Ana 1 hanauna kamepiula. ? Ac? O enehana a me ka kamepiula kamepiula hanauna

Computerization - he kŰia i ua malamaia manawa, paha, ma nā'āina a pau o ke ao nei. O kona holo 'awelika i kilakila. He hana hoihoi 'e kumumea i ka olelo ma i ka mea i lawe mai Hawaiʻi nei. E hiki anei ia e olelo ana i ka computerization - i ka hopena o ke kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana? Acaeoey o kamepiula 'ē aʻe a me ka lako polokalamu i ho oku o ka' ike loea hou ia ia? He aha nō nā kuʻina mōʻaukala oʻanoʻenehana? Acaeoey o kamepiula 'ē aʻe?

I ua mua kamepiula 'ē aʻe?

He hana hoihoi 'e loaʻa mai ka' ano o nā mea i Hawaiʻi nei ma mua i ke kamepiula. Penei, ka mea, i ke kaulana i loko o ka 17th kenekulia, ke kaʻao Palani nä känaka 'epekema Pascal invented, manaoio aku la ia ia i ka mua pepa m'kini, a hoʻohana i ka me mechanical manawa. I ke kakahiaka nui 19th kenekulia PelekāneʻImi Loa Babbage invented ka mua mākau engine. Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki, i ka lunaʻenehana Amelika i hana mai i kekahi Hollerith tabulator - uila mīkini, me ka a ka mea i hiki, e hoʻomaulia i ka 'ikepili helu. Hope Aey? Acaeoey o na alakai keʻena hoʻokolohua i loko o ke ao nei ma o ka olelo o ka pili ana i na mea maalea i ka mea a kokoke i nā kamepiula 'ē aʻe ma ke kālā no ke aloha, ua' Imi hoʻomau.

Ka mua kamepiula 'ē aʻe

Kekahi o ko ke ao nei ka kamepiula mua o invented e kekahi kanaka noiʻi American W. Bush i ka 1930. I ka moolelo o ka lolouila, mea he piha kikohoʻe manaʻo, he nui nä känaka 'epekema helu mai ka makahiki 1944, ka wā i Amelika Kumu Ayknem papahana kamepiula "Mark 1". I mea, ia ua he mea pili i ke kamepiula hanauna 1. He aha nō kona hiʻona, e hiki ke hai? Mua o nā mea a pau, paha, ke manao Ana. Ana 1 ka hanauna kamepiula 'ē aʻe, he poʻokela. No ka laʻana, "Mark-1" i ka lōʻihi o ma kahi o 15 mika, kiekie -. About 2,5 m + nona iho o ka mua mīkini lolouila, ma ke kālā no hae, ua kŘpa a uku, akā, kona kūlana i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kamepiula enehana hana hiki ole ke overestimated. I ka MH 1946, i ka US koa i kūkulu i kekahi kamepiula "ENIAC". Ana 1 kamepiula hanauna laʻana o keia mea i mea e oi kilakila. Kamepiula "ENIAC" i ka lōʻihi o ma kahi o 30 m, a kaupaona 30 tona.

Mākou e hoihoi, o ka papa,ʻaʻole wale ka nui o kekahi hanauna o nā kamepiula 'ē aʻe, akā, i nā' ano o ka lakou mauʻano o ka mīkini. Noonoo ia e like me ka pono i ka hope mōʻaukala o hou kamepiula 'ē aʻe.

Hiʻona 1 kamepiula hanauna

Hoʻohana kamepiula 1 ka nānā 'ana ma ka hanauna o ka huina'ine paipu - he mea e hana ma ka hoololi ana i ke kahawai o (particles) e neʻe mai ka cathode a hiki i ka anode. Ka walaʻauʻana rula o ka like neʻe - thermionic ea puka. Mai ke kinohi mai, e kūkulu kamepiula 'ē aʻe ma luna o ka loina o ke kūpili kuhikuhi ma ka puunaue ana o 0 a me 1. kēia noaia ua hoʻokō ai mamao. Pehea ia Launch aole like me ka papa kuhikuhiE ke keʻena i loko o ka PC, e hoʻohana i ke kukui? Loa noonoo ole. Inlet Ua hana ma luna o ke kukui anakahi uila, no ka laʻana 2 V. Na ia auoiaea - emi mai, e like me 1 V. ke kulana mua i hoʻopaʻa 'ia me ke kukui 1, o ka lua - like 0. ka huihui' ana o kēia mau kūlana me ka nānā 'ana ma o ka ai iiiaanoaa o na umi o na tausani o ke kukui hoʻokino mīkini kuhi.

Tube kamepiula 'ē aʻe, i ka mea, o ka poe i komo iloko o kekahi hanauna hana hiki ma kahi o 20 tausani. Ana no kekona. A hailona paha i nui? No ka nane, o ka huahelu no i keia la i ka pcs - ieeeea? O ana no kekona. Akā, me ka walaʻauʻana pilikia o kēlā mau makahiki, a me loko o na koa poepoe, o ka mua o ka hanauna o ka kamepiula ano e loa ae i ka hana.

Kamepiula 'ē aʻe o kēia' ano mea, i wehewehe aku e kiʻekiʻe pono. Iki no ka mea, ke kukui puhi mai pinepine, ka mea pono e loli. About ka nui o kanaka nunui kamepiula 'ē aʻe, ua i mai la ia ma luna. Kēia predetermines ka pilikia nui loa i loko o lākou ka halihali, a me ka kaʻoi loa o ko lākou wahi i loko o ka hale. mua hanauna kamepiula kāki ua loa kiʻekiʻe - ka mea, hiki ke hoolawaia ma ke kuai nui wale pāʻoihana a me ke aupuni ma lalo nei me ka nui nā moʻohelu kālā. No hoi i wehewehe aku Tube kamepiula 'ē aʻe ma kiʻekiʻe pae'ōnaehana koina -ʻano nui ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka ikehu. E hana ma luna o ia koi e,ʻo loa palapala hōʻoia no nā limahana me mahope uku o ko lākou nui uku. O ke kanaka nana i ike ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i ke kamepiula manaʻo,ʻaʻole e hōʻike i ka hiki i Hoʻohanohano i ka lolouila, ua kaulana a me ka pipiʻi technician.

Specificity o ka hanauna mua o nā kamepiula 'ē aʻe no hoi ua mau machines i komo i loko o ke kanaka iaaiey' ōlelo. Eia hou kekahi, he lākou o ke kamepiula ka olelo, he mau mea nui iho la ia. E like me ia, i ka polokalamu - i loko o ka mau hoohalike - ia ka hoʻohana 'ana i ke' ano kūpono o ka kamepiula ua,ʻaʻole i hoʻohana. Kēia mea manawa ole wale i ka uku hana o kāu kamepiula, akā, i kona kulana haahaaʻenehana pūnaewele maalea - pinepine ka mea, he kuʻina pepa a me kaʻume mākenēki leki, i like nō e pāpā ikaika ole me ka mea mau māmā kipaku iā mākou.

Eia naʻe, ma ka hana a he leo kaulana nā kānakaʻenehana hoomaka 'Imi ke hakuloli -ʻano nui ma ka ulu ana o kekahi mau hana nona iho algorithms hana me ka oiwi kivila. I loko nō o ka poe ilihune hana o ka hanauna mua o nā kamepiula 'ē aʻe, ka ka hoʻokōʻana o kā lākou hana nō ke kiʻekiʻe o mahuahua.

Kekahi polokalamu kamepiula, a ia hanauna aku 2

World kamepiula hana ma hope o ka oleloia hana i hoomau e hoʻomōhala hikiwawe loa. Ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o "Mark-1", "ENIAC" a me nā hi - ka mea, ua pono i ka hoʻomaka. 2 kamepiula hanaunaʻikeʻia i loko o ke kakahiaka 60s. Lākou ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona - ka mea, i kahi o ke kukui transistors i hoʻohana. E like me ka hopena, mīkini productivity mahuahua. Eia hou, ke hoomanao i ka nui o kekahi hanauna kamepiula 'ē aʻe, he kilakila. Kaho no transistors, ma ka huli, me ka nui loa ua hoʻemi. Pehea ahuwale lanakila hoaoʻano kaua i loko o ka 'ole o ka piliʻanoʻenehana pāʻoihana kamepiula' ē aʻe? Lawa ia e olelo aku i ka pākali hoʻolele 1 ua hiki ke kuapo a puni 40 mau ipuʻaila. Hou, a me Media,. Ka mea o ka lua o ka hanauna o ka kamepiula 'ē aʻe ke pū i ka hoʻohana' ana o kekahiʻume mākenēki pā hōkū, pani i ka 'ole a me ka manaʻo i ka mea, i nā kama'āina i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia mea hoʻohana.

Ma hua'ōlelo o ke komo ana o ka lako polokalamu honua kamepiula hana kekahi i no i koe aku, i ke aloha a hiki i ka uea 'o ka lakou mau mīkini type. Ke 'ōlelo, no ka mea kiʻekiʻe-ʻilikai waeʻano. Programmers Ua ulu unuhi - nāʻano ma i ka lakou mau algorithms e unuhi 'ia i loko o ka' ōlelo i hoʻohana i loko o ka mīkini kamepiula kauoha. Mākou Ua hoʻokō i nā loina o ka mua o kekahi kamepiula lako polokalamu nā mea e hiki wale mai. hoomaka mākou e hōʻike waihona palapala noi, na ka mālamaʻana nenoai, a ua lilo na prototypes o kēia pae'ōnaehana nenoai.

Eia naʻe, hoʻowahāwahā ho'āʻo kekahi e unifyʻano kaua lako polokalamu algorithms i loko o kekahi machines, i wehewehe aku okoa kamepiula 'ē aʻe ma ke kaupalena hoʻokaulike. Hui pu iho la ia, no laila, e olelo aku, i loko o ka hookahi ulana pukapuka, a me ke kūkulu ma ke kumu o kona'ōnaehana hui kālepa ike ua loa paʻakikī.

Kekahi polokalamu kamepiula, a ia hanauna aku 3

Moʻolelo 3 hanauna o nā kamepiula 'ē aʻe hoʻomaka me machines,? Ieoaeunoai no a hoomaka ae la e e hoʻohana' noniakahi wahi i puhi ai, kela mea keia mea o ka i, e like me ka mea huli mai, hiki e puku i kahi o 1,000 transistors. I ka hana o nā kamepiula 'ē aʻe ua ulu me ka nui loa. Ano oe ke holo ma ke kamepiula kekahi mau lako polokalamu algorithms ka poʻe. He aha ka ASIC? Kēia aniani o ka silikone, a i ka wahi o ma kahi o 10 sq. mm o. Ma hua'ōlelo o ka hana ana, ka mea i ua oaeuiinoe, ma ka mea, hoʻokahi IC mea like i ke kamepiula "ENIAC". Mawaena o ka loa kaulana 3-hanauna kamepiula 'ē aʻe - kamepiula hoʻomohala e IBM - i ka System 360 mīkini.

Kamepiula 'ē aʻe o kēiaʻano i wehewehe aku ma kekahi degere he nui i oi aku o ka interoperability ma mua o ka mea, ua kūkā mai mākou ma luna, a me ka poʻe i loko o ka lako polokalamu kēia lākiō. Ma ka mua-hanauna kamepiula 'ē aʻe 3 piha pae'ōnaehana nenoai i ua hoʻokō, hiki ke hana mau hana ka poʻe. He nui no ka Lako hiʻona i hoʻomaka hoololiia i ka lako polokalamu, ahu iho.

Kamepiula 4 hanauna

I ka makahiki 70 ka ai-kapaia nui-unahiʻole, i noniakahi wahi i puhi ai i ua hahao i loko o nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo. He aha ke ano o ka hiʻona hiki ke kaulana? Mua o nā mea a pau, i ka mea e hoʻopili like me kā lākou hana e pili ana i 1000ʻike mau noniakahi wahi i puhi ai. E like me ka hopena, i ka global kamepiula hana i ka hiki i ka paka i ka mea, i ka nui a me ka hana like ana i ka poe a mākou i maʻa i ka i keia la.

Ma ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana a hola laina no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o nui-unahiʻole, i noniakahi wahi i puhi ai a me nā kī kamepiula eiiiiiaiou, kamepiula 'ē aʻe i nā lilo ho'ēmi. Inā ka mea mua a me ka lua o ka (i loko o na 50s a me 60s) hanauna kamepiula 'ē aʻe, ua loaʻa, e like me mākou kaulana luna, kuhikuhi wale i ka nui pāʻoihana a me nā aupuni nā hale, i ka makahiki 1970 kamepiula i ua' Imi kūʻai maʻamau poe kanaka.

computerization kumumea

Computerization ua lilo he nui kŰia, oi loa me ka Hekikai o ka punaewele i loko o ka hopena o 80s. Kona holo 'awelika ua nui hōʻeuʻeu ma mua o ke kumu kūʻai lilo lalo a malalo maalea - kā lākou nui. Ke'ī mai, o ka mua PC, ma na aoao, a me nāʻanoʻenehana 'ole i' ano like me ka poe e ninau ia iā mākou i kēia lā, iʻikeʻia i loko o ka hapalua like-70s a me i kakahiaka nui 80s. Mawaena o ka poe maalea - IBM PC, a lilo i ka prototype o ka loa prevalent Me anuu i keia la. Ka mea, ua lilo ka mea hea ka competitor i ka PC i ua 'Imi i laweʻia e Apple. Ke poʻo kumu a mea likeʻole ma waena o ia mau mea - i loko o ka IBM manaʻo o ka openness a me closeness o ka Apple anuu. Mai ka viewpoint o ka lako polokalamu a me ka lako e 'ole o ka likeʻole ma waena o ka PCʻAno nui uuku. Na IBM-anuu 'ole loaʻa ka kēia kī eiiiiiaiou e like me ka unu lawelawe, hipa kāne, paʻakikī a holo, wikiō a me ka hookani kāleka, motherboard. Naʻe, ka mea i auou caiaiai ia e na mea e ae - like i kekahi makemake, oi hoʻomāhuahua ai.

Ka papa hanauna o nā kamepiula 'ē aʻe

ʻanoʻenehana hookoe, i i hoʻokumuʻia e nā kānakaʻenehana ma na 70s, nana i malama nui ana i ka hou ana o ka poe akamai i kamepiula a me nā kānaka kālailai i ho'ākāka 'ia e like me ka lalau ana wahi i loko o ka ia 4th hanauna. Ia mea i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia kiʻekiʻe-hope pcs hoʻohana, i mau,ʻo ia nā loina like me ka mea 40 makahiki aku nei. Ma kekahi, ao ke ano, e like me, no ka mea hoike, i ka nui o ka lolouila, ke kālā no kamepiula 'ē aʻe maopopo leʻa ike nui aku technologically mua. Ma ka mea me he uuku ka nui o ka puke noke pono Me mamao loa ia mau mea a pau, no ka mea hoike, ma ke kamepiula mua mai Apple i 70s mana.

ka hoʻomauʻana manaÿo

Akā, conceptually ka PC ana mākou hana i kēia lā, hoʻohanaʻia hoʻi ka manaʻo paionia 'i loko o ka kamepiula 4 hanauna. Aia nō i akaka ana hoʻohālike, a makemake ae i ka olelo ana, kŘpa a olelo ana, o ka mua IBM PC kamepiula lawe a me ke kālā no iMac - he kamepiula ka hanauna okoa. Auana loli aʻe kaiāulu, akā, no ka manaʻo mea nui ka ia.

Ma ke kumu o ka anuu kaumaha ma ka IBM, hoʻokō loa o kēia mau Kauai, laptops, AIO. Ma na mea he nui ana hoʻohālike, a i lawe lima manaʻo - Phone a me nā gula'ā'ī - e pahuhopu nei me ka IBM-paepae, iʻikeʻia i loko o ka 70s. Penei, i kela mea keia mea o lakou, e like me ia ma ka PC, aia no he unu lawelawe, hoomanao, pūnaewele mea - he Analog o ka paakiki pā hōkū.

ʻO paakiki ke hiki e'ōlelo aku i fundamentally mahuahua ka oluolu a pae ma kamepiula 'ē aʻe, ina kakou e hoakaka aku i ka mua 4 hanauna o ka PC manao a me kaʻiʻo nō o kēia lauana. XIX. I nā lako e ka pāʻana o - keyboard, iole - holo nōhie, i ole ma o ka makahiki hoʻololi. Aia he, o ka papa, a pau ano o ka nano pale, koke ka hōʻike 'ana a me nā mea lahaʻole pāʻoihana. Akā,ʻaʻole i nā mea hoʻohana no ia ia ia i lawa ka maikaʻi.

Holomua, o ka papa, a me ka lako polokalamu kākoʻo pāʻoihana - ka pae'ōnaehana'ōnaehana (i loko o ka mua 4 hanauna o nā kamepiula 'ē aʻe, he mau Eia kekahi laʻana, e hoʻomalu aku mai ke kauoha laina pae'ōnaehana nenoai i keia la nā iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai mea kiʻi hoʻohana Library), palapala noi lako polokalamuʻAno. Ka mua 'ano o ka pili papahana ma na 70s, ua nui loa na mea i ka' ole.

I kēia lā, ka mea, o na hana mana o ke kō o? Iecaianoaaiiuo hana. Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i nā pāʻani, ka like o i kekahi '. Ma na 70s ka mea, ua pono ka Arcade, i kēia lā e ae e hana i kekahi kupaianaha kaiapuni i loko o kaʻike kamepiula a puni. Eia naʻe, ua hana lealea, i ka pae'ōnaehana'ōnaehana a me ka noi lako polokalamu ma ka ia algorithms me ka AYEIE pāʻoihana ma na makahiki kakahiaka o ka 4th hanauna o ke kamepiula? Acaeoey, pinepine i ka hookahi iaaiey 'ōlelo.

Hoʻohālike o ke kamepiula hanauna

E ho'āʻo i ka visualize i ka me nā 'ano o ke kamepiula hanauna. Pehea la e hiki ai ia ke hana? He He kūpono koho - i mau papa no ka kamepiula hanauna. Ua hiki ke hoʻokū 'ia ma ka' ole, he reflective ano o ke kamepiula ki - productivity, aʻanoʻenehana kumu, me ka nānā 'ia i helu i hanaʻi.

Mau mea i ka me nā 'ano o ke kamepiula hanauna. E ike pehea hoʻomaka koke ka ulu 'kamepiula enehana. Kamepiula 'ē aʻe o kekahi mau hanauna - vivid examples o ka muli a me ka holomua pōkole i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka loa a me ka hoʻonaʻauao kū hoʻokahi kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana' enekinia, manaÿo - nā ma ka Lako ke keʻena kaʻilikai, e like me ka lako polokalamu.

Ma ka kekahi lima, ua hiki ke manao nei makou computerization - he kŰia mea i ulu ke kiʻekiʻe, a me ka correlative mahuahua ma ka PC hana ana, ka mea e ho'ēmi a me ka hiki pono ana. Akā, he mea kekahi wahi o ka hoomaopopo, ma i ke kaʻina hana ma ka nīnau ua wehewehe aku ma ka manawa o ka 2, i kona wa i maoli galloping iki mai, a me ka mea, ua ma hope o keʻano o ke kamepiula 4 mau hanauna, a ma hope hou 'ana o ka Internet i loko o ka global i ulanaʻia. Kēia mau kumumea, a lilo iho la ia, e like me kekahi mau noiʻi, nā O Keaukaha ki o ka computerization.