Dagestan 'ōlelo. Dagestani ohana. Dagestan moʻokalaleo

Pela hoi, aole no ka mea multinational Dagestan Haole'ōlelo hiʻona okoa kū hoʻokahi, richness a me ka 'ano. Kekahi 'ōlelo' ē, ua ho'ākāka 'ia ke kanakaʻuʻuku auls, no ke aha la Dagestan i kapaia ka "mauna o ka' ōlelo a pau."

Ke 'ano o nā' ōlelo a pau

Palapala a me ka unwritten Dagestani kuahiwi 'ōlelo, aia nō ma kahi o ke kanakolu. Dagestani ōlelo hoohui ia ma ka hikina pūʻulu o ka Haole ōlelo Japhetic. Chechen-Dagestani pūʻulu mea i loko o ka mamao pilina me ka Abkhaz-Adygei komohana hui. I loko o ka pūʻulu o Dagestan 'ōlelo i ke kokoke loa' ana, ka maopopo o keia mea ka grammar a me ka hua'ōlelo hou (o ka oi aku Avar a me Lak 'ōlelo a pau).

Kekahi Dagestan 'ōlelo liilii? Anoee. Ua pono ka noiʻi 'ana Dargin, Avar, Lezgi, Lak. Wale 'oe ke hana i ka mua Mea Maluna no keia kumu.

Ka hoʻokukeʻana Dagestan 'ōlelo

Ia ke nana like penei:

1. Group Avar-Ando-Dido. Ua nā nā kēia mau 'ōlelo: Andean (godobari, Andi ahvah, Botlikh, carat, bagvalal, Tindi, chamalal); Avar; Dido (Capucho, hvarshi, ginuh, hunzal, Didot); kui ōlelo'Areki a Rocha.
2. Group Dargin. Nā Dargin, Kubachi a me kaytaksky 'ōlelo.
3. Lak pūʻulu mea wale nō Lak.
4. Group Lezghian. Ua nā nā kēia mau 'ōlelo: Lezgi, Samur (Agulla Tsakhur, Rutul, e Jack, haput, Khinalug, Kryz, Udi, buduk) Tabasaran.

Dagestan 'ōlelo morphologically verbs mea,ʻaʻole i pololei ia. Ma ia mea, o ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o pilikino a me ka impersonal ano o ka verb. He nui Dagestani 'ōlelo lakou aloha ia mau ano o declination a me ka helu o nā hihia.

Dagestani inoa

All Dagestani kanaka, a me Kumyks i kokoke i ka ia inoa. Ka puana e oko a. Ka bulk - ka mea, o ka mea ¶ʻO'Araba inoa. Nei ua i lawekahikiʻia ka pilikino inoa o ka Lūkini 'ōlelo.

e waiho ai na mea he nui Dagestani inoa i kekahi hapa o ka 'ohana (hanauna). Lakou i hana i loko o ka Dagestani ōlelo me ka kūikawā Plural kau hope. No ka laʻana, i loko o ka 'ōlelo kau hope Avar -al: i ka inoa o Ilyas - Ilyasal (Ilyasova). Ma Lak -hul hoʻohana i ke kau hope paha ma ka inoa o Ali - Alihul (Aliev).

I ka haku mele 'ana o ka nōhie (tuhumnyh,' ohana) inoa a me ka hoʻokumu paʻaʻana i mea e mai i ka olelo Dagestani, pono ole ka haʻiinoa a me ka lāhui i kona inoa, wahi inoa.

Declination o ka inoa

Ma ka Dagestani ōlelo me ka hui malu pu ana o ka nōhie (inoa-tuhum) a me ka inoa i loko o ka wahi mua i ka inoa i loko o ka genitive Plural, a laila, i ka pilikino inoa. No kekahi laʻana: Ahmadhal Ali, Muhtarlany Gazhi.

Dagestani 'ōlelo ae, e hoohuli i ka ohana inoa laila, ka wā,ʻaʻole nō he pilikino inoa. Inā e kū aʻe, e tuhumnym (nōhie), a laila, e like me ka rula, o ka emi mea hiki, i mea, i ka inoa i hoopaa mai ai i ka genitive hihia, ke kino inoa e hilinai ana.

I ka hana ana i keʻano o nā palapala - e ia he palapala holo'āina'ē, mare palapala, metric, palapala, etc. - .. i transliterated ka 'ohana inoa, Dagestan suffixes i laila auou caiaiai -ev Lūkini, Female. No kekahi laʻana: Abdullayev, Akhmedov, Omarov.

Dagestan moʻokalaleo

Ka moʻokalaleo o na kanaka o Dagestan like me ka'ōleloʻokoʻa. No ka nui kenekulia ka mea, e hoʻomōhala ai ma luna o kumykskom, Dargin, Avar, Lak, Tabasaran, Lezgin a me Tat 'ōlelo a pau. Ma kēlā me kēia no kēia puke mua i hanaʻia, i kēia mea pili kēia kalele iho ma luna o ka moʻomeheu a me ka kaiapili-papa hana. I ka moolelo o na kanaka o Dagestan i ka lewa i loko o nā loina: ka lyrical a me ka moʻolelo mele, kaao, loina, olelo, akamai, kaao. He nui no ia i imbued me humanistic a kemokalaka pono kīvila, noonoo paio na kanaka o luna o ka hoʻokaumaha. No laila, no ka mea hoike, o ka "aoao o Patima", Lak mele i kāna moʻolelo o ka paio ma ka 13-14 kenekulia. me ka Mongols. Ma ke kaua ana i ka feudal haʻi Kumyk "Kartgochak", "Song o ka Aygaz".

Ka Dagestan poʻe hoʻokalakupua kaʻao, 'ōlohe wiwo moʻolelo, mōʻaukala mau mele ioiinyony motifs o ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua kaʻao a me nā mele o nā lāhui kanaka o Georgia, Azerbaijan, ka Middle Hikina a me Central Asia. Together me nā loina 17-18 kenekulia. 'Imi ulu ka palapala, i waha i ka kūloko a me Apapika. Feudal au ua wehewehe aku ma ka mōʻaukalaʻoihana aliʻi, ka palapala, ai kia hoʻomanaʻo i, likeʻole hoonoho ma philology a me maoli 'epekema kumuhana apau loa, ka mea a pau i ka palapala, ai kānaka apau i mākaukau.

Ma ka 17th kenekulia ka hooulu ana o ka 'oihana naita ma moʻokalaleo i alakaʻi ai Dagestani kula mousse Kudutlya, Shaaban mai ka Park. Aiaʻo ia i aʻo kālaiʻike, Apapika 'ōlelo, kānāwai, puke wehewehe i hana, i ka mea ia manawa, ua mua palapala Eia kekahi laʻana. Aoao o ke? Acaeoey o ka Dagestan moʻokalaleo hiki ke Hahai I hoʻi i ka mōʻaukalaʻoihana aliʻi Magomed Kaliāl AL-kaʻa, Gadzhi Ali, Hasan Alkadari.

Moʻokalaleo 19-20th kenekulia

Ua i loko o ka 19th kenekulia i ka Dagestani moʻokalaleo hoike nui hoihoi Lūkiniʻepekema. Ua Ua ua hana a ua hoolaha nui na buke ma ka mōʻaukala a me ka ethnography o Dagestan. "Derbent-inoa" - ka mea kahiko Revised edition i paʻiʻia ma St. Petersburg i ka makahiki 1851, i unuhi 'Kumu Kazembekom i English, i ole manaʻo. I ka 1898 ma Tiflis, i paʻiʻia ma ka buke hookahi, a unuhi 'ia i loko o Lūkini' ōlelo. Eia hou, i ka "Derbent-inoa" unuhi 'ia i loko o Lak Hawaiʻi.

Ka October ʻOiʻenehana o 1917 i ka makahiki hoʻolauna i loko o ka Dagestan moʻokalaleo he hailona. Ua hoomaka kona kokololio ulu. Iloko o ke Kanawai War, i hanau nui hoʻokahuli aupuni, kīpoʻohiwi e nā mele i hoonani aku la lakou i ka Communist aoao, ku okoa ana, kipi kanaka. Ma lalo o Soviet rula, i nā lāhui kanaka a pau o Dagestan rallied i loko o kēlā mau lā, hoomaka ae la e hoʻomōhala i kākau 'ōlelo i ka hoʻonaʻauao aku i ka mau heluna. Ka mea mua a me ke kapuai ma ka hooulu ana o ka puka paha-hoʻokahuli aupuni moʻokalaleo o Dagestan i ka moʻolelo e like me H. Batyrmurzaev, Mr. Saidov. I ia manawa, ua he pilikia - e hoʻomaikaʻi aku i ka Soviet mana, lawe maiʻeleu propaganda o Communist manaʻo, a ma ka mea ia manawa, e kiola aku la i kaʻenemi bourgeois manao.

I World War II Dagestan haku mele a me nā moʻolelo i ho'ākāka 'ia i ka hoʻomanaʻoʻana i Soviet koa i kokua aku lākou'āina. He hana i ua palapala me ka ano hiʻona o ka poʻe kānaka no oe. I ia manawa, ua hana na nui na hana e like me ka "alo-laina koa ka wahine", "Song o ka wahine mare," Tsadasa; "Kona makuahine ka leo," "I ka puka ana o ka Caucasus" Hajiyev; "O kēlā kaua salvos 'Gamzatov; "Ua ka mountaineer 'wahi maikai loa; "Night", "Dnepr", "Ma ke Alanui" Suleymanova.

Currently, ka hoʻolālā o nā mea kākau o Dagestan i kekahi o ka mea nui i loko o Rusia. Kona wale nô nā oi ma mua o 140 haku mele, playwrights, novelists, kiʻiʻoniʻoni, unuhi. Ka Union ninoieo o eiwa pauku, i ke poo o kela a me keia o ia mea he pono-ike mea kākau o ka honua kaulana lakou.