Valeriya Novodvorskaya: ke kumu o ka make. Mai mea a i kona wa i make Valeriya Ilinichna Novodvorskaya?

He paʻakikī e hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i, i me ka nui loa loli i ka make ana o Valerii Novodvorskoy, i i kūkala ma Iulai 12 i ke koena o ka pili aupuni koa i loko o ka Russian Hui. Novodvorskaja make i loko o ke Moscow kulanakauhale haukapila helu 13, hoopuniia e kauka. Mālama i ia hiki ole, ua pū kekahi,ʻaʻohe li nui, a me ka makahiki a me ka I Aloha Hawaii ole conducive e wahi iho la ke ola, i loko o nā ana, e hiki ole i ua pilikia loa. Nūnē nui e pili ana i ka malicious ana o ka noho pilikia pili aupuni hoa paio i ole i kekahi. No kēia wale nō, aohe kumu e. Ke kumu o ka make i kūkala Valerii Novodvorskoy koke. Ua ua he wawae abscess.

Akahai a me ka wiwoʻole

Ae, ka mea, ua i koi ia e ka hōkū alakaʻi, ka mea pono, he māʻona ninoaaeyao i kekahi kulana i hoʻohiki i ke ku okoa ana, e hai aku i ko lakou mau manao i ka wa e kaawale aku ana i kekahi aie. Eia naʻe, no ka pono e hana ai ka mea, ua pono e loaʻa, lanakila a me koʻu hoomanawanui ana'ku. Friends, a mawaena o lakou Khakamada, Borovoy, Nemtsov, Ryzhkov a me nā 'elele o ka pili waiwai Yeltsin au, kapa ia pilialoha me ka uhane he keiki ka, bessrebrenitsey, infinitely ke kino a me ka loa wiwi ke kanaka,ʻaʻole hoʻopoina kūikawā hai ikaika verging ma recklessness. Other emi aloha kanaka, reminiscing e pili ana i kona mau antics, piha ka outrageous, pinepine grotesque a me ka ridiculous, aole ia he maikai. Loa controversial kanaka ua Novodvorskaja. Kumu o ka make, Kawaihae, ka manaʻo politika hana e e pokole i ho'ākāka 'ia ma lalo nei. Kekahi koho, e like me nā kūʻiʻo. A he mau nā mea mahuʻi.

USSR i loko o ka hopena he 60 ka

Moscow i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o na sixties. Ma hope o ka hapa-kenekulia mōʻaukala o ka Soviet Union. I ke poʻo, ka hoahanau loa o ka waiwai i darkens e poipu malihini, kūʻai i na mea a pau, a me kekahi manawa recognizable, no kekahi mea e kū ana i ka lōʻihi laina wale koke aku ma ka ee. Hana Party nō i ka 'ulaʻula weliweli a me ka koko ke kaua, a me Stalin ka nuipa repression, a me ka voluntarism Nikita Sergeyevich. Ke aupuni i ka pilina paʻa, ka mea, ua maheleia i loko o "waeʻano o ka lako", a ma kela a me keia o kēia kanaka e hoʻohana i ka degere o ka uku panai o pono ai, a ua kau ma luna kiʻekiʻe. People e noho malie, a me ka notorious "hilinai i loko o ka wā e hiki mai" - ole e'ōlelo, akā, he ike maopopo. No ka nele, akā, he mea he definite i waeʻia ma waena o ka mea uuku loa uku lunaʻenehana a me ke kumu, a me ka luna dute holo 'awelika hana hale i haalele ai loa o kona mākaukau lawehana. Kela la i keia polokalamu "Time" ai ia mau moʻolelo i ka napoo, a e holumua ai neʻeʻana i ka malamalama wā e hiki mai. He nui nā manaʻo o nā skeptics, a malama mālie. A waena konu o nā mea a pau i kēia idyll koke hōʻike i hauʻoli. He aha e mea, makemake? Owai ka mea,? E like me ka mea, i hele mai i na mea i ola? He aha e mea hemahema?

dissidents

Vladimir Bukovsky, ka Soviet dissident i loihi loa ka manawa i hana kūikawā Ho 'Oponopono. ʻAʻole,ʻo ia ia i ke alahouana, sarcoma a me kekahi'ē aʻe mea maʻi. Kauka ho'āʻo e e ia "maʻamau" (i ka mea, a pau māʻona), no laila, ma lalo i ka muli o lapaʻau ma psychiatric Ho 'Oponopono. Ua Ua manaoio ia ina he kanaka, aole ia i makemake socialism, i kekahi mea i loko o kona poo mea,ʻaʻole i pololei. I fairness Bukovsky iho hoʻokomo i waena o nā dissidents ua io he wahi lihi iki o Kamehameha. Ma, no ka ikaika a me ka unshakeable i ku e mai e ku e ia ia i ka maʻamau kanaka, e like me ka rula o ka huli ana o na seventies mana o ka Communist Party ua, i ole kekahi. A me ke aha? Unbearable ke ola o ka inoa o ka Soviet kanaka ka ua ole, 'ē aʻe pomaikai i ka hapanui o ka makaainana o ka USSR i ike ole, a ina i ka' ike e pili ana i ka "capitalist paradaiso" a seeped ma lalo o ka "hao pale", oia pinepine hana ole pakahi aku la ia 'āina noho kahu, e manaoio ana ma ka hou ana i ka nuiʻano likeʻole o ka sausage, eia no hoi kekahi o nā koina. Ma keia aoao, ka mea, e like mōʻaukala i hōʻike, ka mea, ua pono.

Akā, dissidents nō lakou. Ka mea, aa ai mamua aku.

"Westerners" i loko o ka USSR

Ua hoʻi i hāliu mai Russian kanaka i categorical. Eia kahi mea akaka i ka hoʻomaopopo pono o ka loa nui o kekahi kŰia, a aneane piha i hoʻoloheʻole ai i ka palapala Hawaii. Inā ma ko makou aina i mea ole pela, e like me mākou makemake, alaila, lulumi mai kaʻoi loa ke ku pono. Ma na kumu o kāpili, a hoʻokahi-kapakahi kaʻike e pili ana i na ola o kanaka ma ka Western aina i ulu ma ka liʻiliʻi nā hanauna o Soviet kanaka, ka poe i hoomaopopoia ia ina mākou nema aku ana capitalism, ka mea, 'o ia hoʻi i ka mea, o ka mea hemolele kaiapili nenoaiu. Uaʻeleu a me ka manao na kanaka, a me ka maikai uku, a me ka nui o ka waiwai, a me ke ku okoa ana o na kanaka. A me ke poo o ka malamalama locomotive ikaika i loko o ka maka o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. Ke alo aku o kekahi'ē aʻe he manao la noʻu ma ka kekahi hapa o Soviet ke kaiāulu kanaka, hana no i ka aoao nomenclature, ke alu like 'ana me ka KGB paha e naʻaupō kēia. I hauʻoli i ke ola i loko o 'Amelika ua noʻonoʻo maikaʻi ka Soviet Union mea a pau, a me nā mea a pau i ka Soviet ino. I mea, keia kŰia i Ua he aniani kiʻi o ka Soviet agitprop, like ke ku pono. Kona mōhai i loa pinepine kanaka me ka lolelua ka mentality. All 'ē aʻe Ua imi e somehow ke hakuloli, e ike ana i kekahi inconsistencies kūhelu pili aupuni laina, akā, tolerating ia me ka pono me ka hewa.

ohana laau

Valeriya Novodvorskaya make ma ka makahiki o kanaono-eha makahiki. Ua Ua hānauʻia i loko o pozdnestalinskuyu au, i ka makahiki 1950, ma ke kulanakauhale o Baranovichi (Belarus). Ka 'ohana ua pono he oaeouee? Ole, ka mea hiki ke kapa maikaʻi loa. He mau makua - ka Communists. Pāpā hana e like me ka lunaʻenehana. Ma hope o elua a ekolu makahiki, i kēia kekahi mea mea kūikawā makemake ole i ike, akā, i ka makahiki 1950 i ka wa o ka makua kāne ola ua iho i ka pomaikai i i i ike nui he nui Soviet keiki. Five makahiki aku nei ia i pau ai i ka kaua koko i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke ao nei. Mum Valerie i ke kauka.

Hoʻokahuli aupuni nā'ōewe i wale hoʻopiha i na halepaahao o ke kino o Valeria. Nui-kupuna ua Smolensk sotsdekom kupuna - ka mua hoʻoholo lio Army Budenny. Mākou e noho ana i loko o ka 'ohana a me nā koʻikoʻi nō na kii - kiaaina ia Andrew Kurbsky, a hiki i ka Naita o Malta, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i iho la ia pela Novodvorskaja.

Family hui Ua kipa mau kūpuna, i ka wa i hanau mai ai. Mōʻaukala mea hāmau e pili ana i na kumu, akā, e huli mai i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o kaikamahine hoʻoili kuhikuhi kupunawahine. Na makua e huhūʻoukou iā i Ua loa i'ō.

aʻo

Ulu i kekahi kanaka i loko o ka'āina, kahi predominated huina collectivism, ka mea, ua nui loa paʻakikī. Oia hoi, kamailio pu ana e pili ana i ke kanaka o ke poʻokela, kokoke e kela kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa ua oi loa hoʻoneʻeʻia ka mea e "ia ua e like a pau e ae". Ia, aole ia e mau hoʻopili like i ka oiaio, akā, ke hōʻike ua lilo ia i kekahi, he pono ole ka palapala, ai cliche. A pau i ka leitmotif o ke ola, a hiki i ke kumu o ka make Valerii Novodvorskoy olelo ana ia mea "e like a pau'ē aʻe" i makemake ole ia e ke keiki. ʻO kona makemake mea e lilo i manao makahiki, a ma ka makahiki o ka elima, kupunawahine ao mai la ia ia e heluhelu. Mekala kâlâ keʻokeʻo ma ka hou ana i ke kula palapala puka Hōʻike mea o ko lākou mau hooikaika ana no ka apono ana o ke kanaka ma ka piʻi like ana i ua loaʻa. Kona ÿike i loko o ka 'ōlelo Palani a me ke Kelemānia, i ka hiki e heluhelu i kekahi mau' ē 'ōlelo' - like me ka hopena o ka hana. I na puka o ke kumu o ka'ōlelo'ē ke h ÷ ike i ka ike.

hoʻoili i ka kaua

Ke huli nei ma kiʻi o Valerii Novodvorskoy, i loko o ka nineties, a me ka hoʻomaka o ke kolu o Ka Wā Kaukani, ia mea paakiki i ka manao wale ana ia i ka nani kaikamahine o kaʻumikumamāiwa makahiki kahiko, akā, heʻoiaʻiʻo. Mea e like ai nā kiʻi mea liʻiliʻi, akā, me ka mea i mālama, hiki e hookolokoloia mai ai au i ka maka aniani ku pono ana i pono i ka nani haumāna, he akamai, a koa kanaka. Personal kaʻume, apparently, i ka mea i nui i alakaʻi ai i ka mea Valerie ua hiki ia,ʻo ui kanaka ia i hana mai i ka lola honua kaiapili, a hana i ka mea - ole hou a me ka ole i emi - he makaukau uprising e hoohiolo iho i ka Communist aupuni. Inā keia hiki i ka emi o nā makahiki aku nei, make i hele mai i Novodvorskaia koke, ma hope o ka manawa pōkole e hookolokolo. I ka makahiki 1969, Soviet mana ua oi humane.

First lapuwale

Heʻumikumamāiwa nani kaikamahine me ke kanaka ole mai kope puke o kona mau poem. "Pehea lokomaikai!" - mākou e olelo mai i keia la. A laila, i ka makahiki 1969, ka wā haku mele, he mau kii no i mamao keia la ka Pop a me ka pōhaku hoku, i ka mea nui, e hoike i ka mea, ua ole kahaha ko oukou naau. Ināʻaʻole no ka mea elua. Mua, ka poem ua Anati-Soviet, a kuni aoao, hoomaewaewa aku la lakou no ka mea, o kona inaina, hilahila, denunciations a me nā kahuʻike manaʻo. Ka lua, o ka haawi aku i wahi i loko o ka Kremlin Palace o Congresses, a ma luna o ka Lā o ke Kumukanawai o ka USSR. Ma lalo o kēia mau pilikia Novodvorskaya i hopu pono i hiki ole. A laila kekahi kamaʻilio ana ia mea,ʻaʻole he ikaika. Ma hope o ka mea, hai aku la i ka hoa KGB colonel Duntsu, ka luna akamai o ka Serbian Institute, i ka mea nae hana i ka Gestapo, i kaʻike, Ua noʻonoʻo pono HōʻoiaʻAna I ka.

Lapaʻau ma Kazan

Mau makahiki, ua malamaia lakou nei, i ka hoʻomanawanui i ka Kazan psychiatric haukapila mai paranoia a me ka schizophrenia (palaualelo). Nā luna i kela manawa, e pale aku kona hoʻokuʻu mai o ka halepaahao, no ka laʻana, e ike i ka maʻi maʻi. A ka mea, ua hiki ia wale lawe mai ia i ka exhaustion. A i 'ole ia no laila, i ka la o ka make i ole Novodvorskaia ma hope, no ka laʻana, 1972. Kēia mana inā e lawe i ka loa brutal ano o ka dissident o ka Communist? Eia. Nā kūʻiʻo, nae, ua paakiki na mea.

E like me ka hoʻopaʻi makemake i makemake i Novodvorskaja ua make i loko o ka noʻonoʻo haukapila. Ua ola. No ka 'ike ma luna o ana e puʻe i ka iapaau ana loli ia, ua hiki wale koho. Ua Uaʻike wale i ke kaua uhane i ole lakou lehulehu ana.

Ma hope o ka kala, mai ka psychiatric haukapila (1972), a laila, hou i i iwakalua-nā Valery Ilinichna i ka 'ino ai pāʻoihana. Ua haawi mai i paiia pakiko-paʻi mau mea, a me ka poʻe hana ma ka sanatorium na keiki kumu. Kekahi hana mana, carelessness "o ka KGB koa" ka mea i hana i ka hala koke kumu kiʻina hana mentally maʻi. Eia naʻe, Novodvorskaja hana ma laila no ka lōʻihi, wale nō mau makahiki.

ka intertemporal

Na kekahi umikumamalima makahiki VI Novodvorskaja kaua aku communism, ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā kiʻina hana a ka Bolshevik lola honua. Ua puka 'o ia mai ka Moscow kumu kiʻina aʻo Institute. Krupskaya (1977), loaa ae nei i ka 'oihana like me ka unuhi i loko o ka elua Lapaʻau. A mai haʻalele ho'āʻo e hoohiolo iho i ka inaina mai Soviet mana ma kipi. Ua Ua pinepine ae la oia, ua kali ana, hopu, a kamaʻilio. e hookolokolo ai Ekolu i i ka hopena ma ka halepaahao paa, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma kona hōʻike, a rallies ua hooauheeia lakou. Paha na hoopai ana i oi loa repression na protesters a me Novodvorskaja hoʻokuʻu na Nā uku hoʻopaʻia me ka 'inikua kaʻina hana. I Gorbachev ka thaw ua hiki kokoke na mea a pau, i pololei hoinoia ka pelekikena a me ka Soviet Union ia? Aiina. Ma hope iho o ke kahua o Ukrainian autocephalous ekalesia i i i ka pahu hopu o ka mahae me ka Lūkini Orthodox Church, Novodvorskaja bapetizoia iho la lakou, a lilo ae la hoahānau o ka Ukrainian Orthodox Church Kiev Patriarchate. Ua hana ia, apparently i keakea e kue i ka Lūkini Orthodox Church.

Poe ilihune me reprisal?

I ka nele o ka noonoo ana ma na Aupuni ino oppositionist. He mea i like nui pili aupuni pane lākiō, e like me ka mea ana i kona pilikia iho no o ka rula ana waiwai. Ma ka kekahi lima, e lawe mai i ke ola i kekahi discomfort, akā, ma ka 'ē aʻe - haawi i ke ano o ka hoʻoponopono-ke kumukuai. Ke kaua i ke aloha. Kumu o ka make Valerii Novodvorskoy i ke kulekele ole i loko o ka liʻiliʻi electorate, a me kaʻaʻahuʻoluʻolu heluia, o na Aupuni. Ma nā makahiki, ua pinepine hoopiiia ma ka Radio ku "küpinaʻi o Moscow" a me Media ma ka nele o ka naauao o ka palahalaha nā paʻi hua o ka aahu ideals o ke aupuni a ka lehulehu. Ma kona manao, o ka Lūkini kanaka ka mea, e oʻo lawa i ka ike i ka maoli ku okoa. Manawa ia i moe i loko o Rusia ka mea, ua "ma ke Komohana." Novodvorskaja make iho la, a i ole e ola mai a hiki i ka hooko ana i kona mau hulu makua makemake.

Russophobia a me ka 'ē aʻe he kūoʻo mea

Sovietism i nā hoʻomohala i Russophobia. Ma nā mea a pau i kāna hana i kupu mai ma luna o ka lāʻau kū-Soviet manawa, Novodvorskaja i defeatist kulana, hou i ka hoao ana, ua inaina i ka Bolsheviks iloko o ka First World War.

Lohe nuiʻia a me nā puke kātuna wahi, i hiki. Female politician manawa, ku iho la me ka placard ma i ua palapala: "oe nō nā mea a pau naaupo, a i ole ia, kekahi I Ka Nani akamai i loko o ka keʻokeʻo lole komoʻuʻuku e kū nani", laila, kau ma luna o ke, t-Shirt me ka slogan "Mai Mai e ka Lūkini." Ma ke ala, i ka iapaau ana pono i poe naaupo, a me nā mea maʻi. He oiaio e ua ike Valeriya Novodvorskaya.

Kumu o ka make - loneliness

Soviet dissidents hiki ole hoi hoohewa aku e pili ana i ka nele o ka noonoo ana i kona kuleana o ka moku'āina ola. Ka mea, e hooponoponoia ia mea, ma ka noʻonoʻo haukapila, a hiki i ka wā e e ole makemake.

He make ma muli o ke kūpono lapaʻau ma ka irony o ka hopena Novodvorskaja. No, ia mea,ʻaʻole he noʻonoʻo maʻi. A me na kaukaʻaneʻi hana me ia, ia ia no ka kōkua i ole pili a hiki i ka hope loa. A laila, no ke aha la Novodvorskaja make, mea 'ē aʻe prosaic. Valeria Ilinichna ma kahi o eono mahina ma mua o kona make ana, iki i kona wawae. Ua Ua ho'āʻo e hoola iho, i ole e hele i ke kauka, ua li nui, a ua ulu i loko o sepsis, iʻikeʻia me (mamua, ma mua o ka au o ka mōʻaukala materialism) ke koko kaʻapu kōheoheo. Kēia nele o ka noonoo ana i ka iho a pau Novodvorskaja. Ke kumu o ka make i absurd i loko o ke kēia metropolis. Ma Moscow, he nui na 'inikua kulanui, a makemake e hiki ke hoʻolako akamai kōkua. A i loko o ka alodio Apana haukapila surgeon makemake i hana i ka eha a me nā mea a pau ma ka noonoo ana, ina wale no ka huli Novodvorskaja. Ke kumu o ka make o, naʻe,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka cellulitis, akā, i loko o ka poʻe noʻonoʻo kanaka loneliness. Aia uaʻaʻohe kanaka i makemake i Hoopaa loa ma luna o ka hele ana a hiki i ke kauka makemake e puʻe wale akula kēlā i kekahi mau mea eccentric wahine e pana aku au i kekahi mau hola ma luna iho, a hiki i ka detriment o kekahi hālāwai hoʻeuʻeu ma ke pale ana i ka "hoonaukiukiia" Rusia Ukraine.

'Ē aʻe manao ia lakou iho "holomua entrepreneur" a me ka "pono-ike," Mai Konstantin Borovoy. About Novodvorskaia ka make, a me ka lā hope o nā hanana o kona ola ana, nana no i olelo reporters, mai poina i ke koho 'ana i kona loira i kohoia i kaʻai, aʻo ia ke ole e ku. Ma kona mana, ia ka hewa o kona mau make, no ka mea e like me ka noho ana o Odessa, ua wela i loko o ka hale o uniona kālepa, i mea leʻaleʻa hoa kamailio ana ma ka lewa a pau koke ma hope o ka pōʻino.

Paha i ke kumu no ka make ana o Valerii Novodvorskoy mea,ʻaʻole ma ka 'ole no ko lakou ola, ka mea, o ia iho, ma keia hihia - i ka hoʻokolokolo' ana. Loa paha, ke dissident e kaumaha ana e kō o ke pohō wale a me ka irrelevance. A me kekahi manawa, me he ala ua antics ole ia ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ai lokomaikaʻi, manaʻo, akā, i ke kipaku ia e kona prospective adopters.

World o kona lehu.