He aha ka ka polarization o ka malamalama?

Inā cloudless Akuma ka lā, e nānā i ka lani, i ka malamalama aiai alohilohi uliuli Dome o ka lani, e haʻalele kekahi indifferent. He aha wehewehe ia he kupanaha ano? Kona kumu o ka ekolu, ao ke ano - refraction, ka ua nui a me ka polarization. I keia la o ka pepa, ua kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka pono o ka polarization o ka malamalama.

Light o kekahi o na ano o electromagnetic a pāhawewe, no laila, ua wehewehe aku ma ke kumu a me ka ao ao o. A, kekahi e mai poina e pili ana i kona pālua maoli: i kekahi hihia, e like me ua oleloia, o ka nalu, a ma ka 'ē aʻe - huna (photon). Polarization o ka malamalama - o kekahi o ka waiwai o kekahi pāhawewe i loko o ka'ōnohi laulā. I ka wā o ka polarization fluctuations o ka malamalama kaola o (particles) kuhikuhi ma ka transverseʻili, e lawe mai i kekahi a me ka ia pelane. Other eiiiiiaiou iʻoki.

Ke easiest ala e maopopo i ka hana o ka mea ka polarization o ka malamalama. Ho i ka lōʻihi kaula manaʻo horizontally ma waena o nā mau wahi. Ke kaula, a hele ma ka vertical kau i loko o ka una honua-pale kaua. Ano, ina kekahiʻaoʻao o ka mea eʻohi mai a me ka palapala ale, ka mea hiki ke ku pono ka hopena wale nō i loko o ka hanana i i ua kūponoʻia me ka slit i loko o ka pale kaua, 'o ia hoʻi, hoʻopapakū. Ka wā e ho'āʻo e hoʻoneʻe i ke kaula, horizontally (hema-pono) nalu e e hoopai mai i ka wa i hiki ole i ka pale kaua, no ka mea, ka mea hana ole "laila kaomi" ma kahi nahā i. Ma keia hana, he kaula, - he electromagnetic a pāhawewe pale kaua - He aniani moakaka (a translucent meakino), a me ka nahā i - kekahi waiwai o ka meakino.

No ka malamalama - o ka hawewe electromagnetic, e hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka uila a me kaʻume mākenēki pinepine 'vectors. Ka mea, e mau p ÷ haku i kekahi i kekahi, a, ma ka hou, hana i ka notional pelane p ÷ haku i ka laina o propagation ka nalu. Incidentally, ia lŘlŘ ka hoʻopoepoe polarization o ka malamalama, inā e ke ka ao na vectors oʻume mākenēki hoʻokomo a me ka uila kahua kuhikuhi e pili ana i ka malamalama mea ulana lole. I huli ai oe, o ka oscillations o ka maʻi lele ana o ka uila kahua pinepine ' i loko o ka hookahi pelane o pelane polarized hawewe electromagnetic ia lŘlŘ. Kona waena i ka inoa hōʻikeʻana i ka ia kaʻina - ". Linearly polarized" i ka

Interestingly, ka pāhawewe o nā'ātoma o ka hookahi quantum o ka malamalama ua mau polarized. I ka Ia manawa, i ka luminous koko o ke kukui, lā, kukui, flashlights, a pela aku. Unpolarized. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i ka pāhawewe hele mai ana, mai kaʻano o nā'ātoma, ma a ka polarization mea okoa. Alaila, o ka huina o pele haalele i kohoʻia. Polarization o ka malamalama i ka mea i nui hilinaʻi nui ma luna o nā 'ano o ka waiwai a me ka hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha o nā'ātoma i loko o kona aniani puka olu oia i (no ka puaʻa hiwa, e laʻa me, ka aniani moakaka nā pōaka). Incidentally, Ua i ka mua ho'āʻo me na nā pōaka, a wale laila, ua ukuʻepekema hoʻolohe i ka gaseous 'ia (lewa). He oluolu ke ike i ka mea i ka polarization o ka malamalama e kaukaʻi ma luna o ka wahi o ka kilo (mīkiniʻimi, he photocell, etc.). Ke'ī mai, mahuahua ka huina ma waena o ka olelo o ka malamalama kumu, a me ka maʻi lele e hoike ana i ka olelo o ka mea nana i ulana, ke polarization maoli. Inā nāʻaoʻao i ia laua, ma lalo o maikaʻi rula, aohe mea nana e polarization.

Aia mea no hoi i ke kolu oʻano - hapa 'ia' polarized malamalama koko. Ua hoʻonohonohoʻia ia lŘlŘ ka wā o ka predominant oscillation uila kahua oleʻume mākenēki hoʻokomo (o vectors).

A 'ike mea: ke kanaka maka hiki wale maopopo ma waena o nā kōā (ʻano kēia lākiō o ka malamalama) a me ka pinepine', akā, i ka polarization kakau Ua loaʻa kahiko o ka'āina. I ka Ia manawa, nui nā mea kolo me ka hui maka hemolele maopopo i ka polarization o ka nalu. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka mea e kokua ia e hoʻokele.