Bronshteyn David Ionovich: Soviet Mū Kākela grandmaster a me ka mea kākau

Bronshteyn David Ionovich - Soviet a Lūkini Mū Kākela grandmaster, he contender no ka inoa o ka honua champion i ka 1951, palua koa o ka USSR. Bronstein i manaoia kekahi o na âlapa pôhili me ikaika loa i loko o ke ao nei, mahope mai o ka hapalua like-1940s i ka hapalua like-1970 o ka. Nā hoapili kapa i kona makakū ano akamai a me ka haku o nā kaʻa mokulele. Eia hou, ka mea, ua ike Mū Kākela mea kākau, kona puke "International Grandmasters Hoʻokûkû" Ua lilo i maoli puke noiʻi kūʻikena no beginners a oi inā pilikia ka haumāna âlapa pôhili.

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence

Bronshteyn David Ionovich hānau February 19, 1924 ma White Church (Ukraine), ma ka mokuna o ka mea kahiko Soviet Union, i lawe mai i loko o ka poe ilihune Iudaio ohana. Makua - Iona B. - i ka mea hana i loko o ka mīkini wili pōhaku hola, a me kona makuwahine - Maria Davydovna - ma ka malama ana i ka 'Oihana no ka hana iwaena o na wahine (poe hana a me nā kauwa Māhele) i loko o ka Apana kōmike. I ka 1926 hoʻoneʻe i ke kulanakauhale o Berdyansk Bronsteinʻohana, ua kokoke ka Azov kahakai, a koke, i ka eha makahiki, neʻe i Kiev. Here Bronshteyn David Ionovich mua hele i ke kula. Ke keiki ua pono lawa, akā, no ka nui attraction haha mai no ka kekahi mau pauku, a mau pōʻai - ua hoihoi i ka makemakika, a me ka Mū Kākela aeromodelling.

Kiev Mū Kākela School

I ka makahiki o ka eono, o kona kupuna i aʻo ia ia pehea e pāʻani Mū Kākela, a koke i ka holoholona hihiu i kokoke i ka manaʻoʻano nui o ke ola no ia. Man ua mau o ka manawa ma ka chessboard,ʻo ia hiki e pāʻani e ku e ia ia iho. I ka makahiki o ka umikumamalua, o Davida lanakila 'o ia i kona mau mua Mū Kākela hoʻokûkû (Competition mālama' ia ma ke kula). Kēia e piʻi like i ka kona kūpaʻa ololi e hui i ka Mū Kākela pauku. Kona kaʻi 'ua ke kaulana lahui Mū Kākela haku Aleksandr Konstantinopolsky.

Mū Kākela School ua i alakaʻi ai i ka ulu ana o ke kūlana mākaukau maoli o ke keiki Mū Kākela pôpeku, a koke umikumamalima David Bronstein komo i loko o Kyiv Mū Kākela Championship, a i ka lua wahi. ʻO kēia makahiki,ʻo Dāvida i umikumamaono Huipû i ka inoa o ka Haku o Sports (1940), hoʻopau lua ma ka Ukrainian Mū Kākela Championship.

pouli manawa

I ka 1937 Bronstein ohana e hele ana ma ka nui pōʻino - i kona makua kāne, e hoʻopaʻi i ka enemi o na kanaka, a ua hookoia aku la ia ia i ka hopena o ke kahua kaua no 7 makahiki. I ka wā e hiki mai, i kēia mea hoʻi i loko o ka hopena o Davida. Ma hope o ua noho mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe i loko o 1941, ka opiopio Mū Kākela pôpeku i na manao e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina makemakika ma ke Kulanui o Kiev, akā, i ka "aʻela hoʻi i" ka inoa maikaʻi o ka 'ohana wahi i ke alanui a hiki i ke kulanui.

The Great Patriotic War: ke ola o ka Mū Kākela

Iloko o ka Nui Patriotic War, i puʻe wale he opiopio Mū Kākela pôpeku, e hele i ke kulanakauhale o Ordzhonikidze (e Vladikavkaz), i loko o ka Caucasus, no ka mea, ka mea i hoouna mai ai, e hana i kekahi o na Ho 'Oponopono (e like me nā kānāwai o ke kaua). Ma ka Soviet koa kaua opiopio Mū Kākela pôpeku lilo kekahi no ka hune eyesight. Bronshteyn David Ionovich pinepine ae noi i ka makemake e hele i ka mua, akā, ka mea, i ole lawe. I ka 1943, ka wā i ke kaua i ma ma Stalingrad, Bronstein, pu me ka wa opiopio brigade ua hoouna ia hoʻokiwikā? Aeiino?. Ma pāʻoihana hola,ʻo ia hana ma ke kūkuluʻia paena, a ma ka po, ua aʻo a me ka holomua likeʻole o ka Mū Kākela puka, kākau i hoʻohui pū 'ia ma luna o scraps o ka pepa.

ka Red Army ka lanakila ma luna o Nazi Kelemania, ma hope o ka mea opiopio Bronstein i kono ia Moscow - e komo i loko o kaʻumikumamākolu USSR Mū Kākela Championship, ma a Dāvida'ōlelo me kaʻano ino result: haʻuki huhu stimulates Mū Kākela e hoʻomōhala hou. Eia naʻe, ma ka makahiki 1945, Bronshteyn David Ionovich komo i ka Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, kahi āna i aʻo no ka makahiki.

E piʻi like, a me ke kuleana

Alaheo maoli tālena Bronstein no hoi wehe ma hope o ka pauʻana o ke Kaua Honua II. I ka MH 1946,ʻo ia, he pepehi hou a pau ia nei hoa paio i loko o ka Mū Kākela Poʻokela Honua hoʻokûkû ma Moscow, a ma ka 1948 a me ka 1949. Ua lanakila 'o USSR Mū Kākela Championship. Ka mua mele lahui lanakila ua Bronstein ka hoʻokûkû ma Saltsjöbaden (Kuekene) i ka 1948, i kahi āna i i hookoia ai ka inoa o ka grandmaster.

I ka makahiki 1950, ua hana hoʻokipa Pukapeka moho Mū Kākela hoʻokûkû ma a Bronsteinʻoiaʻiʻo nō, e like me ka na âlapa pôhili me ikaika me Isaac Boleslavsky, Gideona Stahlberg a me Paul Keres. E like me ka hopena, i ka Soviet grandmaster lilo i ka uwa ana o na moho Hoʻokûkû i ka makahiki 1950, a me ka manawa ma ka aoao o Davida i wale i ka honua champion - Mikhail Botvinnik.

Ke külike no ke ao nei inoa e ku e Botvinnik

I ka 1951, ua halawai Mikhail Botvinnik (ʻikena honua champion) a me David Bronstein (Mū Kākela pôpeku, ka poe i lanakila 'o ia i nā moho Hoʻokûkû) i loko o ka holoholona hihiu no ka inoa o ka honua champion. World Mū Kākela lehulehu i ole kaʻana like i ka manao i Bronstein hiki ia kekahi Iudaio, e ake e loaa o - a pau muli no Mikhail Botvinnik. Ke konane ua loa paʻakikī no nā âlapa pôhili me ma hope o ka hiku o ka installment o ka manual ua 4: 3 i loko o ka lokomaikai o ka hoʻopakele champion. Ke paio hoʻomau, âlapa pôhili me alternately lanakila 'o ia kekahi i kekahi a pili no hoi i ka huki. Ka mea opiopio Bronstein i pāʻani ike pono, ma ka manawa e manao ia o ka mea noi, e ia i ke koa. A me keia manawa ua! Huina heluʻai ma hope o 22 minuke ka aoao ua kua Bronstein - 11.5: 10,5. Aia he wale mau aoao a hiki i "champion" ka honorary inoa. David Ionovich kaua aku i pono ia i hiki, akā, ua lilo ka penultimate hihiu me ka Ekahi, pāʻani i ka questionable pau ana. Ke kilu hope oia i pau ai i loko o ka huki - ka huina manual ua 12: 12. Mikhail Botvinnik hope ka hanu hōʻoia nō ke kuleana e komo i ka Mū Kākela kalaunu. Ma lalo o nā lula o ke Mū Kākela Poʻokela Honua, he unuhi oe i - keia mea hōʻike i ka inoa i kokua aku ma ka boa champion.

Bronstein reacted loa malau akula a hiki i Humor, i ka i ana: ". Mai hopohopo, au lanakila Botvinnik, makemake oe a pau, nana i iaʻu me ko lakou waha hamama"