Lysosomes - ka halepaahao o "medics"

Na mea ola a aeea i ka lākou o nā hale e hāʻawi aku iā ia i ka manawa kūpono, e hōʻike i nā waiwai o ka meaola ola. I mea e hana pono, o ka halepaahao pono e lawa ka mahuaola e uhai ia, a hookuu aku i ko lakou ikehu, a ua laila, e hele ma ke ola kākoʻo keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

Ma ke kahua mua o ka luna 'keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ka ikehu'ōnaehana lysosomes aeee i otshnurovyvayutsya na kihi flattened dictyosomes poʻina nalu (Golgi).

Pehea e na lysosomes

Lysosomes - He odnomembrannye bipi keiki spherical anawaena o ka mai 0.2 hiki i 2 microns, a ua puni i loko o ka luna 'o hydrolytic nā'ūhū. nō ka mea hiki ke hoopili i kekahi maoli pīlali a waiwai luna '' ole, hāʻule i loko o ka halepaahao me ka nutrient kūpapakū paha he haole hope paha:

• nā polokina a me polypeptides;
• polysaccharides (pia, dextrin, glycogen);
• nukelea nāʻakika;
• lipids.

Kēia ka hoʻokōʻana hiki i kahi o 40ʻano o nā'ūhū na ma lysosomes'ōpū mai, a ma kaʻaoʻao ma loko o kaʻili lahilahi i loko o adherent moku'āina.

kemika lysosomes

ʻili lahilahi puni ka lysosome, i malama organelles a me nā kelepona hele eiiiiiaiou o ka digesting'ūhū luna '. Akā, i loko o ka Oe nā nā'ūhū a pau i kumuʻiʻo kêia kanaka, no ke aha la ka mea, i ole Wāwahi ma proteases?

Ka mea mea i loko o ka lysosome nā'ūhū i glycosylated moku'āina. Kēia carbohydrate "iwi" hana ia poorly recognizable i proteolytic nā'ūhū.

Naoh meakino i loko o ka lysosomes mea weaklyʻakika (pH 4.5-5), ma ka Akä naÿe i aneane'ākilikai hyaloplasm. Ua hana 'ano kūpono no ka hana ana o nā'ūhū, a hoohana ae la o H ⁺ -ATPase, i EII ni protons loko organelles.

Ka huli ana kaʻina lysosome

Morphologically ma ka halepaahao i elua papa kuhikuhi ano o lysosomes - iniiaiie a me nā haumāna.

N lysosomes - mea liʻiliʻi Oe, a ala apuupuu-oi lua, hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka pahu Golgi luna '. Ka mea, iloko o ka lākou o hydrolytic nā'ūhū ma luna o ka mua i hana membranes granular (roughened) EPR. Prior omo o nutrient kūpapakū lysosomes i loko o ka AEeOEXAaI palapala.

I ka hoʻomaka 'ana i loko o ka lysosome nā'ūhū i, e kuai i ai (particles) a me ke kinowai. Kēia ka hana i loko o nāʻaoʻao:

1. By autophagy, kahi ai (particles) e ke kemu ma ka lysosome, mai ka puni cytoplasm. I kaʻili lahilahi organelles invaginates ka wahi o ka hui 'ana me ka huna a me kona mauʻano i endocytic vesicle, a laila, otshnurovyvaetsya loko lysosomes.
2. Ma geterofagii ka wā lysosome merges me endocytic vesicles, hookahi ma ka cytoplasm o ka halepaahao ma muli o ke omo o ka puaʻa hiwa a me ke kinowai, mai ka waho.

Secondary lysosomes - keia vesicles i loaʻa i nā nā'ūhū a me kūpapakū no digestion. Ka mea, i wehewehe aku e hydrolytic hana i olelo ia, a hua mai la i ka hopena o ke omo o ka iniiaiie kūpapakū lysosome.

Me ka mea kuleana pili i ka ho'ēmi i lysosomal digestion (cleavage) o ka paa (particles) a me ke aloha solutes, kaʻina kohoʻia ua hoakaka ia ma ka hiki ana o kiʻekiʻe lysosomes:

• merge me iniiaiie lysosomes, a lawe mai i ka hou'ōhui o nā'ūhū;
• coalesce me ka hou ka ai (particles) a endocytotic vesicles ka malama ana kaʻina cleavage;
• merge me nā kiʻekiʻe lysosomes, ho okumu i ka nui 'ole hiki ke Komo' o ia 'ē aʻe aeea organelles;
• ka hoʻokemu pinocytic vesicles ulu i loko o multivesicular kino.

Ka 'ole o nā lysosomes ana i fundamentally hoʻololi. IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ia wale ulu i loko o ka nui.

Other ano o lysosomes

I kekahi manawa, splitting loaa i loko o ka lysosome waiwai mea,ʻaʻole hiki i ka hopena. Undigested (particles) e i wehe 'ia mai ka organelle, a loaa i loko o laila. Ma hope iho o ka hoolako ana o hydrolytic nā'ūhū ua depleted, olelo hoopomaikai, a ua hoʻopōaiapuni maʻiʻo, me ka 'ole o ka lysosome i oi eiiieaena, pona. Ka mea, hiki ke waiho i pigment waiwai. Lysosome hoohuliia mai i ke koena kino.

A laila bipi koena noho i loko o ka halepaahao a wehe 'ia mea ma ka exocytosis.

Ma protists keena hiki ke loaʻa autophagosomes. Ma ko lakou ano, ka mea e pili ana i ke kula kiʻekiʻe lysosomes. Loko kēia mau organelles i loaʻa i koe o ka nui eiiiiiaiou o ka halepaahao, a cytoplasmic hale. Ka mea i hanaʻia ma ke kelepona hele poino, kūnewa a me ke kelepona hele organelles i no ka hoʻopōʻaiapuni eiiiiiaiou o ka halepaahao, ka hoʻokuʻu 'na monomers.

Lysosome hana i loko o ka halepaahao

Lysosomes kuhikuhi hoʻolako pono aeea? Ieoaeunoaa mea depolimerizuya waiwai trapped ma loko o laila.

I ka hālāwai hope o carbohydrates mea nui ka loulou ma ka ikehu pūnao o keena ma ka haawi i ka kūpapakū no ka huli ana i loko o ka mitochondria.

Lysosomes - ia mea i ka hoomalu loulou i loko o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana:

1. Ma hope iho o ka phagocytosis o koʻohune ma leucocytes, lysosomes ninini aku au i kona Contents i loko o ka lua o ka phagocytic vesicle, a ua luku aku nā palapala microorganisms.
2. Hookuu aku oia i proteolytic nā'ūhū ma apoptosis - hanaʻia aeea make.
3. Hoolilo o ka pōʻino, ua make, a "wā luwahine" aeea organelles.

Ma ka hui pu ana me ke kelepona hele ka hoʻonuiʻana, lysosomes komo 'ana i loko o ka hoʻopōʻaiapuni o nā hale hoʻolako IeAIIeXIAaIEN meaola.