Gonadotropin-opa hōmona (GnRH): ka oi aku ai 'a me analogs

Gonadotropin-opa hōmona (GnRH) ua ike like me ka hōmona a ke hookuu aku oia luteinizing hōmona (LHRH) a lyuliberin a mea heʻakika'amino trophic hōmona kuleana no ke kala ana o FSH (follicle noho haumāna kahi hōmona), a (LH), luteinizing hōmona mai ka anterior pituitary. GnRH - he hōmona synthesized a kuu i loko o ka hypothalamus o GnRH neurons. Kēiaʻakika'amino no i ka ohana o ka gonadotropin-opa hōmona a me ko ka osinachalny mua hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal kahua. Keia pepa, e e hōʻike mai iā ia e like me ka hakaka o ka gonadotropin-opa hōmona.

'ole

Nobel laureates, Andrew V. Schally a me Rozhe Giymen wehewehe i ka 1977 nä 'ano GnRH: piroGlyu-Giese-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2. He aha mea, he pono ole ma ka hōʻike o peptides, ka ke kaʻina i haawiia mai N-Ka Nalu e C-Ka Nalu no kaʻakika'amino hōʻike, e like me ka mau, akā, i ka hae skip chirality inoa, A laila'ōlelo akula ia'amino nāʻakika i loko o ka L-shape i ke aupuni '. Ka luna hua h ÷ ailona i hae proteinogenic'amino nāʻakika. An koe o piroGlyu - pyroglutamicʻakika, he derivative o glutamicʻakika. Ma ka C-Ka Nalu NH2 Hōʻike i ke kaula welau karboksidaminom kahi o noa carboxylate.

hoʻololi kemikala

Ke precursor o gonadotropin-opa hōmona'ōewe GNRH1 ke aupuni 'o chromosome 8 8. Normal mammalian decapeptide synthesized 92'aminoʻakika mālama'-prohormone ma mua preoptic hypothalamus. He He pale kaua ia no kekahi'ōnaehana maomeka hooponopono ana i hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal iho (axis) inhibited ma ka hoʻoulu pae o estrogen i loko o ke kino.

functionality

Gonadotropin-opa hōmona ua pee i loko o ke koko o ka nū aa koko pituitary māhele o ka Media eminence. GnRH ua hoololiia no ka pituitary koko o ka nū aa koko i loaʻa ka gonadotropic keena kahi mau receptors haʻalele no GnRH mea loaʻa hōmona gonadotropin-ho opa, ehiku transmembrane receptors mea i conjugated me ka G-kumuʻiʻo a me ka noho haumāna kahi i ka Hoʻokolohua isoform phosphoinositide phospholipase C, i ae ai i ka mobilization o ke kumuʻiʻo kinase C a me ka kalipuna . Kēia hualoaʻa ma ka ho'ā hope o nā polokina i ka pae'āina ma ka secretion a me ka hoʻololi kemikala o na gonadotropins FSH a me ka LH. Ma proteolysis GnRH Wāwahi no kekahi mau minuke. E like me ke keiki, kona hope ka loa haʻahaʻa, mahuahua ma ka adolescence ole adolescence. Oka hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka reproductive papa pulsatility hope ua o loi e noho mana ana ma ka manaʻo loop. Akā, GnRH ha awina i hāpai keiki ka mea, i koi 'ia. Maʻi a dysfunction, e like me ke aloha poino a me ka poino type hypothalamus a pituitary hikoko hiki i undesired pulsatility hope. Ke kiekie prolactin pae emi i ka ha awina o GnRH, hyperinsulinemia a me ka mea ala a me ke kumu o ka haunaele o ka ha awina o FSH a me LH, e like me ka polycystic ovaries. Kallmana maʻi pale ua wehewehe aku ma ka wa e kaawale aku o GnRH hoʻololi kemikala.

neurohormones

GnRH hiki e wahi ana i na neurohormones. Hua mai la i gonadotropin-opa hōmona i loko o ka preoptic wahi ec ka hapanui o ka GnRH-pee neurons. Mau neurons originate i loko o ka nasal nā'aʻaʻa, a neʻe i i ka lolo ma loko o ka medial septum, a laila, hoopuehu i loko o ka hypothalamus pili me ka lōʻihi dendrites, oi aku 1 mm o lōʻihi. Ka hoʻononiakahi o GnRH hookuu aku ia i loko o puhi hui kōkua i ka paka i ka hookahi synaptic nā manaʻo. E ho ohana i ka helu o okoa transmitters e like me Gaba, glutamate a me ka norepinephrine hooponopono GnRH pee neurons. Narpimer, ma hope o hooko ana o ka progesterone-estrogen wahine dopamine stimulates ke kala o ka LH; a ovariectomized wahine dopamine hiki inhibit i ke kala o LH. Ka loa nui mea hoʻokonukonu o ke kalaʻana aku o GnRH Hana-peptin hiki e hooponopono no hoi ma ka estrogen. Naʻe, ua i ke ola ana o neuronal pee Hana-peptin a me ka haʻiʻana i ka Alpha a me ka estrogen receptors.

He nui e ike i ka mea agonists o ka gonadotropin-opa hōmona. Kēia 'atikala e ia i ka ike e pili ana ia.

Hopena ma luna o nā nā loko

Ke kūlana o GnRH poorly aʻo i loko o ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ke ola ma ka hou ana i ka pituitary gland a me ka hypothalamus. Aia ka he manawa kūpono i ka mea loaʻa he kanawai ma ka ke keka glands a me ke keiki no hoi GnRH receptors a me GnRH iho i ua loaʻa i loko o Ka maʻi 'aʻai keena, ovarian, endometrial, prostate, a me ka umauma.

Waiwai ma ka hana

I ka hana o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka hōmona GnRH ua kekahi iʻa. Ka ohana o cichlid ia iʻa e hoike ana i ka nohona dominance, Aʻike hoʻokāʻoi hooponopono o GnRH secretion, ka wā socially ikepili koʻikoʻi cichlids i ka hoemi hooponopono o GnRH secretion. Ka nui o na neurons e pee GnRH kalele iho ma luna o ka hana, a me ka nohona kaiapuni. More kane i kaawale nui nui pee GnRH neurons ches kane a emi kaʻawale. ? Aneii wahine no hoi i ka uuku nui o neurons ma mua i loko o ka mana pae wahine. Ua olelo no ka lawelawe rula o GnRH hōmona.

Agonists o gonadotropin-opa hōmona e kūkā mai ma lalo nei.

Lapaʻau noi

No ka iapaau ana o ka maʻi kanaka mua i hoakaka ia ma kona ano maoli GnRH like gonadorelin hydrochloride (Faktrel) a me ka diatsetattetragidrata gonadorelin (Tsistorelin). Hoʻololi 'GnRH dekapiptida' ole i alakai ai i ka hanaia'na o ke kū hoʻokahi, noho haumāna kahi a uhi gonadotropins e hooloihi hapa-ola. A me kēia mau kemikala analogs o ka hōmona maoli i auou caiaiai. Leuprorelin Analog hoʻohana no ka lapaʻau o endometriosis, umauma kartsiomy, prostate kartsiomy a me kekahi ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki o ka noiʻi, 1980, ma ka Vol. H. Komita lawelawe 'ia e Kauka Florence mai Yale University, no ka lapaau ana i precocious puberty, me ka ana infusion.

Gonadotropin-opa hōmona: ke kumu kuai

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Animal moe ana

Oko ao i kekahi, kena ae la ia e moe hana hope o GnRH. No ka laʻana, hoʻokāʻoi ÷ wahine moe 'ehaʻeha ka hua i loko o ka iliwai o GnRH. Ma keʻokeʻo-kau manu liilii he nui ae koi ke kanaka ma hope o hoike o GnRH, a ua hoʻokāʻoi 'ia ma mammals h ÷ moe hana i ka wahine, i hiki ke malama i ka lōʻihi-waʻa, keʻokeʻo-kuʻi shrew a me kona latent wā o ka emi i ka h ÷ ike i ka hope o ke kane a me ka neʻeʻana i loko o kona olelo ana i ka huelo. Ua hoʻokāʻoi aʻe ana i ka ha awina o ka testosterone kane mahuahua e GnRH testosterone luna maʻamau nui o ka ha awina. Mea hōʻemi GnRH hana ke kumu no ka aversive hopena physiology o nā'ōlelo a me ka maternal kolohe. Inā mākou i ka wahineʻiole iloko o ka maʻamau'ōnaehana o GnRH hoohalike, i ka wahine i oi hopohopo e pili ana i mamo ma mua me ka hoemi helu o neurons e 30%. Loa paha, i kēia mauʻiole, e haʻalele pups kaawale, kūpono ma ka hou i loaʻa iā lākou.

kauka holoholona noi

Where pili gonadotropin-opa hōmona? Ai 'hoʻohana' ia i loko o kauka holoholona lapaau like me ka laau no ka iapaau ana o cystic ovarian maʻi i loko o nā holoholona. A kemikala mea like a pau, deslorelin hoʻohana no kauka holoholona mana o reproductive hana ka hoʻohana 'ana i ke kanu pūʻia ana, a me ka malama aku kala hoʻomanaʻo.

E noonoo analogues o gonadotropin-opa hōmona.

Agonists a me ka hakaka ana o gonadotropin-opa hōmona

Kaawale, hiki pono ke kapaʻia he pūʻulu o ka ai 'a hopenaʻano papa hana i agonist o gonadotropin-opa hōmona. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka hopena o keia pae ana o ai' ma ka pituitary gland ke kumu no ka hookoia'ālike i ka hopena o kona mau hōmona. Me ka Poeikohoia o keia pae hiki ke kapaia "Sinarel", "Lyukrin Gonapeptil nei." Kēia agonist o gonadotropin-opa hōmona. Nā mea haʻilula keimikala i noi mua, a ma hope o lapaʻau o fibroids, endometriosis a mua surgically wehe i ka uterus (hysterectomy) i loko o ka iapaau ana o ka infertility. Hana waiwai ma lalo o ka aoao o gastric waiʻoluʻolu o, a no ia mea, e injected ma lalo o kaʻili paha i loko o ka Muscle interanazolno a pau ai '.

Ma ka gonadotropin-opa hōmona hakaka i "Tsetrotid" ( "Tsetroteriks"), "ganirelix" a pela aku.