All-Russian kuai. Ho okumu ana o ka nationwide kuai

Ma ka 17th kenekulia ka loa lucrative a me ka 'ihiʻihi kaiaulu ua haole kalepa. Mahalo iā ia, i ka Middle Hikina hoolako i ka loa hiki ole no ia waiwai: Jewelry,ʻala a pau loa, me na mea ala, silika, a laila, ma luna o. Ka makemake i ka i ka mea a pau, a ma noho haumāna kahi o ka paa a me ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i hou ia ana o kona iho? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Kēia i ka mea mua impetus i ke kūpono 'ana o ka wahi lulu kalepa maʻEulopa.

hoike

Ma ka Middle Ages ua he gradual mahuahua i loko o ka buke o na oihana. Ma ka pau ana o ka 15th ke kenekulia, me ka hopena o ka helu o Leeuwerikplein discoveries, ua i kekahi 'Jump. Ke Europa kuai Ua lilo global, a me ka medieval au hele smoothly i loko o ke au o primitive hoʻomāhuahua o ke kulanakauhale alii. Iloko o ka 16-18 kenekulia ka ua i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka oicyenoaaiiie alu like' ana ma waena o ka helu o nā wahi a me ke kahua o ke aupuni kahi kuai. Naʻe, ka mea, ua hoʻomaopopo i ke kahua o ke aupuni Hawaii centralized piha aupuni mō'ī. Ka a pau aneiai kuwaho o kēia mau'āina i nona ma ke kahua o ka aina kuai, i ka ulu ana o ka wahi lulu, a me na haole kalepa. Great nui i haawiia mai no hoi i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka hana, mahiai, palapala i na mea paahana.

Omaka e pelu ana i ka nationwide kuai

Ma ka 18 la kenekulia i ke kahua o kekahi mau oihana e loulou iho Rusia i nā hoomaka ae la e hui i ka hou wahi. No ka laʻana, ma ka waena konu o ka aina a me ka hema-Bank Ukraine huahana hoomaka ae la e hōʻea a me kekahi hanalima huahana (nitrate, ka pauka, aniani). I ka Ia manawa, Rusia ua he pola no ka ke kūʻai akuʻana o nā huahana o kūloko artisans a me nā hale hana. hoomaka iʻa e hele mai, mai na wahi Don, ai, i ka berena o ka. Back mai Apana i ka Central a me Volga he mau ipu, kamaa, fabrics. Aneea oneiaey hele mai holoholona, i loaa hou mai ai a kokoke ?? eoi? A pau loa ia i ka berena a me kekahi hanalima huahana.

nani kou

Great keiki ma ke kahua o ka mea a pau-Russian market hoʻolako maikaʻi. Ka nui loa, a i ua lilo o ke aupuni, manaʻo nui Makarevskaya. Mau huahana Ua laweia mai, mai kekahi mau wahi o ka aina: Vologda, ma ke komohana a me ka akau-komohana o Smolensk, St. Petersburg, Riga, Moscow a me Yaroslavl, Kazan a me Astrakhan. Mawaena o ka loa hanohano e e kapaia mea maikai i eliiaʻi, hao, für, palaoa, ili, lole a me kela holoholona me nā huahana (ai, momona), paakai a me ka iʻa. He aha i kuai ai i ka maikaʻi, i nā koina laila ma ka'āina: no ka iʻa a me für - ma Moscow, ka berena a me ke kopa - i St. Petersburg, mea hiki ke hooheheeia huahana - Astrakhan. No ke kenekulia i ka oihana maikai me ka nui loa, a mahuahua nui. No laila, i ka 1720, ka makahiki ka mea, ua 280 tausani apana, a me ka 21 makahiki ma hope - .. Ua kāinoa mua 489.000.

Together me Makary, i loaa aupuni manaʻo nui a me nā EIA: Trinity, Orenburg, Annunciation a me ka luna'ānela. Irbit, no ka laʻana, ua he kanaono Lūkini kulanakauhale 17 mokuna, Ua hoʻokumuʻia AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me Peresia a me Central Asia. Svenskaya Fair Ua pili me 37 mau kūlanakauhale a me 21 la panalaau. Together me Moscow, a pau kēia mau EIA a pau o ka nui ma ka lawe ana i na pu o ka poe o nā 'āina a me ka apana, a kūloko kuai ma na mea a pau-Russian kuai.

Ka-yeiiiie? I loko o ka ulu aina

Lūkini kua'āina, ma hope o piha kona loio i enslavement o ka mua i aka nae, e uku i ka State, e like me kana kumu, i? Ieaoa (ma kona ano maoli paha dala). Akā, inā, no kekahi laʻana, e hoohalike i ka-yeiiiie? I loko o Rusia a me Poland, me ka Polish kauwa no ka hana i loko o ka palapala o ka serfdom increasinglyʻoi loa. No laila, no ka ia ka mea, ua ho'ōla 5-6 lā o ka pule. No ka mea Lūkini kua'āina, ua 3 lā.

Uku me ke kuleana i loko o ke koi pohō a palapala imply i ke ola ana o ke kuai. Ma ka kālepa papakü o ka kua'āina au i ka i komo i ka. Ho okumu ana o ka nationwide kuai paipai konohiki e ponoi, a kuai aina me nā huahana, like hoʻi me (a ole emi) a me ka moku'āina - a hiki i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka hikiāloa dala loaa a.

Development i ka hoʻokele waiwai Rusia ka mai ka 2nd hapalua o ka 16th kenekulia

I loko o kēia wā, hoomaka ae la e lilo nui o nā 'āina kahi kuai. Ma ka 17th centenary o ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka hana ana i lawe mai ma luna o ke aupuni me ka unahiʻole. "All-Russian Market" - Ka hopena o ke anoe ana o ka hou manaʻo o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ia lŘlŘ ma waena o ke kanaka pāhili. ʻOiai kona ka hoʻohuiʻana i ka mea i nuiʻole ai ka Lūkini alanui maʻi.

Ma ka hapalua like-17th kenekulia, eia kekahi elue mea e pau-Russian kuai i waho. Kona hoʻonaʻauao, i ka nui, ka pilina i ka Wa Mamua o ka nohona mahele o ka hana a me ka? Iecaianoaaiiie ia kenekoa specialization, e like me ka mea e pono pili aupuni i hiki ai ia i waho ma muli o ia na nā mea hoʻololi, i i nona e pili ana i ka hoʻokahi moku'āina.

Ke kumu nui ikona wahi o ka aina

Mai ka 2nd hapalua o ka 16th kenekulia ka mea i hana, a hooikaika aku la i na ki 'āina' aha kanaka e like me ka Volga māhele 'āina (Vologda, Kazan, Yaroslavl - holoholona huahana), North (Vologda - i ka papa kuhikuhiE ai market, Irbit, Solvychegodsk - für), North-West ( Novgorod - i ke kuai ana o ka hemp a me ka lole olona me nā huahana), Center (Tikhvin, Tula - ke kuai a me ka kuai o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia huahana). Akā, i ka papa kuhikuhiE ao kālepa palaoa ma ia manawa ua Moscow. Ma ka mea, aia no ua kokoke hoʻokahi haneri a me ka iwakālua hana kūikawā puke, kahi e hiki kuai hulu hipa a me ka lole, a me ka silika für, momona a me ka berena, ka waina, metala huahana, nā wahi lulu, a me na haole? Iecaianoaaiiuo.

Authority o ke aupuni

All-Russian market, a kū aʻela ia i kekahi no o na nā mea hoʻololi ka pilina i ka māhuahua entrepreneurial Initiative. I hiki i ka lehulehu ike, ma ke kiʻekiʻe o nā manaʻo, he kanaka pono kīvila. Ke kiʻekiʻe, ka mea-yeiiiie? I loko o ke au o primitive hoʻomāhuahua o ke kapikala alakaʻi i ke ku okoa ana o ka hana o ka oihana, a ma nā hana.

Ma ke kahua o ka mahiʻai hana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kūapoʻana i ka feudal aupuni olelo hooholo, e hoʻololi i ka aina a me ka pono mahiai. Ke aupuni ka paipai 'ana i ke kahua o ka aina hana i alakaʻi ai, ma ka huli, a hiki i ke kūpono' ana o ke nationwide kuai. Eia hou, i ka moku'āina patronized i ka hoike o ka mahiai, oi, hemolele loa ma mua o ka mea, ua mua.

Ma ke kahua o ka haole kalepa aupuni imi e kuai panalāʻau, a lawe mai i ka manao o ka protectionism. Penei, nā mea a pau i ua mua ano no kanaka kālepa kulanakauhale, ua e lilo i pili, a-yeiiiie? Olelo o ka moku'āina like me ka a pau.

ka hopena

Ke kumu nui hiʻona o ka wā o primitive hoʻomāhuahua o ke kapikala ua manaoia e ia i ka muli o huakūʻai-kala ana a me ka market hoʻokele waiwai. A pau ia i haʻalele i ka kūikawā hoailona ma luna o nā mea a pau spheres o ka nohona ola o ka wā. Naʻe, ka mea, ua iki controversial au, ma ka mea, e like me nā manawa o ka hoʻololi, i ka wa i he paio ma waena o ka feudal ke kaōhiʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai, hui, kālai'āina, uhane kanaka pono a me ka hou LIKE o bourgeois kīvila, ma muli o ia i ke anoe o ke kuai unahi, a he hoʻonui ai i ka hoʻopau o ia kenekoa hoʻokaʻawale, a hoʻokau 'o ka feudal aina.