Social differentiation: He aha ka kona manaʻo no kēia lehulehu?

Ma ka XIX kenekulia ka mea, ua hohola na manao ma ka pili nohona o ka hui, e like me a ka papa ana no ka hoomaopopo ana i ka nohona differentiation i pili i nā mea o ka i? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Ma kekahi, keia manao ua Marxism. Eia naʻe, kona theorists ua noho kaʻawale,ʻaʻole wale nō papa, akā, i ka, ahu iho i loko o kēlā me kēia papa (no ka laʻana, uuku, meakino a me ka nui bourgeoisie), pela emphasizing mea like ole a me ka loa i ano o kekahi pae ana o kanaka. Naʻe, manaoio iho la lakou i ka mea e e lanakila, a me ka ua i ka papa, o ka proletariat, e pāʻani i kēia huakaʻi ma ka mōʻaukala.

manaʻo hoʻomohala Akä naÿe, papa kumumanaʻo, ma muli o ka ia nohona differentiation i wahahee. I ka mea kākau o kēia stratification kumumanaʻo ua Pitirim Sorokin. He nui ka holoʻokoʻa nenoaiie o na hoailona a me nā ana hoʻohālike o ka lawelawe stratification, ho okumu i ka 'ole o ka nohona meaola. Sorokin ike okoa univariate a me ka multivariate stratification, i ka mea, o ka papa o ke kaiāulu i loko o nā pūʻulu e like me "strata" o kekahi hiʻona a me ka pau 'ia o ia mau mea. He pili ana i kēia mau strata ma na ano hiʻona i hana, makahiki, e noho aku ana, ka hoʻonaʻauao, manaʻoʻike kāna moʻolelo, kahuna & okua ia, hana mika, a he nui na mea e ae. He nui Contemporary sociologists manaoio stratum waihona ipu, a "pau" hehee ai o ka nohona.

ʻepekema mea i pili i loko o ka hopena o ke kanaka a me ka nohona differentiation o ke kaiāulu i pehea nānā 'ana i ka mahele i loko o strata. Lakou mau hōʻailona i ka manawa kūpono o ka hoʻololi mai kekahi pae i kekahi (papamoe ka hoʻoneʻe), e like me loko o ka papa (vertical), no kekahi, i elua a oi hanauna, highlighting i waena o lākou i nā pā kula a me ka kaulele ka hoʻoneʻe. Ma këia i ka pilikia o ka stratification kūlana nui hoʻokani ma ka kumumanaʻo o Max Weber. He manaoio aku i ka like ole ma waena o nā pūʻulu o kanaka mea pono,ʻaʻole wale nō ke kōkua o ke aupuni waiwai, ka mana a me ka kānāwai, akā, i ka nohona nā hoailona - ke kūlana a me ka prestige. E like me ia Weber, kēlā pūʻulu mea hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o ka kekahi kaila o ke ola -ʻano, lauana, nā loina.

Aʻo mau hae i IeXAaAeAaIEN ~ i ka hana ana o kanaka ma ka lehulehu'ōnaehana, e like me ka nohona differentiation e loli ai lākou kūlana, i hana akeakamai a me sociologists e like me Lyndon a me Mead. Oia eiiiiiaiou o ke kūlana nohona, me he stereotype a me ka prestige, e kanaka kūponoʻia kaʻana ma kā lākou pae, e Loiloi i kekahi kanaka a me ka hanana (e like me, he momoku ahi kapa e kuai, ina paha e hoouna aku kā lākou mau keiki i Yelky University, ka mea makemake ia e i ka palapala-Royce a Mercedes ). Inā he kanaka manao e pakele o ke kūlana i hookauia iho, e like me ka rula, ka mea, ua manaoio aku i ka mea i nalowale prestige, a ua hiki ke hoopili i kona pōʻai nā ho'āpono.

Social differentiation i loko o kēia mau hihia huli i loko o ka naoh pae, aʻo ka mea a pau ke kaiāulu ma ke kumu paha o ka hana, a "aole" e hooko aku i ka 'upu' ana o like me ka nui maliuʻia kūmau a me nā loina. Oia nā ho'āpono paha e loaʻa ma lalo o ke kānāwai, a me kekahi manawa ka mea, i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka aoao, noho pono a me ka hoʻomana. He mea oi loa aku hoi ano o ka loina hui, ka wā e hele aku ka mea, i loko o ka papa o ke ahiahi, he physical hana - pepehi ana, o ka make uku, a me lynch lynching, hale paʻahao. Ma nā hihia, pili aneiai nā ho'āpono e like me nā uku haʻakiu a me ka haoʻana o ka waiwai. Akā, ma ka hapanui o kēia'āina uaʻano nui kaupalena 'ia huapalapala o ka hoike disrespect.

Ke AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o ka lawelawe mau manamana, kūlana, nā ho'āpono, prestige, a me nā mea maomeka ua këia i ka kūikawā ka hoʻopaʻi, interactionism. Kēlā me kēia no kēia mau pūʻulu, e olelo aku nei nä känaka 'epekema, hana kona mau "honua" kahi pena "ola kōmi'ōkuhi" kekahi mau hana, i kekahi mau kapa. Aia He oiaio, he nohona differentiation o ka 'ōlelo ua loaʻa ma na oko ma waena o nui pūʻulu o nā kanaka i loko o ke kula' oihana a hui kālepa. Akā, ua lani a i lolelua ka. A o ka poe a lehulehu hanana'ē aʻe, o ka oi aku nui-me ka unahiʻole, mana kanaka e rethink ko lākou kūlana, a e kekahi manawa loa unexpected hana. No laila, i ka loli ma ka ninau honua i loko i ke kūlana o ka lānai hou i mahele.