Benthos - he ... Plankton, nekton, benthos

Plankton, nekton, benthos -ʻekolu pūʻulu e hiki ke kaana a pau wai i hanaʻi. Plankton līoho palapala a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi i e lana kokoke i ka waiʻili. Nekton ninoieo o nā holoholona i 'Imi au a me he tutua kai i loko o ka wai e, ka mea,' o ka iʻa, kuhukukū,'ō koholā, mano a me na mea e ae. Benthos - nā meaola e noho ana ma ka lalo papa o ka wai kaianoho koholā. Ua nā holoholona, ecologically pili i ka lalo, e nā mea he nui echinoderms, demersal iʻa, crustaceans, molluscs, annelids , a no laila, ma luna o.

Ano o ka meaola kai

Meaola holoholona i māheleʻia i loko oʻekolu pūʻulu: plankton, nekton, benthos. Zooplankton a hooku iho la naulu la na holoholona i mea IeAUPIIe, IAa IO uuku ma ka nui, akā, hiki ke ulu i ka nui loa o ka nui (e like me, jellyfish). Zooplankton hiki no hoi loaʻa he pokole larval ano o ka meaola i hiki ulu mai, a haʻalele i ka plankton ke kaiāulu, a hui pūʻulu e like me nekton, benthos.

Nekton papa hana i ka nui loa o na holoholona e noho ana i loko o ka moana. Aʻano o ka iʻa,ʻAiʻAi,'ō koholā,'īnikiniki, Dolphins, a me ka hee - a pau ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka nekton. Kēia mea, he akea-HEN waeʻano ka loaʻa o ka helu o ka loa kekahi mau mea i mea nui okoa mai kekahi i kekahi, ma na mea he nui ana hoʻohālike.

He aha ka na benthos? Ke kolu o kaʻano o ka meaola holoholona e pana aku au i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa ma o ka papakü. Kēia hui nā lobsters, starfish, na ilo, e ikuwa ana, oysters, a he nui na mea e ae. Kekahi o kēia mau mea, e like me lobsters a e ikuwa ana ke neʻe kū kaʻawale ma ka lalo, akā, i ko lākouʻaoʻao o ke ola ua ikaika pili i ka moana lalo, i ka mea hiki ole ola aku, mai kēia kaiapuni. Benthos - nā meaola e noho ma luna o ka moana a me nā mea kanu, a me nā holoholona koʻohune.

Plankton - o ka loa e like me ka ano o ke ola i loko o ka wai i hoʻolilo 'ia

A hiki aku oe i manao ke ola i loko o ka moana, ka mea, ke i hookuu i na ahahui ma kekahi ala e pili ana i ka iʻa,ʻoiai ma ka mea o ka iʻa - i ka loa e like me ka ano o ke ola i loko o ka moana. Ka nui loa pūʻulu o ka plankton. Ka mea'ē aʻeʻelua pūʻulu - nekton ( 'Imi holo holoholona) a me ka benthic (ola meaola noho i ka lalo).

Ka hapanui o? Ueo o plankton ua ikaika uuku, e ike i ka maka kapa ole.

Aia i mau papa kuhikuhiE ano o ka plankton

• Phytoplankton, a produces ai ma kāʻamaʻai. Ka hapa nui o ia meaʻokoʻa ka līoho.
• Zooplankton, a hānai ma phytoplankton. Ua nā He wahi holoholona a me ka iʻa larvae.

Plankton: mau 'ike

Plankton - microscopic poʻe e noho lā ma ka pelagic kaiapuni. Ka mea,ʻo ka mea nui eiiiiiaiou o ka meaʻai kaula ma ka wai a puni, e like me ka mea i kino no nektonic (crustaceans, ka iʻa a me ka hee) a me benthos (kai huahuakai). Lakou no hoi i ka global hopena ma luna o ka biosphere, e like me ke koena o ko ka Honua ka lewa eiiiiiaiou pili kēia hilinaʻi nui ma luna o lākou photosynthetic haʻawina.

Kaʻia "plankton" hele mai ana, mai ka Helene Planktos, a 'o ia hoʻi "hele hewa ia" a me "naulu la". Ka hapa nui o ka plankton ka hāhai i kona ola ana, lana me ka moana paialewa. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole i ke ano o ka adrift, he nui na ano apau loa e ka pāʻana i ko lākou neʻe, a me kā lākou ola hilinaʻi nui aneane loa ma luna o lākou kuokoa.

Ana a me ka poeikohoia o ka plankton

I nui plankton loli aʻe mai ka moku microbes lōʻihi o ka i mea 1 micrometer e jellyfish nona gelatinous bele hiki e mai i ka 2 mika ma ka laula, a me na tentacles hiki ana aku ma mua o 15 mau mika. Naʻe, ka hapanui o planktonic meaola nā holoholona emi o 1 millimeter ka lōʻihi. Lakou nei i ka lilo ana o māhuaola i loko o ka wai kai, a ma kāʻamaʻai.

Me ka Poeikohoia o plankton mea he ākeaʻano o nā meaola, e like me ka līoho, koʻohune, protozoa, larva o kekahi holoholona, a crustaceans. Most planktonic protists i eukaryotes,ʻano nui unicellular meaola. Plankton hiki ke maheleia i phytoplankton, zooplankton a me microorganisms (koʻohune). Phytoplankton hanaʻia kāʻamaʻai a me ka zooplankton poe heterotrophic nā mea kūʻai mai.

nekton

Me ka Poeikohoia o nekton e hana swimmers, a he pinepine ka loa ike meaola i loko o meaola wai. Mau mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE Moana ma loa meaola ai na kaula. mau i ka likeʻole ma waena o ka nekton a me ka plankton i ole pahi. nui holoholona He nui (e laʻa me, punanā) pana aku au i kā lākou larval ke kahua ma ka palapala o ka plankton, ka mea makua ke kahua me ka lā nui a me kaʻeleu nekton.

Ke uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o nekton i vertebrates, keia iʻa, kolo, mammals, molluscs a me crustaceans. Ka nui loa pūʻulu ninoieo o ka iʻa, huina loaʻa nō ka hola 16.000? Ueo. Nekton me nā mea a pau o ka hohonu a me ka laula o ke kai. Whales, penguins, sila i typical 'elele nektonic ma Polar wai. Ke ano nui o ka nekton i loaʻa i loko o Tropical wai.

Ka loa nā palapala o ke ola a me kona aneiai cia

Kēia nā pū i ka nui ieaeiieoa? Ma ka Honua Honua, ka uliuli okohola, i ulu mai i 25-30 mau mika ma ka lōʻihi. Kēia mau kānaka nunui, e like me nā baleen'ō koholā hanai ma plankton a me ka micronekton. Ka nui loa 'elele o ka nekton e okohola mano, a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 17 mika, e like me ka ka niho o'ō koholā (orcas), ka nui keʻokeʻo mano, tiga mano, bluefin punanā hua, a me na mea e ae.

Nekton o ke kumu o koʻa a puni ka honua. Anchovies, herring, Saredio i nuiʻana ma waena o kekahi-hapaha i kekahi-kolu o ka makahiki e ohi ai ana o ke kai. Hoʻokele waiwai waiwai nekton mea i hee. Halibut a me ka'iʻa i demersal iʻa, a i kalepa waiwai like ai na kanaka. E like me ka rula, ka mea, noʻu nō nā wai o ka Hawaiian holopapa.

benthos

He aha ka ke ano o ka hua'ōlelo "benthos"? Kaʻia "benthos" hele mai ana, mai ka Helene noun bentos, a 'o ia hoʻi "hohonu o ke kai." Kēia manaʻo ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kālaimeaola e wehewehe mai i ke anaina kanaka o ka meaola i ka seabed, like hoʻi me ka freshwater kino me ic ??, muliwai a me nā kahawai.

Benthic meaola hiki e hoʻolaha e like me ka nui. E nā macrobenthos meaola nui ma mua o 1 millimeter. Kēia mea he okoa gastropods, bivalves, kai nā līlia, predatory kai hoku, a e ikuwa ana. Meaola me ka nui like 'ole HEN, mai 0,1 a hiki i 1 mm o i nui microbes Hoʻohaku ma laloʻai nā kaula hao, lawelawe i ke kūlana o ka biogenic neoneo wela, i ka iniiaiie huahana a me Moana. Ka waeʻano nā microbenthos meaola uuku o 1 millimeter, ia diatoms, koʻohune, a me ciliates. 'Aʻole i pau benthic meaola e noho ana i loko o ka sediment, kekahi kaiaulu noho ma kahi pohaku substrates.

Aia i ekoluʻano o ka benthic

1. Infauna - meaola e noho ma luna o ka papakü, kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ke one a peʻe i ka leho. Ka mea, i nui loa i kaupalena 'ia ka hoʻoneʻe, e noho ana i loko o ka sediment e olohelohe ia lakou i ka hoʻolilo' ia a i loa o ka lōʻihi ola expectancy. Mau nā kai leho a me keʻano o ka pūpū.
2. Epifauna ke ola a me ka neʻe ana ma luna o ka ili o ka seabed, e a lakou i i pili. Lakou ola ma ka hoʻopili i ka pohaku a me sediments a neʻe loa ma ka ili honua. Ua huahuakai, oysters, e ikuwa ana, starfish a me ka pāpaʻi.
3. Meaola e noho ma luna o ka papakü, akā, hiki no hoi au i loko o ka wai ma luna o ia. Mau nā pahee lalo iʻa - puffers, flounder hoʻohana crustaceans a me nā ilo like me ka ai kahi.

I ka pili ma waena o ka pelagic a me ka benthic 'ia

Benthos - meaola i pāʻani i ka nui kūlana i loko o ka meaola liluwelo kaiāulu. Benthic? Ueo i ka holoholona ano pūʻulu, i mea no ka papa kuhikuhiE loulou i loko o ka meaʻai kaulahao. Ka mea, wae i ka wai i loko o ka huli ana o ka ai hoʻokomo kālā i ka weheʻana a me ke aloha 'ona, i laila hoomaemae i ka wai. Ma ka lalo o ka moana a me ka moana i waihoia ua hanaʻole ke aloha mau mea, i mea laila, hoʻokō ', a hoi aku la i benthic meaola i loko o ka wai kolamu. Kēia kaʻina hana o ka mineralization o ke aloha mea mea nui he kumu o ka mahuaola, a meaʻano nui e hōʻoia i ka kiʻekiʻe iniiaiie i? Iecaianoaaiiuo.

I ka manaÿo o ka pelagic a me benthic hana kūpono i interrelated ma na mea he nui ana hoʻohālike. No ka laʻana, ka mea pelagic plankton i nui ka kumu o ka ai no na holoholona e noho ana ma ka pahee a me kahi paaa. Anemone a barnacles malama like maoli Kānana puni ka wai. Ho okumu pelagic i hoʻolilo 'lawe i ua mai ma ka lalo ma moulting crustacean huahana a me ka hoonohonoho hou ana o make plankton. Over manawa, i ka plankton pepa meaola sediments like fossils, a i hoʻohana e hoʻoholo i ka makahiki a me ka kumu o ka pōhaku.

i hoʻolaha wai meaola e like me kā lākou kaianoho koholā. ʻepekema, i ka kaianoho koholā o kēia mau holoholona i ka walaau ole hopena ma luna o lākou evolution. A, ka hapanui o ia mau pono hakuloli i ke ola i loko o ka ua 'ia e noho ai. He aha ka ka papa likeʻole ma waena o nā nā pūʻulu, i kapaia o plankton, benthos a me ka nekton?

Plankton - microscopic a uuku holoholona ma e like me nāʻano'ē aʻeʻelua. Nekton ua haawi wale ia lana holoholona. He aha ka na benthos? Kēia nā pehea e neʻe ke alalai ole, a me ka poe meaola i e ole ho i ko lakou ola me ka papakü. He aha e pili ana i meaola e ola ka hapanui ma ka lalo, akā, i ke au -ʻAiʻAi, sawfish, flounder? I na ano o ke ola i pono ke kapaʻia nektobentosom.