Radioactivity - he mea pepehi hoomaikai ana

Pono ma luna o ke kenekulia aku nei i noʻonoʻo i ka uuku'Ātoma o maoli ai i hana (particles), kŰlń hanauna a me indivisible. Akā,ʻepekema manaʻo i ole e ku malie oukou, restless kanaka naʻau i imi hou e hookiekie ae i ka paku o ka mahuka ma luna o ka waiwai o na kumu mua. A me ka manawa, i ka pau ana o ka XIX kenekulia Farani physicist Becquerel, e mālama nei noiʻi o ka X-kukuna, accidentally lilo hoihoi i loko o ka pāhawewe kinoea ma ka uranium paʻakai. No laila, i ka 1896 i ka loaʻa o ke radioactivity - keia mea i ka loa maopopo hoike o ka divisibility o ka'Ātoma.

Ke scientific kaiaulu Ua ua nui pili i ka puka, a me ka Wiliau Hōkū o loea physicists hoolilo ia ia iho i këia mea. E like me ka mea huli mai, pinepine e lawe mai ma luna o ke kuahu o ka 'epekema lākou ola. Mahalo iā ia, ua e ike i ka radioactivity - he kŰia noho'na makaainana i ulu noho'na makaainana i ulu ea puka o kekahi mau (particles) e nuclei o kekahi kumu mua, i ka i no manawa o ka 'ōlelo e neʻe ana i ka okoa moku'āina, a me kā lākou mau mea kiko'î a ua hoʻololi.

Nā'ātoma o radioactive waiwai hoʻokuʻu akula (particles) a me ka electromagnetic a pāhawewe. Iwaena o lakou i na penei:

- Alpha (particles) (α) i ke kahe loa ionized helium nā'ātoma, hele i ka uku o ka 20 tausani km / mau, a me ka ua i ka hiki e komo iloko i loko o ka lewa i ka mamao o 10 knm E hoʻopaʻa i kēia mau (particles) mai penetrating i loko o ke kanaka kino e hiki lole, pepa, ili .. . Akā, penetrating i loko o ke kino, ka mea, i nui ka poino;

- Hoʻokolohua (particles) (β) - ka hookeai electrons (a positrons), i ka mea i kahe māmā holo kokoke i ka māmā holo o ka malamalama. Lākou anal nona iho ma ka lewa mea nui kiekie - mai i 5 - 20 m + A e hoopaa iho ia lakou ma ka Aluminum kuina kekahi mau millimeters manoanoa;

- gamma kukuna (γ) - i kupu mai ma nukelea hana kūleʻa a me ka loli '(particles) electromagnetic a pāhawewe me ka loa pōkole ke kōā. Na penetrating hiki ana o kēia 'ano o ka pāhawewe mea ai kiʻekiʻe i ka mea hiki ke paʻa wale nō i ka mānoanoa alakai kuina a ahu iho la ka pōhaku puna.

Ma ka helu o ka noho'na makaainana i ulu nukelea reactions ua kinoea'ākilikai (particles) - neutrons penetrating mana ka mea ma luna o kekahi mea i loko o γ-kukuna - ka mea, e hele ma ke kēpau-i i mau mika manoanoa.

Ua ua ike ia ka radioactivity - he waiwai i i e hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o ke ano o na kumu mua, a hiki ke loaʻa ma ke keʻena hoʻokolohua ki ina hana like. ʻimi hoʻopunipuni radioactivity Ua ike ia i loko o ka 30-ies o XX kenekulia.

Sources o maoli pāhawewe i na mea he nui. Ka mea, o ia ka Honua Honua, a me ka makahiki, a me nukelea mana mea kanu a me kā lākou neoneo, a me ka Nine Inch nā kumumea i loko o soils, a kukulu pono hana, a me ka helu o ka hale mau. Akā, i kēia kanaka ho'āʻo mai i ka manaʻo.

Aia i kekahi mau maalea, e hiki ana radioactivity huahelu i kekahiʻokoʻa. Ke kumu o pa alima - ka becquerel (Bq), e like me kekahi disintegration no kekona. Common Unit mea hoʻohana: X-kukuna, Curie. Ke kemu mahele lāʻau ua anaia mai ka manawa i loko o huahelu rad poʻo paha. Waiwai ma liluwelo meaola loiloi 'ia ma rem ole sievert.

Natural radioactive mea hoʻokuʻu akula (particles) bombarding mākou ma ke ola. Kekahi o na kumu o ka waiū mau hanaʻimi hoʻopunipuni hale - noho a me ka kālepa. O ka helu ana o maoli mea i kekahi ke kiekie kāʻei kua pāhawewe. No ka laʻana, ka radioactivity maoli o māpalaʻo ia ia i ka hale o ka oi ma mua o palua na radioactive (400 mrem / makahiki) ma mua o ka poʻe kūkulu o kaʻulaʻula nā pōhaku lepo,ʻEhā kā - i ka pōhaku puna. Liʻiliʻi loa o nā mea a pau i ka papa (particles) hoʻokuʻu akula i ka laau - i ka hale o ka mea, he 13 mau manawa emi radioactive ma mua o māpala.

Ka pomaikai i ka manaʻo kanaka radioactivity - Ua C. Brewer mea. Science, lāʻau lapaʻau, mahiʻai, ikehu, a he nui na hana i paakiki, e hana me ka radioactive isotopes. Akā, i ka wā o ka maluhia'Ātoma i kipi a huli i ka mea kaua, oia mea he hoʻoweliweli 'ana i ke ola ana o ko mākou Honua.