E like me ka koʻohune hanai ma? 'Ole a me ka nui aayoaeuiinoe o koʻohune

Koʻohune - microorganisms i ka simplest. Loa pinepine ka mea, i wale kekahi halepaahao. Ma ke ano maoli, loaʻa nō nā pono a me nā palapala i kānaka a me nā kaiapuni microorganisms. Hehe, ka mea a pau kaʻana i ka primitive 'ole a me ka meaʻuʻuku nui. e heluhelu ana i ka 'atikala ma hope, e hiki ke loaʻa mai pehea koʻohune hanai, ole a me ka hanu.

General 'ike e pili ana i koʻohune

Koʻohune - superkingdom prokaryotic microorganisms. I kēia manawa, ua oi aku mamua o elima tausani o kona poe. ʻepekema, e olelo aku nei ia ma ka ike maopopo he mea nui aku microscopic. Bacteriology - he lala o ka 'epekema i haʻawina no ka haʻahaʻa microorganisms.

Lākou awelike nui o 0.5-5 microns. A pau o ia e māheleʻia i loko o nā pūʻulu - hookahi-aa? A me ka multicellular. Ka mua ua lawe mai e pāpā ikaika a pau na keʻano o ka hanaʻana i nā hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o ka meaola ola. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo ana i ka hapanui o ka mea koʻohune motility.

Ka manawa "koʻohune" me he kuokoa pa alima originated ma ka hopena o 70-ies o ka hope kenekulia. Mua,ʻo ia i mālama i ka hua'ōlelo'ālike no prokaryotes. E like me ka hopena o ka noiʻi i loko o 1977, ka mea i loaʻa i ka mea, i maheleia i mau subgroups. No kekahi o ia mau mea, a me ka hoʻohana 'ia i ka makahiki "koʻohune".

Ke kaʻina hana o ka hanu i loko o koʻohune

E pāʻani i ka hanu kaʻina hana, he nui microorganisms, e like me kanaka, ka poe e pono ka oxygen. Ia mau 'elele i kapaia aerobic. Eia naʻe, aia no kekahi poe noonoo ole koʻohune i e ole e pono ai ka ea. Oxygen ma no kēia mau microscopic aoa - heʻano o ka make. Lākou scientific inoa - anaerobes.

Lakou noho ana ma ka luna a me ka moe kolohe papa o ka aina, ma kaʻai a me ka wai. E ka mea hiki, e noho ma hohonu nui i loko o ka lepo, ka wai kino, e like me 'ana i loko o ka mud. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ha aerobic koʻohune hiki ole e kahi anaerobes noho ai.

Ua mea i ike ole ia i ka ha awina o microorganisms hiki i fermentation. Hanu mea heʻano o koʻohune provocateur keia kaʻina. Ka loa e nānā hoʻohālike - ka hū. E like me ka hopena o ko lākou fermentation produces carbon dioxide i a me ka wai.

Mana protozoa. parasitism

E like me ka koʻohune hanai ma luna a me ka parasitism? Mau nīnūnē mea pinepine hoihoi ole wale ma ka kālaimeaola, akā, i pono hana kanaka. Nā pane i kēia mau 'oe hiki ke' imi i loko o kā mākou 'atikala.

Microorganisms iʻai ma luna o ke aloha 'ona e māheleʻia i loko o nā pūʻulu - saprotrophs a me parasites. Ka mua ana popopo leftover ka ai, a me ka lua o ka ola aku nā holoholona. I kēia lā, parasitism - he 'ano, he pono ole kŰia. Ua lŘlŘ like i loko o ka microorganisms lakou iho, a me nā kānaka e like me na holoholona. Pinepine ia mea parasitism hiki i mea maʻi.

Ua ua ike ia ma ka microorganisms, he mea mau aoao i ka mana. Heterotrophic meaola - e microscopic mea i mea hoʻohana no ka hooulu ana mākaukau ke aloha mea. Ka lua o ka pūʻulu nā autotrophs - microorganisms i i ka hoʻoponopono-kupono ma ka mana. Kēia cyanobacterium, hao koʻohune a me ka luaipele koʻohune. paani First nui i kūlana ma ke kaʻina hana o ka kāʻamaʻai. It cyanobacteria oweliweli ke aloha mai'okanikaʻole mea.

Heterotrophic meaola hiki ke maheleia i ekolu pūʻulu: parasites, symbionts a me saprophytes. E like me ka rula, parasitic koʻohune hana lākou e pōʻino oihana i loko o ke kino o na holoholona, manu, ka iʻa a me kanaka. Ka mea, ke i noho ma luna o ka ili ili honua. Koʻohune hiki pinepine parasitic i mea kanu. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i hiki ole heterotrophic koʻohune lawe mai kona nui oihana ma ke ola flora. Kēia hiki wale hiki mai ana ma ka hoʻok & ucirckû ia ma luna o kaʻilikai ma laila i hawaiian eha. Pinepine lilo iho mailoko o na anoano a me ka pu u kukui. Ma keia hihia, i ka maʻiʻaʻai ua ho'īli vegetatively. Ke kumu o ka mea koʻohune maʻi hiki e ka ua a me kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni hooinu ai. Ka loa, he pono ole maʻiʻaʻai hoholaʻia nā mea kolo, a me na lepeta manu. Ma kānaka, parasitism hiki i tuberculosis, maʻi palū, diarrhea, cholera a me ka mai ino.

Symbionts a me saprophytes

Saprophytes - he koʻohune iʻai ma luna o make ke aloha mea. Ka mea, extract micronutrients mai mea ola 'mea, a laila, haʻalele laila na nā'ūhū. Ka mea, omoʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe waiwai.

Symbionts - i koʻohune i mea ole wale noho pu me nā meaola, akā, i lawe mai invaluable ia. No ka laʻana, i kēia mau microscopic iʻa noho i loko o nā tubers o legumes. Ka mea, omoʻia naikokene, i mea He mea hoʻomomona na mea kanu. Ma kānaka a me nā holoholona i kekahi makana symbionts. Ka mea, ae i kā mākou mea e like ai hoʻokō 'ia ka ai i hoomakaukauia, a noho kaʻawale invaluable nui no ola nā wikamina.

Pono keia mau mea waiwai o ka koʻohune

Surprisingly, o ka huina o ke kaupaonaʻana o nā microorganisms i hoolahaia'ku [na kanaka mākou kino mea e pili ana i mau kilograms. Pono koʻohune a noho i ke kino o kekahi mea e liki ola, kapa microbiota. Kēlā kino o ka oi ma mua o ka miliona. Microbiota mea kuleana no ka maikai ola. Pono koʻohune hoomalu aku i ke kino e ku e pathogens.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE wahi o ka puunaue ana o microbiota - ia Aloha naau. Pono koʻohune ho okumu i kaʻakika 'ia ma laila i mai i halihali maʻi-ma o na la meaola.

maoli hoomalu

Nā waiwai o ka koʻohune i i loaʻa i loko o ka kanaka airway, a ma luna o ka ili o kona ili, mea e hoomalu i ko lakou kaianoho koholā. Ka noho pilikia loa pathogens e hoouka mai i ka cii i streptococcus, staphylococcus a me ka micrococcus.

Over ka mau kenekulia i hala, i ka hoomalu maoli o ke kanaka ili i undergone nui mea hou. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i ke kaiāulu kanaka, ua hoʻoneʻe mai ke kokoke pilina me ke ano maoli i mau hui 'ana me Nine Inch. ʻepekema, ua hoao aku au ia ia i ka i ana o microbiota, i mea ma luna o ka ili o ka ili i keia mea me ka nui loa okoa mai ia i ola mua.

Hoihoi hou ia ana mai o ka microworld

Ua ua ike ia ka microbiota o ka meaola hōʻano koke. Mana koʻohune hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka ration o ka lawe. Ka noho pilikia loa microorganisms i kaʻai i pihaʻi me antibiotics, preservatives a me kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni colorants. Mau waiwai luku aku i ka maoli kanaka microcosm. Me ia i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ka mea i pū i keʻano ola pilikia o.

Ua nui e ike i ka microcosm koi akahele noonoo. Mākou ikaika paipai aku ia oe kekahi manawa e hoihoi microbiota e ole i ka helu o ka maʻi. Kēia pono i ke ano o probiotics papa. I mea e malama i kona iho microcosm pono e ai hou ka lau, hana ka hoʻokēʻai lā a me ka aina awakea maoli porridge.

He nui i hoihoi i loko o ka ninau o ana, e hanai i ka koʻohune i i loaʻa i loko o mākou kino. We ike i ka pono anakahi iki-meaola hoʻopau aku i ka ia me kā lākou lawe. Ia mea no keia kumu, e malama i ka ikaika'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana i loko o ka wahi mua ia mea pono e noonoo i kāuʻai.

Nā'ūhū no ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mauʻano

Paha kēlā me kēia o ko mākou mea kama'āina me ke kulana, e ai ana noticeably loa nohona ola ka wā ma hope. Ma ia ka hihia, e e nui mea koʻohune nā'ūhū. Where e loaʻa ia, a pehea e hana ma luna o ke kanaka kino?

He nui aku nei au i ka hope o ka aiiia excesses ka mea, manao ino i kekahi mau lā. Ka mea, ohumu o goiter, nawaliwali a me ka nele o kona'ōpū. A pau kēia mau symptoms hōʻike 'ana i nā palapala koʻohune e ho'āʻo ana e pahu aku ai ola. E Makuakane me ia i ka kaʻina hana, a no ka hoihoi maikai ola, ka mea i pono, e hookomo i kaʻai o kaʻai i i haku o ka mea koʻohune nā'ūhū. O nā waiū, paʻakikī ka waiū, kefir, yogurt, kaʻawaʻawaʻana pūlehu akula i ka waiu a me nā haleʻuwī waiū ai. Poe akamai i kekahi paipai aku lawe huahana i loaʻa probiotics. Mamua o hoʻomaka lapaʻau, ka mea, ua ikaika pono, e kukakuka pu me kou kauka.

Ke sensational Kaka. Koʻohune iʻai ma luna o ea

'Ole a me ka nui aayoaeuiinoe o koʻohune mea o ka ukupanee i biologists mai a puni ka honua. Lakou manaoio i na microorganisms i ole ai primitive me ka mea kani. Kēia keʻae i ka loaʻa i ma ka pūʻulu o Chinese biochemists a me microbiologists. Mau makahiki aku nei, ka mea ike koʻohune i ai ea. E like me kānakaʻepekema, keia, e hoola i ka Honua, mai? Aneie poino.

Ke Kaka Ua i ka ulia. Ke poo o ka pae aku la i kona hale mea mau i kaʻai maʻalahi. I kekahi lā, ua ike ia he nui ka helu o ka poe liilii, larvae makana i loko o ke eaʻeke me ka i koe iho o nā kiliala, a hoʻopau disposable'ōpala. Kēia hihia ua paipaiʻia i ka noiʻi i ka manaoio i ka mea hiki ke kōkua e ho'ōla i ka Honua, mai global haumia ea.

Ua lilo i ka helu o ia mea, kime alakaʻi i loaʻa mai i ole wale no ka larvaeʻai i ke ea a me ka polyethylene, akā, i hōʻuluʻulu ia. Ua huli mai i keia mea aie a hiki i ka mea i loko o ka gut enuhe i ka helu o ka koʻohune. Ka mea, o ka mea, a hōʻuluʻuluʻawahia waiwai. A pae o nā kānakaʻepekema i waiho ho'āʻo larvae ma ka polyethylene ili honua. Surprisingly, akā, i ka mahina ma hope ka mea, i hookolokolo aku la ia ma lalo o ka microscope AEeAaOA. Mana e leie aku ka koʻohune ole, e hoouna aku ea no ka hoʻopōʻaiapuni, a ua luku aku ia me ka hikiwawe e loaa.

nā palapala koʻohune kaianoho koholā

Aia nō nā pono a me ka parasitic koʻohune. I ka la mahope hiki i ka helu ola pilikia o. I mea e hoʻonui loa hoʻopale i kou kino, mai nā palapala koʻohune, ia mea pono e ike pono i kona wahi e noho ai.

• Ke dirtiest mea i loko o ka hale, a makemake e e weliweli koʻohune - mea i ka huahuakai i mau kiaha. Kela manawa, ma hope o ka hebedoma o ka hoʻohana 'ana i ia urgently pono ia e auou caiaiai. I pulu i ka huahuakai, i ka poe i ai (particles) - he maikaʻi nā papa hana no ka hooulu ana o parasitic microorganisms.
• Kekahi kumuhana i mea ai leʻaleʻa o microscopic aoa - he toothbrush. Pohihihi keia hope o ka holomua ke alakai i kekahiʻano o infectious maʻi e like me SARS.
• Mau kanaka manaʻo, akā, me ka TV loihi - ia mea he kumuhana ma i noho i ka nui helu o ka pilikia koʻohune no kanaka ola. E hoʻopale 'mai o kā lākou mau keiki, he mea e pono ai ma ka liʻiliʻi loa hookahi manawa i ka pule, e lawelawe i ka kumuhana o ka disinfectant. Inā i loko o ka 'ohana kekahi hāpai ka infectious maʻi, i kēia E e hana i kela la.

E hoʻopale 'mai i ka helu o nā palapala koʻohune, ia mea pono e holoi i kou mau lima, e like me ka manawa i hiki. No ka nui keia, mau e hoʻohana i ka disinfectant.

nā'ōlelo o microorganisms

No ka poe i makemake e aʻo hou aku e pili ana i ka poe noonoo ole microorganisms, ia mea nui,ʻaʻole wale nō ia o nā koʻohune hanai ia, akā, no hoi pehea e paʻi. Kēia 'ike mea o ka hoihoi ana i na mea he nui beginners microbiologists. Ka hapa nui o ka mea koʻohune halepaahao replicates ma ka māheleʻana i nā māhele. Inā ka microorganism i ka'ololaha kinona, ka mea hiki wale ke maheleia nā kāʻei. He nui no hoi? Ueo e paʻi ma i opuu ae. Ke moe kaʻina ka loa pohihihi keia, a IeAUPIIe, IAa IO wale E. coli.

Ke kaʻina hana o ka'ōlelo i loko o koʻohune i wahi koke lawa. Aka hoi, o ka papa ke lawe wahi wale nō ma lalo o kekahi ana. Ma lalo o adverse rula, kekahi subspecies o koʻohune i hana spores. Surprisingly, he hookahi ke kelepona hele, oe e loaa mau ieeeea kanaka. Ka hapa nui o ka mea opiopio mamo make me ka hopena o ka waiū i adverse? Aneie ana.

summing mai

Koʻohune - he mea meaola i puni mai na wahi a pau. Ka mea, hiki i nā maikaʻi a me ka hopena maikaʻi ka hopena ma luna o ka 'āina a me kanaka ola. He nui microbiologists manaʻo i ka koʻohune i ole i na mea e like me ka mea āu e. I kēia lā ia mea ikeia microorganisms i hiki ke kōkua Makuakane me ka? Aneeo hewa i loko o ke ao nei. Ma kēia 'atikala e hiki ke loaʻa mai ole wale pehea koʻohune hanai, akā, no hoi, e ike pehea e Kamakawiwo Ole a me ka hanu.