Zhostovo pena. Oihana mua Zhostovo pena. Zhostovo hola Nani Loa pena

Hoopilihua ai oia ia ia ma ke ano a me keʻano o ka'ōniʻoniʻo, splashing ma luna o ka ili o kaʻeleʻele a me nā pōpō ahi Zhostovo pena 'ano apau loa he ao alohilohi i Floral lauana, hoʻonaniʻia me ka maikaʻi lāliʻi. Paheona pua rose a me ka ula Lanai, daisies poe noonoo ole, a pēnēia cornflowers, peonies a me pompous radiant aster hui me ka ike ole akā,ʻaʻohe emi nani pua. Manu a me Letra Kolohe Kai, heʻano o nā hua, a hua nana e like noho ana ma ia alodio, maʻamau o mea e like ahi. Pehea nui e ole e imi,ʻaʻoleʻoe e loaʻa kekahi o ka mea hookahi mahele - kēlā kekahi mea kū hoʻokahi! Hea i ke hele mai i ka nō, e like me ka hana ia mea kupanaha, kahi e hiki ke lawe haʻawina Zhostovo pena? About keia a e pili ana i nā hiʻona o ka pena ma ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, ano o Artists mai Moscow Zhostovo, i kēia 'atikala e hai aku.

I ka moolelo o ka hanana o ke lacquer pena

Ka mea mua, e like me ka mōʻaukala a me ka hulikoehana ikepili, ua E ke Kumu i ke akamai o ka lacquer pena Pake. Kekahi mau tausani o nā makahiki aku nei i ka Shang Yin, Chinese e noho ana hoʻonaniʻia lacquer pena hale oihana a pau a me ka maʻamau o mea, na mea kaua a me nāʻano hana ipu.

Ma hope o China lacquer pena nō lanakila'āina o Indochina, Peresia a me Inia, lapana a me Korea. I kela a me keia o na wahi o ka lacquer pena 'ana i kūpono ulu kū kaʻawale, ma muli o ka mooolelo o kanaka akamai, akā, i ka i lawekahikiʻia i ka ike ana o Artists mai nā'āina.

Like lacquer pena i hele mai ai i Rusia?

Europa poe kalepa ma ka XVI-XVII kenekulia, kuai i na aina o ka Hikina Hema Asia, lawe kupanaha examples o ka pena lacquerware i kā lākou'āina. Hooeueuia lakou e ka nani a me ka originality o keʻano ma ka palapala a me ka manao ana o'Ākia 'ikamu, hoʻonaniʻia me ka lacquered kiʻi, haku o nā'āinaʻEulopa he nui e hoʻomaka ana i ka hana a decorate i kekahiʻano o nā mea a pau i loko o ka "Chinese" kaila.

Mea e ulu ai ke kanaka-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, lacquer hoʻonaniʻia me ka pena, ma Europa aina e like me Holland, England, Kelemania, a France, iloko wale i loko o ka XVIII kenekulia.

Ural industrialist Nikita Akinfievich Demidov hele nui ma Europe, kahi āna i lilo hoihoi i loko o ka manaʻo o ka lacquer pena. I ka 1778, ma ka Urals, Nizhny Tagil, hoomaka ae la Urals e uē helu lawaia pua pena ma ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia.

Hanana Zhostovo Varnish pena ma Metal

I loko o ka Urals, a hoʻonaniʻia me ka lacquer pena metala'ānoninoni a me nā pā ahi, ka huewai a me ka bakeke, a me nā maʻamau o nä mea i kūʻai liloʻia aku,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o kūloko a me Krestovskaya Irbit EIA, akā, no hoi ma ka National Makarevskoy maikaʻi i loko o Nizhny Novgorod.

Paha ka mea, uaʻaneʻi ike huahana Ural haku hooeueuia lakou poe hoahanau Vishnjakova ma lacquer pena metala ahi. Vishnjakova ohana hana mai ka makahiki 1825? Ac?ʻano nui me he lacquer pena o kekahi mau huahana i ka papier-mache -'ūpā koli poho, uahi paka hoopii, albums, kō bola a me ka pahu.

Mai 1830, ka hapanui o ka pōʻeleʻele loa aia i loko o nā kauhale o Trinity County, e like me ka Trinity, Khlebnikov a me Zhostovo oki i ka paka ikamu i ka papier-mache, a ua hō'ā i ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo, a pena metala ahi.

Ke koke i ke kapikala o ka lawaia ae e hana ole intermediaries, a i ka napoo market, e like me affordable e kuai i ka mea pono.

Mōʻaukala o ka oihana ulu

E hoʻomaka ana me ka 30-ies o ka XIX kenekulia, e hana, a decorate lacquered ahi o ka metala kila ma aneane pau loa ka puni kauhale. I keia manawa Zhostovo pena ua hoano e i ka piko o kona hiʻona. Ma nā makahiki ma hope o ke kipi i ke koi no huahana Zhostovo haku haule ikaika, e alakai ana i ka unification o disparate Artists ma ka liʻiliʻi 'oihana Free.

I ka 1928, a pau ka uuku Free o ka Uhane Trinity, Novosiltsev Zhostovo a me 'ē aʻe a puni mau kulanahale A akoakoa mai la ma ka hana kūikawā Free "Metallopodnos" me ka hooponopono ana iwaena konu ma Zhostovo.

Ka loa paʻakikī manawa no Zhostovo pena, like no ka loa nā handicrafts, kila 40-50s o ka hope kenekulia. Ka mea, ua i keia manawa ua me ka nui loa ua hoʻemi hoʻokuʻu o ahi, akā, i kekahi mau manawa, a mahuahua nui o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ole-kāna mau 'ōlelo lawaiʻa keiki o nā huahana. Zhostovo pena no ka keiki - ua uuku na laau a me ka metala i ke pń halihali, nā pākeke a me nā'ō'ōahi, hoʻonaniʻia me kanaka hehee wale.

kēia moʻolelo

Khrushchev ka "thaw" i ka maikaʻiʻana ma loko o ka nohoʻana o ka lawaia. I ka makahiki 1960, i ka Free "Metallopodnos" Ua ana aʻei a loaʻa kona keia inoa - Zhostovo hola o Nani Loa pena. Hoomaopopo mai i ke aupuni, me kaʻeleu laulima o nā haku, a haumana komo i loko o kekahi mau na wahi lulu, a na nā hōʻike i ae i ka lawaia, e kiʻi mai ka lōʻihi-makahiki hoʻoponopono ulia.

I kēia manawa i ka hola ua 'Imi hana, na hana o ka poe hana kilo i kona mau Artists Ua wehi i ka expositions o na Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha a puni ka honua, e like me ka pono me ka hale o ke koʻikoʻi na kii o ka moʻomeheu,' epekema a me ka kālai'āina.

Hiʻona o ka ho okumu

E like me ua oleloia, Zhostovo pena hoʻomohala ma lalo o ka aoao o ka Ural pua pena ma ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia. Akā, Zhostovo haku mua hoʻokō 'a me ka meaʻai likeʻole' ikamu i ka papier-mache, ua hiki ke hoolilo a pau lākouʻanoʻenehana discoveries ma ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia ahi. No ko laua mau kapa, ka mea hoʻohana i ko lakou mau mele, e like me kūikawā copal varnish.

No emi hopena ma luna o koʻa a me ka hooulu ana i kahi kokoke i ka piko o lukutinskih lacquer'āhihi. No ka hou stylistic ho okumu Zhostovo pena i alakaʻi ai Rostov enamel a Floral motifs Ivanovo pulupulu wahi, a me ka porcelain pena, ua hana ma ka suburban nā hale hana.

Mai mea a pehea e hana i ka ahi?

Hoikehonua, Zhostov ahi i i loko o nā aoao: ma ka hahiʻana a me ka forging.

No ka mea,ʻike mau pahu metala ma kūikawā ÿano lua kaomi waina e laina i no ahi maʻamau kinona a me ka nui like 'ole. Next, i loko o ka uila kaomi ma ke kumu o kūikawā ka hopena he a me ka hui, hehi iho lawe seaming penei - interlining. A lei pń halihali i ka lilo i ka opili, paa ia ape.

Artists Zhostovo pena hiki hana ole wale me ka mea maʻamau i nā pā ahi, pepa. Lākou waeʻia, he 26 maʻamau ano mai a e koho i ka manao loa kūpono. A laila, ina ia mea kū hoʻokahi, ua laweʻia ka mea farrier (hana), hana forged pń halihali. No keia hopena, kekahi mau metala a lahilahi me ka lima'ūpā kua māhele, a ma hope, ma lalo o ka aoao o ka hāmare ua hukiʻia, a ua kuʻi. I ka seaming palena waiho i loko o ke pń halihali kūikawā kaula, i hoakaka kona ikaika, a laila, align iho hāmare lihi.

E like me ke ahi i hoomakaukau ai no ka pena?

Once na ahi i lilo shape a ulana, e primed ka mea, na aoao elua putty oia hoi o ka chalk, nāu kekahi i loko o ka maloʻoʻana aila. Once primed pń halihali maloo i loko o ka umu kūikawā, haku gruntovschik anaiia i ka ili me ka sandpaper, a laila, Ua pili kekahi, ahu iho o putty. Mua pń halihali uhi mauʻeleʻele primer, ahu iho oia hoi o ka kaolin lepo, kerosene, Hōlani ka pouli a me ka aila. Kēlā me kēia ahu iho la ua maloʻo a akahele anaiia. I keia la, i ka hana kuʻuna ala o ka primer ua i pili, ua hoʻohana 'ia kahi hoʻopilikia maoli mai ka sprinkler hola mea eleele lepo. Ma hope o maloʻo ana primed shpaklyuyut pń halihali, a maloʻo. A laila, putty pń halihali hana lima anaiia me ka pōhaku pumice.

Wale laila, ua pili ma luna o ka pń halihaliʻeleʻele HW ma luna o ke kumu o ka hua pisetakia, a ma hope o holoi ia kekahi manawa i ka 2-3 papa lole komoʻuʻuku nonaʻeleʻele aila varnish. I ka maloo a me ka ihi pń halihali nō ma ka artist ma ka pena.

Pehea hana i nā pōpō wahi like ma luna o ahi?

Zhostovo hola Nani Loa pena, ma ka hou i ka hana kuʻuna ahi me kaʻeleʻele kāʻei kua, hana huahana, i mea ulaula, uliuli, omaomao a me ka uliuli Ka 'Ike Hou. E hana ia mau mea ma luna o ka pń halihali ili honua he lahilahi ahu iho la ka lacquer o ka malamalama. A ka mea, ua hoʻomaloʻo mai, pipi ae ia me ke keleawe a me ka Aluminum ka pauka. Once metallized kāʻei kua Ua maloo, a pena hoʻi ia i keʻano oe makemake lessirovochnomu pena, ma laila ka hoʻolako ', pili a me ka piha-kino, akā, i ka mea ia manawa he shimmering, e like me ka translucent mau kaʻao.

Pena ma kekahi ano kāʻei kua pono o ka loli o ke ano like me nā hiʻona a me nā 'ana i kūpono. Penei, wale iki i koho glare a aka he uuku e holo ana.

Art pena Zhostovo pń halihali

Zhostovo paahana hana kūikawā squirrel pena brushes a me ka aila pena nāu kekahi me ka hua pisetakia, a linseed aila. Kēlā me kēia artist ua ka poʻe e hana ana ma kekahi mau huahana. E loaa i ka wahi gula hoʻohana keʻokeʻo HW me ka varnish (gulfarba), pipi i ka lepo o ka Aluminum, a me ka ai-kapaia maule iho gula - nāu kekahi ma ka hua pisetakia a me ka aniani moakaka lacquer gula ka pauka.

Zhostovo pena ua hana i loko o nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao: zamalevka a me ka poise. I ka anu u zamalevki akea palaki artist ua kokoke mai ka papa kuhikuhiEʻano haku mele 'ana ma luna o ka hana ili honua o ke pń halihali. No kona manaʻo hoʻohana dilute (razbelennye) pena. Alaila, mahele zamalevkoy noi ua maloʻo no ka 12 hola i loko o ka ka maloʻoʻana Aha Kuhina.

Mahope, i ka haku Ka hoʻomaka 'ana, a ua kokoke mai kona hanau ana o'ālohilohi mau mea, auhau ia lakou i nā pōpō aka a me ka glare prescribes i ka haawi ana i ka leo o ka haku mele' ana. Stamens o nā pua, a waiho streaks silhouetted lahilahi laina. Major nā kumumea Zhostovo pena, e like me nui pua, pili me ka uuku anei i, ka mauu, a me ka māhele o ka haku mele 'ana. Ka hope hana kāhiko ma luna o ka papa.

Pau hana ekolu anaiia me ka varnish, a maloʻo ma ka imu, a laila, hana lima otpolirovyvayut ili i ke aniani hoʻopau.

XIX. Pena motifs

Loa pinepine Zhostovo Artists hana alodio pua hooponopono i loko o ka palapala o ka bouquets, a rhythmically alternating nui māla a me ka uuku wildflowers. Nō kāu, i ke kanaka hewa mele hoolilo kekahi mau nui pua, e like me ka pua rose, aster, peony, tulip dahlia a hoʻopuniʻia e wehe ai i ka poe liilii, a me nā pua a me nā'ōpuʻu interconnected lahilahi anei, twigs a me na lau. Ma waho aʻeo ia nui mala pua, e lawe mai i ka mea mua i kekahi Artists ka haku mele uku lila, nā līlia, bindweed paha pansies.

Bouquets e like mahinaai a me na pua mohala hiki ke inā me ke kiʻi o ka hua, hua, manu, a me nā Letra Kolohe Kai. I kekahi manawa pena mea eh ÷ ike ahi wale no lifes o ka hua a me na pai o ka hua e like me rowan.

Ma waho aʻeo ka hoʻoponopono pua, a ua hana i ka moʻolelo Zhostovo pena, he Hawaii photo a oe ke ike ma lalo nei. E like me ka rula, e depicts, e hoohuli mai i ke ola o ke ano o kanaka,ʻikena, Landskap, e like me lio Trio. Ma a me ka nui, Zhostovo pena (nā kiʻi i hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o ka 'atikala) - ia anei mea he oe.

Expressive 'o ia hoʻi Zhostovo haʻapili Arts

Initially, i lawe i ka haku mele 'ana no nā ahi mai pena, akā, i ko lakou hoomaopopo ana o kēlā me kēia artist i kona iho. I kēia lā haku hoʻomaopopo manawa panina mele, akā, i imi, e huli hou poʻe.

It E e kaulana i loko o kēlā me kēia hana Zhostovo pena mele i kākauʻia i loko o ka pelane, a ua pili i ka hana i ka pń halihali, ka mea e akakaʻi hoolilo conditional ka hohonu a me ka leo e holo pololei mea. An nui 'ano o ka' aoʻao o Zhostovo oe mea rhythmic a me ke kala koena o ke kiʻi.

Hiki au aʻo?

Aʻo mea Zhostovo pena, pehea e unuhi i loko o kēiaʻano hana, he mea hiki ma ka Zhostovo. Ma ka hola, i ka huina hoonui i mea kaulana a pau ma luna o ka honua, ma laila e alakaʻi Kauai o ka iau ahi a me ka haku papa ma ka unuhi i ka lacquer. Kokoke nā kūlanakauhale a pau i ka hele 'oihana mohai huakaʻi i ka hola, ma kahi au e ike pehea e e Zhostovo pena. Ke Kumu papa ma luna o ka mea, ua i hoakaka ia ma ka polokalamu. Hele ia Zhostovo hiki ke hoʻonohonoho kū kaʻawale, mālama '-hui' ana me ka iau, a ohui hola o ka hana.