Manuela Josef Land. Manuela Josef Land - Island. Manuela Josef Land - Kauai

Manuela Josef, kahi o ka moku (ka huina o 192) i kekahi iauae ieiuaae o 16.134ʻahā like mika. ei, ua aia i loko o ka Arctic Ocean. Ke kumu nui loa o ka aina o ka hapa Arctic o ka Apana Primorsky o ka Arkhangelsk Māhele '. Geographically, ka mea, ua maheleia i 3 māhele nui: i ka hikina, a me ka Central komohana. Ka mua nā mokupuni Wilczek Land (2 sq. M. Km) a me Gream Bell (1.7 sq. M. Km). Ka mea, i kaawale mai ke koena o ka'Aukekulia pilikia. Ka mea nui ma ka helu o ka pae o ka pae 'āina aia ma ke kikowaena hapa. Ua washes ka Pelekania Channel, a me ka pilikia o Austria. Ka 'ole o ka komohana māhele ka loaʻa o ka nui mokupuni o ke kuikahi -. George Land wahi o 2,9 tausani sq M. ei. Manuela Iosepa no ka hapanui ke kuleana o ka ka pāpū, plateau-e like ili. Kona awelike kiʻekiʻe mea 400-490 m + a me ka mea kiekie loa - 620 mau mika.

ka loaʻaʻana

Ke ola ana o ka pūʻulu o nā moku ma ka hikina o Spitsbergen wānana nui Lūkini nä känaka 'epekema ole kekahi, mua Lomonosov, a ma hope ona Schilling a me Kropotkin. Ka hope i ka 1871, a hooku iho la ia i ka Lūkini Kuʻe Huli Society huakaʻi a hiki i ke kumumanao o ke ao, akā, i ke aupuni hoole i līkaia kālā. Ka pae'āina o Manuela Josef Land i loaa wale ma ka ulia. Ua hiki mai ka wā o ka Austro-Hunakalia huakaʻi ma lalo o ke kauoha o Yu Payer a me Karl Weyprecht hele akula i loko o ka makahiki 1872, e kūkulu i ka Hikina ─kau Ala. Naʻe, i trapped lākou mau moku ma ka hau, a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mea, haawiia i ke komohana o ka New Honua. I ka makahiki 1873, ma 30 August, ka moku kuna "Adimarala Tegetgoff" hekau ana i na kapakai o ka aina i ike ole. I ka Ia manawa, Payer a me Weyprecht i anamanaʻo kona'ākau a me ka hema outskirts. Prior i keia, ma kahi o ka Manuela Josef Land, ka mea iʻikeʻoleʻia e kekahi. I 'Apelila 1874 Payer e hoʻokele e hiki i kekahi wahi me ka wahi 82 ° 5' akau ka latitu. Ua loaʻa Ua hoi ka mua noaia pae'āina. I ia manawa, noiʻi, manao iho la ia mea, he o ka helu o ka nui hoʻopunipuni. ua haawi mai Open'āina i lilo i kaulana Manuela Joseph I, Emperor o Austria i ka inoa.

kaʻaluna

I ka makahiki 1873, ua hoʻokolokolo Payer a me Weyprecht hema hapa o ka ?? eoi? Ee, a ma ke kupulau o 1874 ka mea, hele ia ma ka hema i ke kukulu akau ma ka maa aku ai i sleds. A laila, ua ka mua manawa he kiʻikuhi e hoohalike ai o Manuela Josef Land. Map, e like me ka mea huli mai ma hope, i ka hailona no ka wahaheʻe. Ma 1881-1882 GG. hamama wahi ma luna o ka moku peʻa "Eira" kipa Scot B. L. Smit. A i loko o nā makahiki 1895-1897. English geographer Frederick Jackson, he ua ua nui nui ana o ke Komohana Hema, Central a me ka hema māhele o ke kuikahi. Hope ka mea, huli mai i ka pūʻulu ua i mai o na mea he nui oi mokupuni ma mua o mua mai. Naʻe, ka mea, ua emi nui ma ka nui hoʻohālikelike i na omaka ma ka palapala 'āina Payer.

A puni ka ia wā, ke kukulu akau-hikina a me ka waenakonu hapa o ka pae'āina kipa Nansen a me Johansen. Ma June 1896 ka Norewai Nansen accidentally ike ia e pili ana. Northbrook hooilo Frederika Dzheksona. I ke kauwela o 1901 o ka hema-komohana a me ka hema mokuna o ka mokupuni, oia kipa, a alakai aku ia i ko lakou ninaninau o Hope-Adimarala S. O. Makarov. Iloko o ka He kokekau wale ka nui o ka holoʻokoʻa ?? eoi? I hoʻokumu. A laila, i loko o 1901-1902 GG. noiʻi hana hoomau i Amelikaʻepekema Baldwin a me Ziegler. Hahai ia lakou mai ka 1903 a hiki i 1905. me ka AIM, e kau i ka Pole i hou huakaʻi i hoʻonohonoho ma luna o ka hau. Ua Ua alakaʻiʻia Ziegler a me ka hue. I ka wā mai ka 1913 a hiki i 1914-la ma ka Bay NU YOKA ma ka mokupuni Hooker alakaʻi ka hana pae o geographers G. Ya. Sedova. I ke kauwela o 1914 ke ola makou mahope o lālā hope o ka huakaʻi Brusilov - ua hiki ke hele i ke kahiko kumu o ka Jackson-Harmsworth - Albanov a me Conrad. Ua Ua Aia ma Cape Flora ma. Northbrook. Aia geographers i hoopakele ia-holomua moku kuna "St. Fock".

Ka piʻiʻana i Rusia, a hou ulu

I ka 1914, ma ka hulina o Group G. Ya. Sedova huakaʻi kipa i ka moku i ka hoʻomaka o Islyamova. He i hai aku i ka wahi i kekahi hapa o ka aina o Rusia, a hoala mai i ka? Aiina. I ka 1929, ma ka Bay NU YOKA ma. Ua weheia Hooker Sovietʻepekema mua noiʻi wahi. Mahalo iā ia, Manuela Josef Land i mai lilo ka makahikiʻae Soviet Polar kaua kiʻi e kaua. I ka 50-ies. Iwakalua kenekulia i ana aʻei māhele Radar kaua pale. Kekahi o ia mau mea i ka Manuela Josef Land. Ka oihana koa kumu ua ma luna o ana. Gream Bell. Eia ka mea, hoonoho iho la 30th kaawale Radar a me ka paulele i ka hoʻomana poe aviakomendatura. Hope Kulekele Hoʻohana hau Airfield. Akā, i kēia mea,ʻaʻole i nā kaʻakālai waiwai ma ka hoʻolilo o Manuela Josef Land. Alexandra Island i 31-ko kaawale Radar poe o "Nugarskaya". Mau huahelu no i ka loa northerly koa huahelu o ka Soviet Union. I ke kakahiaka nui 90-ies. ka mea, i eliminated. I ka makahiki 2008, i loko o ka papa o ka noiʻi ma nukelea icebreaker i kapaia "Yamal" Ua loaʻa hoʻokaʻawale, mai ke ana. Northbrook hapa o ka aina. Ma ka hanohano o ka luna o ka Arctic ia i ka inoa hope o Yuri Kuchiev. September 10, 2012 huakaʻi AARI ma nukelea icebreaker Ua wehe "Rusia" kekahi, hookaawale iho la hapa o ka. Northbrook.

heluna kanaka

At Manuela Josef Land, a na nā kauhale i ole paʻa nā kupa. ? Aiaiiuie 'ole o ka lehulehu nā FSB palena kiai, nā limahana o ka noiʻi AYN. Kekahi manawa, he mea hoi e noho kekahi hapa o ka lewa pale hao wale. Ka mea, e lawe mai Kao lele lako kaua pale o ka'ākau Lūkini pāhili. E like me ka holo ikaika hoike, ma 2005 ma ka palena o ka mokupuni Hayes wehe i ka loa lōʻihi moʻomanaʻo oihana "Arkhangelsk 163 100". E e kona e hana ana i manawa e like me ka mea i 1 hora, mai ka 10 a hiki i 11 hola Poalua ma Friday. Like o Sepatemaba 2013, ma lalo o ka hōʻailona 163100 ua helu 'ia ma moʻomanaʻo oihana "luna'ānela" (no. Hayes, Manuela Josef Land). Kana hana haʻalele 'ana - mai ka 10 a hiki i 11 hola kela Poakolu.

hauneneʻe

Ka mea, uhi ka hapanui o ka ili o ka pae'āina (87%). Mana loli aʻe mai ka 100 a hiki i 500 m. Mai e iho mai ana i ke kai paʻa icebergs hana a laila. A hiki i ka nui loa susceptible i icing hikina a me ka hema-hikina māhele o ka pau ?? eoi?. New me ka ho okumu hou wale ma ka piko o ka hauneneʻe puniʻole. Ma keia hihia, e like me ka hopena o nā haʻawina uhi Manuela Josef Land ka loa hookeai hooho ae. Inā i ka malama ana o ka luku, e noho i ka ia, o ka me ka hauneneʻe āpana 300 makahiki ke nalo loa ana.

Manuela Josef Land. Hot, anuanu?

Ma typical hohola Islands pae Artic aniau. Ka awelika makahiki ka mahana mea e pili ana i ka. Rudolf hiki -12 ° C. Ma o Iulai, ma ka Bay Islands maluhia Hooker lewa hoʻomehana i ka -1,2 ° C, a ma luna o ka mokupuni o Hayes, ma ka Observatory. Krenkel (ka northernmost ino ia hoonoho ai i loko o ke ao nei), - i + 1,6 ° C. Kaʻawelike i loko o Ianuali o ma kahi o -24 ° C, a me ka lalo hiki mai i -52 ° C. Peak pā maila ka makani - 40 m / kek.. paka ua, mai ka awelika o ka 250 a hiki i 550 mm o ka makahiki ke kimu oo? hoʻomāhuahua o ka hauneneʻe puniʻole.

Nā flora a? Aaoa o ka Arctic

Ke kanu uhi Ua Kīwala'ō pae mosses a me lichens. Aia mau no hoi na grits, Polar wilou, saxifrage a me'Ālika poppy. Mawaena o na mammals oe ke ike i ka Polar bea. Emi mai paha, e kiʻi i kekahi keʻokeʻo alopeke. The Hawaiian wai i noho ma ka hihihi, lira sila, beluga, narwhal, ke komo lima o ka wepa, a me ka ma kaʻumiʻumi paha wepa. Waiwai i na poe i loko o na? Aaoa o ka pae'āina manu - loaʻa nā wale 26? Ueo o ka eheu. Iwaena o lakou, scrapers,ʻeleʻele-legged kittiwake, guillemot, keʻokeʻo gull iki auks, Meia listen'ōlelo. I ke kau wela, ka mea hana i ka manu panalāʻau.

Alakaʻi Kauai i ka North Pole

Pehea ka nui o hana i kekahi moku peʻa i ka pae'āina o Manuela Josef Land? Kauai ma ka Arctic hiki ke kuai i ka lilo o ka 875 076 rubles. ($ 24,995). Ae, loa pipiʻi! Ka palapala ke komo hele ana me ka huakaʻi hui ma ka hookoe "Manuela Josef Land". Oiaio no, o keia no kekahi o ka loa a me ka hana for icai koho. Ka polokalamu hele e kaumaha ana i ka hoʻokō "luna o ko ke ao nei," - 90 degere. W. ma luna o ka honua i ka loa ikaika loa nukelea-mana icebreaker "50 Makahiki o A ia la aku". Naʻi aupuni o ka icy akea o ka Arctic welau a me ka mea pūlehu ma luna o ka hau uhi, leʻaleʻa, "Hanu O Ka Hanakeoki" a hula a me ka 'auʻau' ana ma o ka Arctic Ocean. Ma ke ala hoʻi, nā huakaʻi e e kaumaha helekopa Kauai ma luna o nā mokupuni o ka pae'āina, ka mea hiki ole aeaiaua a pono e lanakila kona nani. Ka 540 mile i ka North Pole o ka kaianoho koholā o ka nui helu o sila, Artic manu, walruses a me Polar bea. I ka hoʻolalaʻo ia i ka oo? Enonei-? Kaapuni e lawe i loko no o ka mea ia o ka hele ana i wahi i loko o kekahi keʻena, uuku-ike a me ka loihi loa o ka poepoe honua. E like me ka hopena, i ka polokalamu ala hiki wale ke ike me ka mau, exploratory huakaʻi manao, no ka mea, ma lalo o ka aoao o ka mawaho aʻe e like me ka hau, kūlana, ka ino a me na mea e ae, He hiki ke hoʻololi. E like me ka hoike ana a me ka umi-makahiki hana, kekahi o ka huakaʻi huakaʻi 'aʻole e' oe pono mua i ka Arctic. Ke ano o ka North Poleʻo ia kona mau mea hoʻololi. 'O kēia ka peculiarity a me ka specificity o ka huakaʻi Nā Holo Moana.

Ka lōʻihi o ka hele ana kuka

lā 1

Ana i loko o Murmansk, a kau akula ma luna o ka icebreaker. Ma ka? Aeia ma ka anticipation o ka wā o ka pae o ka huakaʻi, e kau i luna o, ia ihola ke kumu i ka honua i ka loa ikaika nukelea icebreaker me ka lyric noa i ka ' "50 Makahiki o A ia la aku". Ma hope o kekahi manawa o ka moku, e haʻalele i ka pelapela, a hele aku e hālāwai me hou inā pilikia ka haumāna, maalo ae la oia ma ke kola Bay.

lā 2

Ma ka Barents kai. An integral hapa o kela huakaʻi - makaukau o ka ohua i nā hiʻona o ka hana hele ana. Nā lālā o kaʻaha hui hui, e hoike aku iauaeoia oo? Ecia me ka maluhia rula ma luna o ka moku a me ka helekopa, e like me hai aku ia oe e pili ana i na nuances a pau pili i ka hoʻokō 'ana o ka pae i loko o ka Arctic.

lā 3-5

A pololei pololei a hiki i ka Arctic. Ekolu pane-piha lā ma luna o ka moku, e eʻike i nā ohua me ka hoihoi 'mōʻaukala kūʻiʻo, a kupaianaha maoli o kēia māhele.

lā 6

Ana ma ka North Pole. Ma ke ala ana i kou mākaʻikaʻi luna 'ūlōlohi kūlike loaʻoihana kaʻa nele icebreaker i ke aloha wahi - 90 ° akau ka latitu. Ma hope o noho i ka moku vacationers ili ma luna o ke kupono hau floe a me ka hana ua lilo i kahiko oihana o "a puni ke ao nei hele ana." Kēia Ua ukali ma kekahi hana hoihoiʻano hana - e kaumaha aku ai i kaʻahele e kākau memo, a i laila, waiho i loko o ka'ōlinolino mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku, a plunge i loko o ka hohonu o ka Arctic Ocean.

lā 7-9

Maui - Manuela Josef Land. I loko nō o ka mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu o ka huakaʻi ano e hana ai, e hele e no ana i ka puu o ka hoihoi 'a me ka pīhoihoi hanana. Ka pono-la i ka malamaia na hale ae, e kanaka hoʻoponopono i ka mōʻaukala hanana loa nui ia i wahi ma ka pae'āina, he nui makahiki aku nei. I waena o lākou e pono ke kūʻai 'ana i kumumanaʻo ma ka hale o. Bell, i kukulu ia i ka makahiki 1881 ma Lee Smith huakaʻi i komo, a me nā wahi e pili ana o ka mea kahiko e hoʻomoana ai ma ana. Northbrook. Ua i loaʻa i loko o 1896 he ua he nui halawai Nansen a me Jackson. I ke kumukuai o kipa o ka Cape o Norewai, kahi no na mea he nui 7 mahina alakai ka hana noiʻi F. Nansen a me Johansen; e hoʻohanohano i ka hoomanao ana o ke nä känaka 'epekema G. Ya. Sedova, kona kiʻi lilo i ka prototype o ka papa kuhikuhiE ano ana e pili ana i ka puke "na luna koa" Kaverina. Pristine akea o ka Arctic a me ka originality o kaʻikena i hāʻawi mai kona poʻe hoaʻai i ka Manuela Josef Land. Photos ia i loko o kēia wahi, invariably holoʻokoʻa i hele mai ai me lākou kū hoʻokahi a me ka maikaʻi. Hauneneʻe ua like no me I Helu craters, hui me ka nunui-i nā pōpō e hooponopono ana o mosses a me ka lilelile waihoʻoluʻu Lanai ho okumu i kekahi kupanaha, indescribable lewa o ka lokahi. Muli o kekahi hapa o ka Arctic panorama i kekahi tausani o rookeries a me hihihi rookeries, e hoopiha mai ana i ka Hawaiian moana lipolipo Manuela Josef Land pae'āina. Photo ma ka poli o ka Polar ano e leie aku e hoʻopio i kū hoʻokahi koke i loko o ke ola, a hoahu ia i ka mea hoʻomanaʻo no ka makahiki e hiki mai ana.

lā 10-11

Ma ka Barents kai. Ua ka manawa e hoi aku i ke kulanakauhale o Murmansk. Ma ke ala hoʻi, ka luna kaua, e kono aku e hele i ka ahaaina awakea, i kona keʻena. Aia, ohua e e hiki ke hoʻonānea i loko o ka lehulehu o ka hana hoihoi, a laila, hoʻokipa i ka hoolohe i ka oiaio nā moʻolelo e pili ana i ka hana ma ka icebreaker, mai ke kumu.

He aha ka mea i hookomoia ma ka huina o na lilo o ka huakaʻi

• Hele ai ma luna o ka icebreaker "50 Makahiki o A ia la aku".
• Pae 'pae Kauai. Kēia nā mea a pau Hawaiian huakaʻi, kipa i ka wahi o ka mōʻaukala nui a me nā hanana ma helicopters.
• Hele ma zodiacs (ma ka olelo hooholo o ka alihi kaua o ka huakaʻi ma muli o ka worsening malie ana i ke kāpae i).
• Program o nā haʻi'ōlelo hoomakaukau e pono-ikeia naturalists, a akamai ma ka māhele 'āina.
• Lauʻai (me hawaiian pastries ma ka auina la); kope a me ka malamalama meaʻai māmā ma ka lā; inu i ka wai.
• Laholio nā kamaʻa puki no ka hoolimalima no ka lōʻihi o ka moku peʻa.
• Informational mea no ka nāʻanaʻana a me ka huakaʻi diary me nā kiʻi ma DVD.
• Ka Uku Leka a me oaoieei koina.
• Special lākeke no ka huakaʻi.
• Hui 'inikua lapaʻau e ku e ia he ulia pakalaki ma luna o ka moku.