Yuri Khmelnitsky: pōkole Kawaihae, kālai'āina, iloko o ka noho alii ana

Kekahi o ka loa controversial kii ma Ukrainian mōʻaukala o Yuri Khmelnitsky. Ke Keiki a ka mea kākau moʻolelo nui Bogdan loaa ka manao i diverges nui, ke kaumaha ma muli o ko lākou ideological hoʻomoana. Akā, a pau o ia 'aelike i ke keiki a kona nā mea hiki emi loa i kona makua kāne. Kawaihae Yuriya Hmelnitskogo e ia i ke kumuhana o ko mākou noonoo.

kamaliʻi

Yuri Khmelnitsky Ua hānauʻia puni 1641 ma ka aina kokoke Chigirina Saturdays i loko o ka ohana o ka poe liilii, Ukrainian aliÿi Bogdan (Zinovy) Khmelnitsky a me Anna Semyonovna Somko, ke kaikuwahine o ka wā e hiki mai e hana hetman Yakov Somko. 3 keiki a me 4 kaikamahine: he mea'ē aʻe iā ia, ehiku hou aku na keiki i kaʻohana a pau.

About na makahiki kakahiaka nui o ke ola Yuriʻaneʻane i kekahi mea ua ike, ke ole ia ka mea, noho iho la ia me kona makua kāne a me kona makuwahine i ka home mahiʻai.

Family ola Khmelnytsky a me ka pau ana o ka mokuaina i loli dramatically mai 1647, ka wā Saturdays i ka hao e poipu pilikino enemi ua aliʻi lā Bogdan Daniel Czapliński. He hōkaiʻia i ka waiwai, i ka wa a ke poo o ka 'ohana aku, mai ka home, a me ka hahau hapalua i make kekahi o kāna mau keiki kāne.

liberation kaua

Aole nae i loaa ke kuleana hookolokolo e kaula kāohi alii, Bohdan Khmelnytsky i ka hoʻomaka o ka 1648 i loko o Ukraine hunaahi i kaulana uprising ku e Polish rula. I ka papa kuhikuhiE holo ikaika ana o ka uprising ua ka Zaporozhye Cossacks, a hetman i loko o ka hookahi makahiki Bogdan Zinovy i koho ia.

I ka loiloi mua successes o ka uprising he kilakila, e like me ka Cossack koa i kuikahi me ka Crimean Tatars e hoʻokele i ka mana loa o ka mohaiai-lā Ukraine. Mau nō politician Bogdan Khmelnitsky i ole ai Ka Uluwehi O Ke, a me ka hopena-moena pāʻani a me ka moʻo o betrayals Ua haʻakoiʻia i loko o 1651, e kakau i ka disadvantageous Belotserkovskii honua i ke ano o ka lilo ana o ka nui loa o nā panalāʻau e noho.

Bohdan Khmelnytsky ʻike ihola ia me ka ikaika Ally ia mea,ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ke kaua. Ma Pereiaslav Rada ma January 1654 i ka hoʻoholo 'ana i' aelike 'ia ma ka hookamaia o Lūkini kupa alii. Ma hope iho o ia, Rusia ua ma ke kaua ana me Poland.

Yuri Khmelnitsky, e like me kona mau kaikuaʻana Timosha, aie ana i ke kakahiaka nui wā kamaliʻi, he pololei loa i loko o ka oihana koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe o kona makua kāne i oleʻae. Ma hope o Timosha Ua pepehi ia ma 1653 ma he kai eʻe ma Moldova, Yuri ua ke wale ke keiki a Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, e like me kona poʻe hoahānau i make mamua. He Ua hoouna mai ai i kona makua kāne, e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma Kiev collegium.

Ma hope o ka hoʻopau i kona mau haʻawina ma ka makahiki o ka umikumamaono a me ke kōkua o kona makua kāne, Yuri Khmelnitsky Hetman i haiia'ku ai. Oia hoi, Bogdan ka mea, hoomakaukau iho la e loaa mai ai iaʻu ka mana ma hope o kona make ana, a hiki i ka 1657, mai ka hahau ana.

make o kona makua kāne ma hope

Heʻumikumamāono kona mau makahiki kahiko Yuri ma hope o ka ulia make ana o kona makuakane, ua i makaukau e lawe ma luna o ka hooponopono ana o ka moku'āina. Oiai hapa o ka Cossacks i haʻi mai iā ia hetman, akā, Chigirinskaya Rada Makai koho i ke poo o kekahi mau kakauolelo (ka mea like o ka Europa luna'aha'ōlelo) Ivana Vygovskogo. Yury Bogdanovich Ua haʻakoi e hāʻawipio i ka mana i loko o ka lokomaikai o ka oi inā pilikia ka haumāna moho.

Ivan Vygovskyy , mai ke kakahiaka nui lā alakai kuokoa o Lūkini moku'āina kulekele. He manaoio aku i ka Lūkini tsar aʻe i ka loiloi mua 'aelike ai ma ka hui ana. Vygovskyy hele aku la i ka rapprochement me Poland, i culminated ma ka hopena o ka aelike Hadiach 1658. Ua hoakaka no ka hoʻi o Ukraine (Kiure duchy Russian) ma ka aoao o Poland, ma ka like hua'ōlelo me Lithuania a me Poland.

Kēia 'aelike alakai i ka mahae ma na kahua o ka Cossack. Ua kue e rapprochement me Poland A nui ka helu o nā lunakahiko, a me ka poe noonoo ole Cossacks a kupaʻa i ka Russian Tsar. Ke mahae alakai i ka kanakolu-makahiki kivila kaua i loko o Ukraine, he manawa i i ua kapa nā wahi e pili ana. Iloko o ke kaua ma waena o ka poe koa Lūkini, a i loaa i ke kākoʻo mai o ke kupaʻa i ke alii o ka Cossacks, a me nā poʻe hao wale Vygovskogo, ua hee o, a i haʻakoiʻia i loko o 1659, e holo ana i Poland i ka la mahope.

lua o ka hetman

Ma hope oʻauheʻe Vygovskogo, Cossack ilamuku hoʻoholo e koho i ka hou Hetman. Kekahi o ka K'lauea kākoʻo o ka hewa Vygovskogo i ka makua ma luna o kona makuwahine o Yuri - Colonel Yakov Somko, ka mea iā ia iho meto ma wahi o ka Cossacks poo. Akā, i ka papa kuhikuhiE contender i ke keiki a Velikogo Bogdana -ʻumikumamāwalu Yuri. makua kāne kaulana i kona pu kāleka. A i loko o ka Rada ma 1659 ma ka White Church ma ka lāʻau kū o ka hetman Yuri Khmelnitsky i aponoia. Iloko o ka noho alii ana o Hetman (1659 -. 1685) coincided me ka wā o ke koko wahi e pili ana. It E e kaulana ia ma ka mea e hōʻoia i kona koho, Yuri hoouna mai i ka Rada i loko o ka White Church he No ka paulele aku kanaka o kona makua kāne - Ivana Bryuhovetskogo, i ka wā e hiki mai e ia ma luna o ka hetman o hema-Bank Ukraine.

I ka mea hou Rada aponoia i ka olelo hooholo ma ka hoopii a hiki i ka Russian Tsar ma ke anoe o ka pono o ka Cossacks. Ma kekahi, ninau i ua hoalaia mai e pili ana i ka mana e hooikaika ana i ka Hetman a me ke kū kaʻawale o ka Ukrainian Church. Akā, me ka palapala hoopii i haalele ai i ka aliʻi kia'āina Troubetzkoy. Ua koikoi pū maila i ka hou-pīhoihoi ma ka Cossacks i mea e pono ai e hiki aku i kaupalena 'ia i loko o e like me ka manawa Bogdana Hmelnitskogo.

Wāwahi ke Ukraine

I ka 1660 Lūkini lehulehu ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o ke aliʻi Sheremetyev loa e ku e na koa o ka mokuaina. I ke kiaaina ka mea, ua i hui Yuri Khmelnitsky me kona Cossacks, akā, ano pihoihoi, no ka makau. He ua ke aumoe, a ua hoʻopuniʻia Polish poʻe hao wale, ua mua ia manawa, e hoʻopaʻa aku iā Sheremetyevo.

Ma lalo o ka puʻuwai Ua haʻakoi Yuri hânai holoholona, e kakau i ka hou aelike me ka mokuaina. Ma kekahi wahi o ka la hoomalolo, i kapaiaʻi ka inoa Slobodyshche hoonoho. Kēia 'aelike Ua pio ka polokalamu ma na mea he nui i ka mahalo like ia Gadyachsky, akā, i emi ku okoa ana o ka Ukrainian heluna kanaka, ma ka maikai, i ole i mea kū kaʻawale. Yuri Khmelnitsky Ua haʻakoi e noi aku kanaka o ke Polish alii.

Kēia mea ua ole i ka makemake o ka hapa nui o na lunakahiko, a me ka Cossacks. Ka mea, hoole lakou i ka hoolohe ana, a Yuri koho hana hetman Colonel Somko, a kākoʻo i ka Lūkini aupuni. Ma lalo o ka mana o Yuriya Hmelnitskogo ua wale akau-pali, Ukraine. Penei, ma o ka haneri o kona mau makahiki Little Rusia ua maoli Wāwahi i loko o nā māhele: ka akau kae o alternately ike Polish a me Ottoman alii, a me ka hema kae - i ka mana o ka Lūkini tsar.

hou setbacks

Ke ho'āʻo nei e • loaʻa hou hooponopono maluna o ka holoʻokoʻa ?? eoi? O ka Ukraine, a e hilinai ana ma ka kākoʻo o ka mokuaina, hoomaka ae la Yuri Khmelnitsky e hele ma ka hema Bank. Mua, ka mea hapa 'ia' halawai mai me ka pomaikai, akā, ma hope o ka Somko kilo i hele mai i loko o ka palapala o ka Lūkini lehulehu ma lalo o ka noho luna ana o Boyar Romodanovsky, i ka akau-pali hetman waiho wale aku no i ka palaoa pio ma Kanev kauwela 1662.

Hooki i ka Lūkini poʻe hao wale Khmelnitsky ke hoʻopau wale kuikahi me ka Crimean Khan. No laila, i loko o ka lanakila ua i kona mau kānaka apau i mākaukau. Me he Alihikaua hōʻike kona piha hoʻokō 'ole' Yuri Khmelnitsky, kona maalea i hele pu ole, i ka nani o kona makua kāne hiki ole hou hōʻoia i ka credibility o ka akau-kapa hetman. No laila, ma ka pau ana o 1662, ua haʻakoiʻia ia e hoʻokuʻu i ka mana i loko o ka lokomaikai o Colonel Pavla Teteri, a lilo iho la oia i ka möneka ma lalo o ka inoa o kona kaikaina, o Gideona.

limbo

Akā, i kēia mishap keiki Bogdana Hmelnitskogo i ka hopena ole. Paul Teteria hoomaka ae la e manao ia o ka makemake, e hou lawe i ka wahi o ka Hetman, a no ia mea, hoopaaia jure ma 1664 ma Lviv hūlili. Wale nō ma hope o ka make ana o Hetman Khmelnytsky i ka 1667, oia i hookuu ia i loko o ka hihiu, a hoomaka ae la e noho i loko o Uman hoailona.

Lālau aʻela ia i loko o ka Cossack ahaolelo kuleana i ka 1668, Yuri Khmelnitsky initially kākoʻo i nā kākoʻo-Turkish kohoʻia o ka hou akau-kapa hetman Peter Doroshenko, ka mea i Ottoman kupa, akā, laila, neʻe i kaʻaoʻao o kona hoa paio Mihaila Hanenko.

Ma kekahi o na kaua a me ka Tatars Yuriʻo ia i pio, a hoouna aku la i Kou. Naʻe, ka mea Turkish hoopaa no ka mea mua Hetman ua kŘpa a hōʻoluʻolu.

hou hetman

Ma hope o Peter Doroshenko hoole Hetmanate, a hui i ka Lūkini kupa, ia ihola ke kumu i Kauai i kupaʻa ke Yuriyu Hmelnitskomu. Suletana ike aku la ia me he eiiet moho no ke kia o Hetman. Aia hoʻi, mai ke kuanaʻike o ka o Tureke, ka mea, ua maikaʻi loa hoʻomākaukau no kēia kūlana keiki Bogdan. Yuriya Hmelnitskogo ano ae i ka olelo i keia, e pau loa ia nawaliwali e hana i loko o ka laina, i koi 'ia ka o Tureke e, no ka mea, mai ona aku hiki apuepue ana i kekahi aupuni kūʻokoʻa' ana.

No laila, i ka 1876, Yuri i hou kohoia Hetman, i kēia manawa ma ka Turkish Suletana. He komo i loko o ke kai eʻe e kū'ē i ka o Tureke Chigirin, a laila, i kona noho kulanakauhale o Nemiroff.

hooko

ʻaʻole i hiki iā maoli kahu ai i ka aina Ukrainian, hoomaka ae la Yuri Khmelnitsky e hoʻonohonoho i ka hooko ana o kona mau makaainana. Kēia mau hanana i kākauʻia i loko o ka ino kukui kiʻi Yuriya Hmelnitskogo. Pōkole kau noho aliʻi o Hetman i pau ai i ka 1681, ka wā i Kauai, hoouna aku la ia ia i kekahi o na mokupuni o ke Aegean.

Aia He He kumumanaʻo e like me ka mea i kohoia e na Kauai hou Yuri Khmelnitsky Hetman - i ka 1683. Akā, hoomau no hoi oia i excesses, e like me ma mua. Ua huhu ka Turkish Pasha, ka mea i lawe mai George ma Kamenetz-Podolsk, ma kana hana ana i ka 1685.

General ano

Aka, eiiieaena a me ka lono kaumaha ola noho Yuri Khmelnitsky. Pōkole Kawaihae o keia kanaka i noʻonoʻoʻia e mākou. Au pono aku nei au i ka hapanui moʻolelo pili no hoi ia ia i ka nāwaliwali-Ke makemake nei anei, pöʻino ke kanaka, no ka manawa lōʻihi imi e limbo. Mākou ke i aku nei au ia Yuri Khmelnitsky i ke ala o ka haole kālai'āina pono. Kēia hiki i pili i kona psyche, i kūpono i ka pau ana o ke ola i loko o ka unfounded hoopai kamaaina.

I ka Ia manawa, ua pono e olelo aku nei ia mākou nō ike kŘpa iki e pili ana i nā manaʻo, akä, o ka hana ana o keia kanaka. A hiki a me ka mahalo i kona make ana, he mea hoa pāonioni ma waena o moʻolelo.