Diene hydrocarbons: 'ole, a me ka isomerism nomenclature

Diene hydrocarbons (diolefins alkadienes dienes) - paʻa kūhohonu loa hydrocarbons, i loko o ka 'ole ma laila nō nā kaulua paa. E noonoo pono i ka Nine Inch 'ole alkadienes e maheleia i ekolu hoailona ia mea: I kikokiko i - he cumulated diolefins makaukau na kaula paa (SN2SSN2); ʻAno II - alkadienes me ka conjugation (conjugated) linkages; papalua paa ana i loko o ka diene 'ole i hookaawale ia e ka hookahi hoopaa (N2SSNSNSN2); ʻAno III - dienes me insulated pili 'o Randy (N2SSN2SN2SNSN2).

Diene hydrocarbons: mau ano

O na ano ekolu o dienes loa hoihoi i ka Nine Inch hanaʻano II i alkadienes. E ho ohana i huina'ine loaʻa i ka papalua paa ana i loko o ka butadiene lātoma ma waena o C1, a C4 mea hou ma mua o'etolina lātoma.

Diene hydrocarbons: isomerism

No kēia mau ke aloha i huiʻia wehewehe aku ma nā 'ano o ka isomerism - māhele (stereoisomerism) a me ka mall. Ka muaʻano - mall isomerism hydrocarbon kaulahao a paha e pololei 'ole ai manamana. I ka lua o kaʻano o ka isomerism mea ku pono i ka māhele IIeEeAIEUAA o nā'ātoma a me'ātoma hui a puni ka kaulua paa. Pela i hana trans- a Kisa no lakou-isomers dienes. No ka laʻana, no ka hakakino haʻilula diene S5N8, he ekolu mall isomers:

SN2SNSN2SNSN2; CH2C (CH3) SNSN2; SN3SNSNSN2.

Diene hydrocarbons: nomenclature

No ka diene inoa hoʻohana mau nomenclatures - Home Land (e like, kapu Akua Allen) a me IUPAC (International Union o theoretically a me haʻapili kemika). E like me ka IUPAC nomenclature, mua kapa diene like alkane, ma ka inoa o ka i "em" UAIAaIN ma ke kau hope "diene", laila na huahelu hōʻike i ka wahi o ka IIeEeAIEUAA o papalua paa ana i loko o ka hydrocarbon kaulahao. hydrocarbon kaula helu ua lawe mai ai i ka helu i ka haahaa loa. dienes o ka haʻilula i haawiia mai ma luna IUPAC nomenclature e e haawi ia ia e like me ia mahope iho: 1,4-pentadiene; 2-meto-1,3-butadiene; 1,3-pentadiene.

Aia nō i ka helu o ka hanalima, a keʻena hoʻokolohua epekema diene hoʻololi kemikala. I ka papa kuhikuhiE poe i ka depolymerization o maoli laholio (maloo distillation), ka iaoiaeii catalytic dehydration o alkanes, dehydration iaoia monohydric paʻa kūhohonu loa oe i ka waiʻona.

Butadiene - he waiwai maka mea no ka hana kemikala rubbers (nitrile, butadiene, styrene), e like me perchlorovinyl. Isoprene - he waiwai me ke ano ala. First isoprene hua mai maoli laholio ma ka maloo distillation. Isoprene hoomakaukau no hoi i ka dehydration o isopentane. Hoʻohana 'ia e paka kemikala laholio, lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka onaona' ona.

Rubbers - loa ikaika a me ka laholio mea o ke aloha me Kinohi i ua hua mai la ia mai ma kona ano maoli, heʻiʻo maka mea (maoli laholio) a me ka kemikala ano (kemikala). Ke kumu o ka laholio e diene lātoma conjugation me ka papalua paa. Na papale hainaka ua loaʻa i aaioee o ka mea a me ka paio hahana maoli nō luaipele (vulcanization). Rubbers - He mea nui maka mea no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka papale hainaka a me ka paipu, hō'īpale holehole mai ai, laholio mittens, na kamaa a me nā 'ikamu i hoʻohana ma ka hana, hale, wahi lulu, a me ka' inikua kauka holoholona lapaau.

Ethylenic hydrocarbons i loko o kā lākou 'ole i kekahi mau hoopaa. I kekahi manawa, e haawi ia keia mau hui i olefins no ka mea, ka mea malalo gaseous alkenes reacting me ka chlorine paha bromine e lilo i oily hui, i mea insoluble i loko o ka wai.

Acetylenic hydrocarbons (alkynes) - i huiʻia, i pihaʻi me kekahi Triple hoopaa. I ka lani kiekie loa waiwai o nā mea a pau o ka alkynes mea acetylene a ua loaa ia ma ka reacting kalipuna carbide me ka wai. He kinoea ua hoʻohana 'ia ma autogenous kuʻihao, a okioki ke hooheheeia. Acetylene - he waiwai maka mea no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o'etolina, ethanol, acetaldehyde, vinyl acetylene,ʻakika'ākeka, benzene, trichloroethane, acrylonitrile.