Dzhon Lo: Kawaihae a me ka Hawaii photo

Dzhon Lo - shotlansky financier, ke kaula, adventurer, pilialoha hui panakō, uku kupua emi ka waiwai o ke kālā makua - no ka mea, ua olelo mai e pili ana i kanaka ma o ka XVIII kenekulia. Ma mua, i ke kanaka huli Farani i loko o kekahi o ka loa noho pomaikai'āina ma 'Eulopa, a laila, kipaku aku la ia ia i loko oʻilihune. oiai kona wa e ola ana ka mea mua Kawaihae o ka financier i hele mai, a ua unuhi 'ia i loko o nā' ōlelo a pau. Ka Palani i kapa ia Jean Las. Ma nā'āina, ka mea iʻikeʻia me Dzhon Lo. He 'atikala e e ho'ākāka' ia i loko o ka manawa pōkole Kawaihae o ka financier.

wa opiopio

Dzhon Lo Of Lauriston i hānau i loko o Edinburgh (Kekokia) i ka 1671. Ke keiki ka makua kāne i ka jeweler a me ka moneylender. I ka 1683, i ke poo o ka 'ohana Kuai he uuku waiwai o Lauriston, i ka i i hoʻopili i ka inoa o ke alii ko lakou. I kona wā'ōpiopio, John ua loa ai uʻi, a me ka hauʻoli, e lawe i ka mea maikai na hale i loko o Edinburgh. Penei, wā e hiki mai financier koke "Ua E ke Kumu a pau ano o ka debauchery." Soon, ke kanaka opiopio ua hanau mai la ia, a me ka makahiki o ka iwakalua ia i hele aku i ka lanakila i ke kapikala oʻEnelani.

Speculation a Reuʻela,ʻo ia

Ma London Dzhon Lo koke hoʻomohala i kaʻino o ka ha awina. Hana e loaʻa i ke kālā āna i ili mai o kona makua kāne. John hoʻomaka me ka speculation i loko o kekahi, jewelery a me ka pena. Eia hou, oia invented he kāleka pāʻani kahua. Ua lawe mai Luo paa kala. John i nanea i ka nui holomua i loko o na wahine, a wehewehe aku ma ka selectivity i loko o ke aloha pili. Kona hope hoʻokolokolo i pau ai i ka 1694 Reuʻela,ʻo ia. Luo pepehi i kona enemi, a ua hopuʻia. I hookolokolo, i ka wā e hiki mai financier ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make. Akā, John i pakele mai ka hale paʻahao, a hele aku la i Part. I mau, ka meʻe o kēia 'atikala i loa laki.

ho'ololi ha awina

Hiki ana ma ke kulanakauhale hou, Dzhon Lo pono hana i loko o ke ao o oicyenoaaiiie kumumanaʻo. Ma keia mea, he kanaka opiopio heluhelu i ka hailona o influential pepa. Soon, oia paʻi i kona puke. Aia financier hai e pili ana i ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o oicyenoaaiiie stagnation. E like me ia Lo, ka mea, ua i ka nele o ke kala. E hoʻonā i kēia pukana, John i kaumaha aku ai i ka hoopuka banknotes, a, e hōʻike i ia mea i ke gula. A me ka maikaʻi o nā mea a pau, e hoopuka bila e hoopaa lehulehu oihana. Kēia manaʻo financier i kaumaha aku ai, e apono i Aneane pau Europa, aina. Akā, e ike ia ua wale nō i loko o hoʻokahi moku'āina.

Manaʻo o nā manaʻo

I ka 1715, ma hope o ka make ana o ka mō'ī o kekahi pahu France loa nele. Filipp Orleansky (kahu aupuni no ka nui-moopuna o Louis XIV) i loko o nń ma hope o ka i ka ho omaulia o ka moku'āina aie. Ua huli mai i keia huahelu i hiki 3 ieeeea? Livres. Aʻauhau makahiki a me na auhau i 250 wale miliona. Oiai, e like me ka hoike ana o ka Luna o ke Alakai makai, o ka nui ua ekolu kiʻekiʻe. Just 500 miliona i loko o kaʻekeʻeke o nā bureaucrats.

E like me ke kahu, i loko o ia ka pilikia kulana home 'ole hiki wale kōkua i ka'ōnaehana Dzhona Lo. Ua i loko o ka waena o 1716, ua weheia ka meʻe o kēia 'atikala i ka puʻu e kū pono (aole nae i lehulehu, a me ka pololei) me ke kuleana, e hoopuka aku pepa kālā. Ma ka Ia denomination lakou hoao ana e like no ka malihini i ka mea maikai i eliiaʻi, ma ka lā o ka mea maoli palena iki ia auoiaea, e like me lawe i ka uku ana i na auhau a me ka hana. Ie banknotes John lilo oi ÷ haku ma mua o ke kālā a me ke gula apana.

I ia mau lā ka mea, ua kekahi 'ano kūkaʻi hoike ia. E hōʻoia i nā bila hua mai la ia e Lo ma Farani pono i ole i na koi dala o ke kālā a me ke gula. Eia naʻe, 12 mahina ma hope o ka hoʻomaka o ke kahe ana o banknotes ma Farani, waiho wale aku aneiai ke ola. Ka hoʻomau 'ana e kukulu hana ulu, ola ae la ia oihana, a hoopuka haʻahaʻa-hoihoi loan.

kekahi poe

Akā, i ka pali, i ole i ka wale manaʻo Scot. I kakahiaka 1717 Dzhon Lo i hana mai i na "Company o ka Indies." Capital o kēia poʻe Luo makemake i ke kālele 'ana ma o ka ulu ana o ka Mississippi muliwai kīʻaha. Ka Palani kapa ia Louisiana i loko o ka hanohano o ke alii Louis XIV. Ma ka mōʻaukala o keia hanana ka mea, hele aku la ia e like me ka Mississippi Company.

I ka hopena o ke kauwela o 1717, John kūkala e pili ana i kahi i hoʻokomo 'o 200 tausani. Mahele. Nā kūlana he lā maikaʻi: ma ka palena iki waiwai o 500 livres o ka pepa a kuai lilo aku no ka pono 250 me ka ua hoʻohiki repurchase ia i loko o na malama eono o ka loiloi mua kumukuai. Puu o ka poe kuai lilo mai i nei. Eono mahina ma hope, i ko lakou market waiwai o luna ma mua o ka Loipālākiō manawa he nui. Kuai i na securities, John eke he nui huina. Soon ka lehulehu Luo i ka monopoly ma kuai "nā Indies." Kēia wale nō, a mahuahua nui i ke kuai waiwai o securities, a mahuahua koi no ia.

Ka mua kumukūʻai mail

Kahe o ka 50 tausani mahele -, Ano, i ka mea a Dzhon Lo kūkala koke. Ma hope o ka hana ana o ka mea noi hope manawa ka financier hoʻoholo i ka loaʻa hou. Koi eono manawa oversubscribed, like no ka mea kūʻai o securities loaa 300 tausani. Noi. Mau pakuhi, uhi mai iāʻoe, makualii,ʻo Baron a me viscounts pelleted financier hale, makemake e lilo i kekahi hapa o ka waiwai "o ka Indies." Manawa a hiki i kēia, i ke Kakauolelo Scot i amassed he nui ka pomaikai, ka loaa ana mai o ia mau mea i ke kipe.

Spontaneouslyʻikeʻia ka mea kiʻekiʻe securities kuai. I mea, ia ua ka mua kumukuai mail. Ka ike ana i ka hou kumu o ka makahiki, John kuni ihola ia i kona hale halelewa. Ka mea, hoomaka ae kuai mahele Luo kanaka hana, i ua manawa kapaia "nā poloka".

securities mail uku nui exponentially. I kuleana keia ua ku pono ia i ka mea i ka pelekikena i he lâlâ o ke Duke o Orleans, ka papa o ka poe o ka. I ka pono o ka 'ōlelo Palani ulu a me ka mea i loaʻa i loko o ke kaʻana like' ana kumukuai. O ka hana ana, ma keia pono-hoʻolimalima i iho Dzhon Lo. financier pyramid i hiki aku kona i kā mākou wahi o ka ulu ana. Akā, me ka Scot aole manao e pili ana i ka mea a me ka "auau," i loko o ke kala. He oiaio, i kuai ia iho i kekahi mau o ka pipiʻi aina. Oia la, aka, John loaa ka inoa o ke Duke, a ua i ke Kuhina Waiwai (ma ka mea, o ka lua o ke kanaka i loko o ka'āina). Akā, a pau pono loa ke hele a hiki i ka hopena.

Ka nele o nā kālā

Hooeueuia lakou e ka "Mississippi Company" John poorly e hoʻomalu aku ana o ka pali. A me kona poe a pau hilo ua ma luna o ka loan i i ua hoʻopuka kālā i loko o ka kūʻai o ka poe mahele. I huli, ka "Company o ka Indies" mau hoonoho hou kumuhana o securities ma ke kūʻaiʻana aupuni paa ana ma luna o ke kala. Ke'ī mai, ka poʻe i liloʻaneʻane i ka hooponopono ana i aieia o Farani. Akā, i kuhina a pau ka hooponopono ia, a ninau mai la ia i ke kala o ka oi pepa kālā.

ʻO loko o ka loa "India Company" Ua i ua ahaaina nui. ? Ac? O ke kaawale ana mau o Louisiana mea nani lohi. Ma na kapa o ka Mississippi ua maoli kūkuluʻia ke kūlanakauhale, e kaumaha aku ai i kāna huakaʻi, a ua hoounaia mai na moku i ka noho. Akā, he nui hopena i malamaia ma keia papahana. Mau ike e pili ana i ka mea maoli kulana. Aie i ka nalu p shortage o nā kānaka eʻe'āina kahu aupuni i kauoha mai ai (ma ka malū kauoha) e hoouna aku i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia ma lalo o ukali wahine hoʻokamakama, powa a me ka poe kuewa mahiki daimonio. Akā, manaʻo-mai hoʻolaha kai eʻe hooeueu ae la i ka 'ōlelo Palani i hele mai i loko o na awa o ka aina i ka moku piha me fabrics, ai mea ala kahi, a me ke kālā, na nā kumu waiwai.

kui

Ka bele mua i ka hōʻeaʻana mai o ka Prince de Ka Conti Bank. Me ia ia la oia i kekahi cartload o ka puʻu e kū pono memo, a ninau mai la, e haawi aku ia no ka malihini. koke huli i ke kūlana o nā kuhina a me John i ka hoahanau e hoohuli e hoopaa pepa kālā. Ina o ka hihia, a loaa i ka hailona o publicity, aka, i kekahi i haawi ia i ka waiwai, e like me Conti i ole mahalo i waena o ka heluna kanaka. Akā, hoomaka ae la i ka loa me ka poe maalea, a makaala lakou kanaka e haawi aku banknotes no ke kala a me ke gula. He mea hoʻowahāwahā i ka mana i loaʻa iā ia ma ka manawa o Dzhon Lo. Ponzi noaia ua koke e'opi, e like me ka helu o nā kūkaʻi ulu wale me kēlā hele lā.

Tiny hookoe o ka mea maikai i eliiaʻi, hehee iho ma ke alo o ka pali. I ka hoʻomaka o ka 1720 Lo hoopuka ia kānāwai i? Aiiie i ka wehe ana o memo. Nō hoʻi ma luna o ka pepa kālā i papaia e kuai gemstones a me Jewelry. Ma May, memo devalued palua, a laila e hoʻi ka mea, no ke dala i loa 'ōlelo.

A kanaka ka inaina

Ka Palani kokeʻAʻole makemake Lo. E like me ka nui o ka Parisians koi John, e haawi aku banknotes no ke gula. He ua hoole, ukiuki poe kanaka aneane hoʻopau adventurer. Ma keia manao, Luo hoʻoneʻe i ka Palais Royal, e noho ma lalo o ka pololei malu o ka Duke. Soon financier wehe 'ia mai ka lehulehu oihana. E kahu ai France hoi Dagasso Kaulike, ka mea i mua hoʻokuʻu ma muli o ia na nā mea hoʻololi o John e kū'ē'ē mai. Kona mua paa i loko o kona hou kulana i ka resumption o ka launa like. Ma June 10, 1720 a pau o ka Farani i hele ai a hiki i ka Bank Royal. Ma hope o ka kūkaʻi o ke kala a me ke gula, me ka hoʻomaka ua,ʻaʻole lawa ka, a me ka papa hele lepeta. Ilihune kanaka ua hauʻoli a me ka ia. Me kela mea keia mea, i koʻu hele lā, i ke kae kuko flared. July 9 koa kiai ana i ka hale mai kuu iho grille, i ke kanaka ke ole hahi i ka hale. People ka hoʻomaka 'ana e hoolei ana i na pohaku ia lakou. I huli ai oe, ai ka poe koa ia ma ka pana kā lākou mau pū. E like me ka hopena o ka make ana o kekahi Farani. A mau lā ma hope o ka poe kanaka hahi 15 kanaka ...

Ma 'Aukake 1720, i ka Royal Bank haʻi bankrupt. Ekolu mahina ma hope, nā mea a pau o kona mau memo hōʻoki aku.

Ma ka hihia o ka Mauna ahakanaka ia i hele maikaʻi. kumukūʻai kumukūʻai mea kaupaona. Hale kanawai i aku i ke koi e Dzhon Lo, e like me ka hoʻokuhikuhi o ka mua kālā pyramid, e ke kau ma ka hookolokolo ana, a hooko aku la i. Akā, ma kahi o ka meʻe o kēia 'atikala i loko o ka Bastille hele aku la i kona kaikaina - William. i ka la mahope ua ole ai hewa, a me ka financier pili i hookuu ia.

Neʻe maila i Palukela

Akā,ʻo ia Dzhon Lo haʻalele Farani ma ka hope o 1720. Scot me kana keiki hele i Palukela, haalele i kana wahine, a me ka kaikamahine. Ma ka hou kulanakauhale, John noho akā, nonoi. Kona loaa wale i ka hoomau uku ma ke Duke o Orleans (Farani confiscated a pau ka waiwai Lo).

unexpected kaumaha

I ka 1721, i ka financier ua ma Venice. Aiaʻo ia i kipa Savoyard ua aliʻi lā i hoʻolauna i ke aupuni Lūkini hope. He haawiia'ku John i kekahi palapala mai kekahi o nā kuhikuhipuʻuone a o Petero. Ma ka memo i Luo i kono ai i ka hana Lūkini, a ae mai la ka mua maikai. Akā, laila, a pau na manaolana o John i pili i ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia hale ma waho, kahi Rusia i loaʻenemiʻia. No laila, i ka Scot ua hoʻoholo ole, e aa aku i ka mea, a me ka palekana. A laila, haʻalele koke Venice.

nā makahiki

Lo i kekahi mau mahina ma hope o ka hele hoolana aku ia lakou iho me ka manaolana i ke kahu e kii aku ia ia hoʻi i Farani, no ke kōkua i ka lanakila o ka ulia. Akā, i ka 1723 o ka Duke o Orleans make, a me ka financier hoʻomaopopo i makemake ole e hiki ke hoʻi.

Dzhon Lo, nona Kawaihae, ua hōʻike mai iā ia ma luna, make ma Venice mai pneumonia i ka 1729. Ma mua o kona make ana, i ka Scot kākau ihola i ke puke "Ka History o Waiwai wa, noho aliʻi." Akā, ma ka malamalama, alaila ike iho la elua wale kenekulia hope.