. E like me ka hopena, i ka bipi keiki Internet ano akamai i kaʻai i kaʻai wale nō.
• I ka Internet activist Aaron Swartz i ka namesake - ka Mea Keaka, e pono ike no ka TV papahana "ʻia Girl" a me ka "kahiko".
• Mau pule ma hope o ka make ana o Schwartz activists punaewele ana "Anonymous" hacked ponoi hana o ka US Komisina ma ka mākaʻi o pohihihi, i hooponopono o ka ona, a ma luna o ka 'aoʻao i ka hale kau i ka memo i US luna aupuni "i kela kapa o ka laina" a me ka hoʻoweliweli' ana i ka lehulehu ākea o ka hoʻolaha 'ike . Ua i kekahi ano o ka hoopai no ka punaewele ano akamai a me ka activist.
• Ma hope o ka lono kaumaha ulia i loko o ka House kekahi mau lala o ka Ahaolelo i manaoia hoololi i ke kānāwai hoopiiia.

PS

I keia la, i ke ola a me ka make Aarona Shvartsa - he Kuhina Nui mamuli o ke kinai ku okoa ana mai ka huina online no ka mālamaʻana a me ka espionage ma ka aoao o ke aupuni. Mai noho 'ana kamaliʻi, hele aku la ia ma kona aoao iho o ke? Acaeoey, ninau aku i ka rula nohona a me ka pili aupuni a me nā kānāwai, a no laila paha kū hoʻokahi manaʻo, a ho'āʻo e lawe mai iā lākou i loko o ka lanakila. Akā, ua i koke maopopo Schwartz ma kona wā, a me ka mana kālai'āina ka hoʻohana 'ana iā ia e like me ka hana ana o ka uaua kaua ana i ka hackers a me ka hoopunipuni. ʻOiai kona moʻolelo me JSTOR ole, kena ae la i kekahi mea poino. Aaron Swartz makemake e hoʻololi i ke ao nei, a me ia mea he mea hiki. Kona activism Ua lawe mai i kaʻiʻo i loko o naeaeaa lehulehu ike paka i.