Coherence - he ... manaʻo aukahi malamalama eʻe. kino coherence

E noonoo oe i ka nalu hoʻopulapula i loko o ka lewa. Coherence - he ana o ka mea hoʻopili ma waena o kona kūlana, ana ma kekahi mau wahi. Coherence nalu hilinaʻi nui ma luna o nā 'ano o kona kumu.

Elua ano o ka coherence

E ka mea hoʻohālike o ka noʻonoʻo. I noonoo ai i mau lana, e ala ana, a haule iho la ia ma luna o ka wai ili honua. Kuhi i ka nalu kumu o ka wale koʻokoʻo i harmonically bapetizoia, a wehe 'ia mai ka wai poha laʻi ili o ka waiʻili. Pela ka mea, he hemolele mea hoʻopili ma waena o ka neʻeʻana o nā huina lāʻau lana, elua. Ka mea hiki ole ke oni mai a ia kaʻoi loa ma ka pae, ka wā kekahi e hele mai, ka mea'ē aʻe i lalo, akā, i ka pae likeʻole ma waena o nā kūlana o nā huina lāʻau lana, elua mea ikaika i ka manawa. Harmonically oscillating wahi kumu produces loa manaʻo aukahi nalu.

I ka hōʻike no ka coherence o ka malamalama ale, hoomaopopo kona mau ano - māhele a me ke kino.

Coherence pili ana i ka hiki o ka malamalama, e paka i ka 'ākeʻakeʻa kumu. Inā mau malamalama nalu i lawe pu, a me ka mea e ho okumu ana i mau mea a mahuahua, a ua hoʻemi'ōlinolino, ua kapaia incoherent mea. Inā paka ka mea, "maikaʻi" 'ākeʻakeʻa kumu hoʻohālike (i loko o ke ano o ka piha luku' ākeʻakeʻa mau), ka mea i oo manaʻo aukahi. Inā nalu mau hana "emi ma mua pono" kiʻi, ka mea, ua noʻonoʻo i ka mea i hapa 'ia' manaʻo aukahi.

Michelson interferometer

Coherence - he kŰia i ua pono wehewehe ma ka ho okolohua.

Ma Michelson interferometer i ka malamalama mai ka kumu S (a paha e kekahi o: ka la, hoku, a me kukuna) ua kuhikuhi ma luna o ka semitransparent aniani M _0, a ho 50% o ka malamalama ma aniani M ₁ a? Aaeaao 50% i aniani M _2. Ka laau i ka lewa, mai kela a me keia o na aniani hoʻi iā M _0, a me ka ewaewa ole i kauwahi o ka malamalama lewa mai ka M ₁ a me M _{2 i} hui a uaʻana ma luna o ka pale B. ka mea hiki ke kele pūnaewele e hoʻololi i ka mamao mai ka aniani M ₁ a hiki i ka laau splitter.

Michelson interferometerʻano nui ua hui i ka laau me ka manawa-hoolohi hoʻokolohua o kona iho. Light e hele ana ma ke ala a hiki i ke aniani M ₁ mea e hele aku i ka mamao ma ka 2D oi ma mua o ka laau e kolo ana i ka aniani M _2.

Ka loihi a me ka coherence manawa

He aha ka mea i ike ia ma ka pale? Ka wā D = 0 hiki ke ike i ka helu o ka loa akaka 'ākeʻakeʻa pihapiha. I ka n ua mahuahua, ka poe i emi mai ka hoʻopuka: ka pouli mau mea e malamalama, a me ka malamalama - dimmer. Eia hoi, no ka nui loa n, oi aku i kekahi pilikia waiwai o D, o ka malamalama a me ka pouli apo nalo loa, a waiho wale i ka blur.

ʻae nō hoʻi, no ka mālamalama kahua hiki ole ālai ia 'aʻe me ka manawa-hoolohi hoʻokolohua o iho, i ka wa a ka manawa kali hou aku; Ua nui nui iho la ia. Mamao 2D - ka mea, o ka coherence lōʻihi: 'ākeʻakeʻa' ole i kekahi 'wale nō ka wā i ka likeʻole i loko o ke alanui i emi ma mua o kēia mamao. Kēia waiwai hiki ke hoohuliia mai i na _l kona papa ma ka mämä holo o ka malamalama l: k _l = 2D / c.

Michelson hoʻokolohua ana i ke kino coherence o ka malamalama nalu: kona hiki e ālai ia 'ana me ka hoʻokaʻuluaʻana kēia o iho. A maikaʻi-stabilized kukuna k _l = 10 ^-4 mau, l _l = 30 ei; i wae 'ia i ka malamalama mai ka wela k _l = 10 ^-8, l _l = 3 m.

Coherence a me ka manawa

Kino coherence - he ana o ka mea hoʻopili ma waena o nā kūlana o ka malamalama nalu ma kekahi mau helu ma ka propagation ao ao.

Nona ke kumu kī ana i ke kōā o λ a λ ± Δλ, a ma kekahi wahi ma ka makahiki, e ālai ia 'aʻe i ka mamao H _l = λ ² / (2πΔλ). Where H _l - coherence lōʻihi.

I ka pae ana o ka hoʻopulapula nalu i loko o ka m ala e hiki aku ua hoakakaia e like me [illegible] = kx - ωt. Inā mākou e noonoo ke Kii hawewe i loko o ka lewa i manawa 'ole i ka mamao H _{pela aku,} i ka pae likeʻole ma waena o nā vectors mau nalu ke k ₁ a me K _2, i mea ma ka pae ma m = 0 mea like i = H _l (k ₁ - ke k _{2) Δφ.} A lohe o Δφ = 1, a me Δφ ~ 60 °, ka malamalama mea hou manaʻo aukahi. 'Ākeʻakeʻa a me ka diffraction i he nui ia ma luna o ka Akä naÿe.

Penei:

• 1 = k _c. (K ₁ - ke k _{2) = H l (2π / λ} - 2π / (λ + Δλ));
• _{H l (λ + Δλ - λ} ) / (λ (λ + Δλ)) ~ L c. Δλ / λ ² = 1 / 2π;
• H _l = λ ² / (2πΔλ).

Ka nalu hele ma ka makahiki me ka māmā holo c.

Ke coherence manawa k _l = H _l / s. Mai λf = pela aku, a laila, Δf / [illegible] = Δω / ω = Δλ / λ. Mākou e kākau

• H _l = λ ² / (2πΔλ) = λf / ( 2πΔf) = c. / Δω;
• ole _l = 1 / Δω.

Inā he ike ke kōā a me ka alapine (frequency) o ka propagation o ke kukui, he mea hiki, e hoʻomaulia H _{pela aku} a me ka 'ole _c. He mea hiki ole ke malama i ke 'ākeʻakeʻa kumu i loaa mai ma ka mahele ana i ka ikaika hawewe, e like me lahilahi ho film' ākeʻakeʻa, ina ka'ōnohi ala like mea me ka nui loa oi aku ia mamua L _c.

Kino coherence kahi wahi a Black.

Coherence a me ka makahiki

Māhele coherence - he ana o ka mea hoʻopili ma waena o nā kūlana o ka malamalama nalu i loko o kekahi mau kumu transverse i ka olelo o ka propagation.

A hiki i ka mamao L, mai ka monochromatic thermal (laina) kumu nona laina Ana o ka mea o δ, na kau mau Aia i ka mamao oi aku ma mua o D _l = 0,16λL / δ, hou paka i ka recognizable 'ākeʻakeʻa kumu. πd _l ^2/4 o ka wahi o ka coherence kumu.

Inā i manawa k ike i ke kumu o ka laula δ, hoolilo ÷ haku mamao L mai i ka pale, i ka pale ke ike i ka mau wahi (P1 a me P2), i hoʻokaʻawaleʻia e ka mamao d. Ka uila kahua ma ka P1, a P2 ho i ka superposition o ka uila mahinaʻai o na ale kinoea ma nā mea nui o ke kumu, o ka pāhawewe i ua ole i pili i kekahi i kekahi. I ka electromagnetic a nalu exiting P1 a me ka P2, e pili ana i ka recognizable 'ākeʻakeʻa kumu i loko o superposition P1, a P2 e ia ma ka pae.

coherence ano

Light nalu e hawewe ma nā kihi aʻelua o ke kumu, ma kekahi wahi o ka manawa na i 'ana i kekahi pae oko ao i loko o ka konu ma waena o nā heluʻai. Ka laau e hele mai ana, mai ka haʻalele kae o ka δ a hiki i kekahi wahi P2 e kekahi, and (sinθ) / 2 aku ma mua o ka mea nana i ulana poʻomanaʻo, 'o ia ke kikowaena. Ke ala o ka mea nana i ulana e hele mai ana, mai ka maka akau o ka δ e kuhikuhi P2, hele ma alanui D (sinθ) / 2 emi. Ke koena unuhi ma ka loihi no ka mau kaola ua D · sinθ, a ho i ka pae likeʻole Δf '= 2πd · sinθ / λ. No ka mea mamao mai P1 a hiki i P2 ma ke alo nalu, ua loaa Δφ = 2Δφ '= 4πd · sinθ / λ. Nā nalu kinoea ma nā kihi aʻelua o ke kumu, i ka pae ana me P1 i manawa 'ole a me ka mea mai o ka pae ana ma ka aina 4πdsinθ / λ ma P2. Mai sinθ ~ δ / (2L), laila Δφ = 2πdδ / (Lλ). A lohe o Δφ = Δφ ~ 1 a me 60 °, ka malamalama ua hou noʻonoʻo manaʻo aukahi.

Δφ = 1 -> n = Lλ / (2πδ) = 0,16 Lλ / δ.

Ka māhele coherence o ka olelo mai wavefront pae homogeneity.

Incandescent kukui mea he laʻana o incoherent malamalama kumu.

Manaʻo aukahi malamalama hiki ke loaa mai i ke kumu o incoherent pāhawewe, ina mākou i kāpaeʻia ka hapanui o ka pāhawewe. Ka mua māhele kānana ua hana e hoʻonui i ka māhele coherence, a laila, spectral kānana no ka nui kino coherence.

Fourier moʻo

Sinusoidal pelane nalu pau loa ia manaʻo aukahi i ka makahiki a me ka manawa, a me kona lōʻihi o ka manawa, a me ka coherence wahi pau ole. All maoli nä hawewe i nalu lāʻau ikiʻai wale ka loihi no ka finite manawa wā mawaena, a me ka ua hope ÷ haku i kā lākou mau olelo o ka propagation. Mathematically, ka mea i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika kuleana pili i. E huli i nā nä alapine makana i loko o ka lāʻau ikiʻai o ka nalu, a no ka hoomaopopo ana i kekahi coherence lōʻihi Δω Pono e kālailai 'ole-papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika hana.

E like me ia Fourier Ka Ikepili, he ākeʻakeʻa kumu papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika nalu hiki e manao like i kekahi superposition o sine nalu. Fourier hoʻololi kemikala o ia hoʻi, ua superposition o ka ai iiiaanoaa o sinusoidal ale e leie aku e loaa ka ākeʻakeʻa kumu papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika waveform.

palapala 'ikepili helu

Coherence kumumanaʻo hiki ke noʻonoʻo me ka pilina o ke kālaikūlohea a me nā sciences, no ka mea, o ka hopena o ka hoʻokuʻi pū o ka electromagnetic a kumumanaʻo a me ka 'ikepili helu, e like me ana helu mechanics o ka hui ana o ka' ikepili helu mechanics. Ke kumumanaʻo Ua hoʻohana 'ia quantify i nā' ano a me ka ole o ka huikau ka fluctuations ma luna o ka hana o ka malamalama kihapai.

IeAUPIIe, IAa IO he mea hiki ole ke ana fluctuations o ka mahinaʻai i ka nalu 'ana. Kanaka "ia iluna, a iho i lalo" hiki malamalama hiki ole ke 'akomi i pololei, a hiki i Ka Uluwehi O Ke kani: kona alapine (frequency) i ka hola October ¹⁵ oscillations no kekona. Oe hiki wale ana i ka averages.

Noi o ka coherence

Pilina o ke kālaikūlohea a me nā sciences me he laʻana o ka coherence hiki ke Hahai I loko o ka helu o ke noi. Hapa 'ia' manaʻo aukahi mahinaʻai i emi loli ana e ka lewapuni turbulence, i hana ia e pono no ka kukuna palapala. Ka mea, i kekahi hana i loko o ke ao o ka kukuna-ʻonou kuʻi nukeliu reactions: i ka ho'ēmiʻana o ke 'ākeʻakeʻa waiwai alakai i ka "pahee" i ka hana ana o ka mea nana i ulana i ka thermonuclear ka pale kaua. Coherence ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kekahi, e hooholo i ka nui a me ka auaaeaiea o hōkū aeaie nenoai.

Radio Coherence o ka malamalama hawewe nui i kūlana i loko o ke ao o ka quantum a me ka panina kihapai. I ka 2005, Roy J. Glauber lilo kekahi o na Winners o ka Nobel lua ma ke kālaikūlohea no kona makana i ka quantum kumumanaʻo o ka'ōnohi coherence.