I ka manaʻo o ka 'biosphere'. 'ole o ka biosphere

He 'atikala hoʻolauna iā' oe i ka manaʻo o "biosphere",ʻo ia e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka mea o ka 'ole o ka biosphere.

Kaʻia "biosphere" ua literally unuhi like me ka "poepoe o ke ola." Ua Ua mua wahahee i loko o 'epekema'Aukekulia nä känaka' epekema Eduard Zyuss i ka 1875. Biologist Zh. B. Lamark hope ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia i nā mea a pau i nā kumu mua i lilo i ka pńpa ma luna o ka ili o ka poepoe honua i ua hanaʻia ma muli o ia i ka ha awina o ke ola meaola. ʻO kēia ka hoohalike ana o ka manaʻo o "biosphere" hoʻohuʻu ke ano o ka iwi o ka Honua, ma a loaʻa nō nā mea a pau e ola ana meaola, a ua noke interacting me ia hakina o ka waiwai o ka Honua. Kona ho okumu hoomaka iho la ma kahi o 3,8 ieeeea? A £. Makahiki aku nei, iloko o ka hanau ana o ka mea mua i loko o ke ao nei o ka meaola. Biosphere, a me kona 'ole o kekahi o na kumu o ka hierarchical' ole o ke ano. I ka haku mele 'ana o kēia wahi komo i ka luna o ka lithosphere, hydrosphere, a me ka mea a pau lalo Hoʻohana o ka lewa.

Biosphere 'ole presupposes:

• Ola waiwai aha ka meaola ola i noho i ka Honua.
• Biogenic 'ona ua loaʻa i ka hana o ka meaola, i mea no ka hopena o ka aaioee a me ka pili ana meaola (ka lewa kinoea, kaʻaila, peat, lanahu, limestone, etc.). Mai ka hanau ana o ka mea mua meaola ola ka mea, lilo kekahi tausani o ka manawa ma kā lākou nā loko, aeee, koko,'aʻaʻa ke ao nei i ka moana a pau, he nui loa o ka lewa, he nui nui o nā minelala hao.
• Inert waiwai nui, i hanaʻia me ka kōkua o ke ola meaola.
• Bioinert waiwai mai ana ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ole-liluwelo keʻano o ka hanaʻana a me ka nui aayoaeuiinoe o ola meaola, i he hōʻeuʻeu equilibrium o kekahi a me nā pono a pau o (yl, lepo, wauke weathering listen'ōlelo.). Ka mea, kūlana 'na alakai kulana o ke kino.
• A waiwai i mea i loko o ka moku'āina o radioactive ka palaho.
• Hele liʻiliʻi nā'ātoma i mau i kupu mai kekahi honua waiwai, e like me ka hopena o ka waiū i ka lewa pāhawewe.
• Waiwai unearthly, cosmic külana.

Kaawale, e pono e ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka au mamuli mua paukū meaʻaʻohe mea e like me ka' ole o ka biosphere. E noho nei mea o ka luna 'kino o ke ola meaola. Kona nuipa mea haʻahaʻa like i nā eiiiiiaiou o ka 'ole o ka wale 2.4 - 3,6 m 1012 na tona o ka maloo kaumaha. He hoʻokahi-millionth o ka hū o ka biosphere like me ka a pau, a ma ka huli mea emi mai o kekahi-thousandth hapa o ka hū o ka Honua. I loko nō ia o ka uuku kaumaha, ka mea, ua loa nui me ka kemikala ikaika o ka Honua, no ka mea, i ke kino, aole ia i wale lawe mai lākou e pōʻino oihana i loko o ka iwi, akā, no hoi i ka hopena ma luna o ka loli o ke kiʻi o ka Honua, a ua noho ma ka loa haoʻa. Emi olelo, e loaʻa ka mea, i loko o ka hohonu o ka lithosphere, a me ka lithosphere, ma ka nui kiʻekiʻe, a me ka pinepine noho i loko o ka lepo, ma luna o ka ili o ka Honua, a me ka luna papa o ka hydrosphere. Ke kahua o ko lakou haawi aku ua pili kēia manaʻo ma ka latitu.

'ole o ka biosphere, e like me VI Vernadsky, ka mea mua i hana i ke ao ana o ka biosphere, he ekolu eiiiiiaiou: aerobiosferu, gidrobiosferu a me ka geobiosferu.

Ma aerobiosfere ola meaola no ke ola a me ka papa kuhikuhiE hehee ai o ka lewa ona mau. Wai droplets i loko o ka lewa a me ka aerosol eiiiiiaiou, ala mai ka honua i ka ikehu kumu e pono ai ke ola ana o microorganisms ma ka oe subsphere. I huli ai oe, ka mea, ua maheleia (conditionally) ma subpodsfery - altobiosferu a me ka tropobiosferu.

Gidrobiosferu o ka wai a pau o ka Honua, a ua noho ma ka wai meaola. I ka Ia manawa gidrobiosfera he marinobiosferu (oceanic a me nā wai) a me ka akvabiosferu (Hawaiian wai).

I geobiosfere geobionty mea e pōʻino oihana no i ka mea e pono ai ke meakino mea terra firma.

Kanaka mai he mahuahua hopena ma luna o ka biosphere a me ka hana ana me ia, e kauoha ana irreversible loli i kela makahiki. I waena o kēia kaʻina ua kapaia "noosphere". Ke biosphere a me ka noosphere i kaumaha? Anoee ma kula: Vernadsky, Lysenko, Kumu Lepeshinsky, a he nui nā manaʻo nui i loko o Rusia, a ma kahi e aku.