Anticholinergic ai ': papa inoa. Keʻano papa hana o ka hana o ka anticholinergic lāʻau

Anticholinergic ai '- e ai' i aeie i ka hana o ka neurotransmitter maoli - acetylcholine - i cholinergic receptors. Ma haole moʻokalaleo, keia pae o ka ai 'kapaia "delirianty" ma muli o ai i ka hiki i ka i delirium.

A wahi o ka mōʻaukala kūʻiʻo

Mamua, ma ka hapalua like-20th kenekulia, ai 'anticholinergic hana hoʻohana no ka iapaau ana o ka maʻi obstructive pulmonary maʻi a me ka asthma, akā, ka mea i UAIAaIN e hou laekahi' ai 'me ka poʻeʻuʻuku Loaʻaʻiaʻaoʻao ole. Me ka hooulu ana o ka pharmacology, ua hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka holinoblokatory mea e ole i ka ua nui ka papa inoa o kaʻaoʻao loaʻepekema. Laʻau heluna ano i ua holomua, a me ka pākōlea hana pulmonary maʻi i hou pili anticholinergics. Keʻano papa hana o ka hana o keia pae o ka ai 'Uaʻano huikau, akā, he mea hiki ke wehewehe i ka papa kuhikuhiE loulou.

Pehea e holinoblokatory?

O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka anticholinergic lāʻau e ka paleʻana cholinergic receptors a me ka impossibility o i alakaʻi ai iā lākou neurotransmitter - acetylcholine. No ka laʻana, i loko o nā bronchi wahi receptors aia i loko o ka pahee Muscle.

Mea Maluna o ka ai '

Ke kaumaha ma muli a receptors i 'ole ma ka anticholinergic ai', ke papa ua maheleia i loko o nā pūʻulu:

• M-holinoblokatory (atropine, scopolamine, ipratropium bromide).
• H holinoblokatory (pentamine, tubocurarine).

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka selectivity o ka hana:

• Central, ai ole-e wae (atropine, pirenzepine, platifillin).
• ʻike ākea ole e wae (ipratropium bromide).

M-holinoblokatory

I ka papa kuhikuhiE Luna o keia pae o ka ai 'ka atropine. Atropine - he alkaloid, a ua hookomoia iloko o kekahi mau mea kanu e like me make nightshade, henbane a me ka datura. Ka loa haʻi hiʻona o ka atropine - antispasmodic. E kū'ē i ke kāʻei kua o kona hana emi Muscle kamaʻilio i ka digestive'āpana, bladder a me ka bronchus.

Atropine ua hoakakaia hōʻike waha, subcutaneously a intravenously. Kona lōʻihi like 'ole o ka hana e pili ana i mea 6 hola, a me ka hoʻohana' atropine droplets lōʻihi like 'ole, piʻi pū i nā lāʻehiku.

Pharmacological 'ole o ka atropine:

• Dilated na haumana o nā maka aie a hiki i ka noho haumāna kahi kanawai ma ka hoʻopoepoe Muscle o na iris - ka iris nāʻiʻo hoʻonānea, niioaaonoaaiii, i ka haumāna dilates. ʻO kā mākou ia ia lŘlŘ loko o 30-40 minuke ma hope o instillation.
• Lōlō o ka noho - ka maka aniani ua'ō a flattened, anticholinergic ai 'pila hāpa maka no ka mamao hihio.
• Mahuahua naau kōmi
• Hoʻomaha no nāʻalā Muscle i loko o ka bronchi, gastrointestinal'āpana, urinary bladder.
• Hoemiia na secretion glands, e like me bronchial, digestive a me ka hou.

Ka hoʻohana o atropine

• I ophthalmology: i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka fundus, ka wehewehena o refractive hewa.
• Ma cardiology, atropine ua hoʻohana no ka bradycardia.
• I pulmonology hoʻohana anticholinergic ai 'ma ka asthma.
• Gastroenterology: gastric ulcer a me duodenal ulcer, gastritis giperatsidnom (ma ka hoemi gastricʻakika secretion digestive glands). Ke k mea mana ma ka hihia o intestinal colic.
• Nā anesthetists atropine hoʻohana me premedication mua likeʻoleʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau kaʻina hana.

ʻaoʻao 'ole o ka atropine.

Wehewehe aku ma dryness o ka waha a me ka puʻu, photophobia, hoʻopōʻino kokoke hihiʻo, constipation, pilikia i ka hemo o.

Atropine ua loa contraindicated e hoʻohana i glaucoma ku i ke kanawai o ka mahuahua intraocular puʻe. Contraindicated anticholinergic ai 'no urinary incontinence, like hoʻonānea na nāʻiʻo o ka bladder. Anticholinergics noi aku kūlike loa koho o ka dosing. I loa nā māhele mai kaʻapu kōheoheo meaola, a ua wehewehe aku ma ka Hawaii a me ka 'ehaʻeha o arousal, mydriasis, hoarseness, pilikia moni' ia, e ku ma ke ana wela. I oi loa kaʻapu kōheoheo hoʻomanawanui iki mai hoʻomaka e lilo aku i ko lakou kohoʻia i loko o ka lewa, i hou ike na kanaka a puni ia, hoikeia mai hallucinations a me delusions. E hoʻomōhala ke kāʻili 'ana e hele i loko o ka coma, akā, ma muli o ka lōlō o ka naehana konu, make ia lŘlŘ hikiwawe loa. Most ikepili koʻikoʻi i loa nā māhele o nā keiki - kā lākou lethal mahele lāʻau mea 6-10 mg.

Scopolamine structurally like i ka atropine, akā, ma ka Akä naÿe no ka mea, ua hoakaka puleʻAmelika, inhibitory 'ole ma o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, e hana me he kiaha dala. Keia waiwai ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana o ka lapaau - scopolamine ua hoʻohana' ia i loko o ka likeʻole ma o kāna hana o ka vestibular'ōnaehana - pōniuniu, hoʻopōʻino gait a me ka koena, e pale aku i ke kūpono 'ana o ke kai a me ka ea maʻi.

Anticholinergic ai 'i komo i loko o ka "Aeron," He lāʻau i ua pinepine i hoʻohana mua o ka mai ana mai huakaʻi ma airplanes a me na moku. Hana o na papa io mau no e pili ana i 6 hora. Aia netabletirovannaya palapala - transdermal pākōlea'ōnaehana - puna, a ua tuko i ma luna o ka pepeiao, a hookuu aku oia i ka lāʻau ma luna o 72 hola. Mau anticholinergic ai '- antidepressants, ma ka loa holomua manawa kōkua i koke e hoala i ka uhane o nā mea maʻi e noho ana i loko o maʻi kaumaha.

Ipratropium bromide ( "Atrovent") - he bronchodilator. I ka inhalation hoʻohana kokoke i paka i loko o ke koko, a, aohe systemic loa. Aie i ka blockade o cholinergic receptors o'ōlohelohe nāʻiʻo o nā bronchiʻo ia kā lākou? Anoe? Aiey. Mau anticholinergics loaʻa me ka pāʻoihana no ka aerosol inhaler, a me ka heihei 'auʻau a me ka mea mana i loko o bronchial asthma a me ka COPD. ʻaoʻao 'ole - nausea a me ka maloo waha.

Tiotropium bromide - anticholinergic ai 'ma luna o ka waiwai like i ka ipratropium bromide. Ua ua hua mai i loko o ka palapala o ka lepo no ka inhalation. A kiʻiona hiʻona o keia k mea ia ia mea oi maoli nō hopena ma cholinergic receptors, nolaila, Ua oi mana ma mua o ipratropium bromide. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o nā mea maʻi me ka COPD.

Platifillin - Araneus alkaloid. Haʻalele nā anticholinergics, platifillin hiki ke dilate na moku koko. Aie i keia waiwai, he mea he hōʻemi iki emi i loko o ke koko,. Ka lāʻau 'Ua hookuu i ka pāʻoihana a me ka rectal suppositories. Pili me spasms ma laumania nāʻiʻo o na nā loko, ake a me kaʻaʻa puʻuwai colic, asthma, e like me ka eha, kena ae la ia e spasm me ka huʻi gastric ulcer a me duodenal ulcer. Ma ophthalmological hana platifillin hoʻohana i loko o ka palapala o ka maka kulu no dilated haumana.

Pirenzepine - preferentially ālai 'ka'ōpū aeee i paka histamine. Ma ka hoemi histamine hoʻokuʻu ho'ēmi i kā auaaeaiea o hydrochloricʻakika. Ke mau pākōlea nā māhele, keia k iʻaneʻane ole ia i na haumana a me Kal, no laila, holo nōhie pirenzepine ua lawe hōʻike waha 'ana no ka iapaau ana o gastric ulcer a me duodenal ulcer.

H holinoblokatory (ganglionic)

Keʻano papa hana o ka 'ana o ia ka anticholinergic konohiki o keia pae ka paleʻana i ke aloha o innervation a me ka parasympathetic nā aʻalolo ma aka wahi emi ka secretion o adrenaline a me ka noradrenaline, inhibit excitation o ka ÷ naehana hanu a me ka vasomotor waena. A, o ka mea i oi aku i ka aoao o ke kōkua aloha a parasympathetic innervations, ka oi maopopo laka hana.

No ka laʻana, i ka nui o na haumana ikaika parasympathetic innervation ololi - IeAUPIIe, IAa IO haumana nō kāu hou. Ma keia hihia, holinoblokatory e loli i ka parasympathetic ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana - like me ka hopena o na haumana i dilated. ʻaneʻane a pau o nā ipu a pau i ke koko ma lalo o ka aoao o ke aloha o ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana - ai 'hoʻopau kona keiki, a dilate ipu koko, ma muli o ia i ka'aloʻahiʻa ua hoemiia.

H holinoblokatory noho bronchodilatory ai, a ua hoʻohana no bronchial spasm, emi i ka leo o ka bladder, no laila, i kēia mau hiki ke hāʻawi ma anticholinergics pilikia urination. Eia kekahi, i kēia mau ai 'haahaa i ka maloko secretion glands, e like me' ūlōlohi mai ana i ka gastrointestinal'āpana motility. I ka 'inikua hana, hoʻohana kuhikuhi hypotensive hookoia, i komo ai i kēia mau anticholinergics. Ka papa inoa o ka ʻaoʻao 'ole mea nui:

• Ma ka hapa o ka digestive'āpana: maloo ka waha a me ka constipation.
• Mai ka naehana'ōnaehana: cough, kūloko ae hookaawale i ke hoano e.
• Mai ka CCC: arrhythmia, palpitations kaheaia. Mau symptoms mea pohihihi keia, a ua hiki wawe ka eliminated.
• Other 'ole e emi pilikia makapō acuity, i ke kūpono' ana o ka huʻi palapala o ka glaucoma, edema.

Contraindications i ka hoʻohana 'ana i anticholinergic ai'

• Hypersensitivity i nā mea loaʻa o ka atropine a me nā eiiiiiaiou o na hoomakaukau.
• Hāpai keiki (ka oi aku 1 trimester).
• Lactation.
• Children ka makahiki (pili contraindication).
• Loa contraindicated ana o ka ai 'ma ka huina-panina glaucoma i loko o nā mea maʻi me kaʻaʻa puʻuwai hoʻokō' ole 'mea pono e akahele kanaka hoʻoponopono i ka moku'āina o ke koko a me ka mimi.